Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Limitations
Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunother...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in oncology Ročník 8; s. 86 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
28.03.2018
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 2234-943X, 2234-943X |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunotherapies, neutralizing antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are being hailed as particularly successful. These antibodies have resulted in dramatic improvements in disease outcome and are now clinically approved in many countries. However, the majority of advanced stage melanoma patients do not respond or will relapse, and the hunt for the "magic bullet" to treat the disease continues. This review examines the mechanisms of action and the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies which are the two types of checkpoint inhibitors currently available to patients and further explores the future avenues of their use in melanoma and other cancers. |
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| AbstractList | Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunotherapies, neutralizing antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are being hailed as particularly successful. These antibodies have resulted in dramatic improvements in disease outcome and are now clinically approved in many countries. However, the majority of advanced stage melanoma patients do not respond or will relapse, and the hunt for the “magic bullet” to treat the disease continues. This review examines the mechanisms of action and the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies which are the two types of checkpoint inhibitors currently available to patients and further explores the future avenues of their use in melanoma and other cancers. Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunotherapies, neutralizing antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are being hailed as particularly successful. These antibodies have resulted in dramatic improvements in disease outcome and are now clinically approved in many countries. However, the majority of advanced stage melanoma patients do not respond or will relapse, and the hunt for the "magic bullet" to treat the disease continues. This review examines the mechanisms of action and the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies which are the two types of checkpoint inhibitors currently available to patients and further explores the future avenues of their use in melanoma and other cancers.Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunotherapies, neutralizing antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are being hailed as particularly successful. These antibodies have resulted in dramatic improvements in disease outcome and are now clinically approved in many countries. However, the majority of advanced stage melanoma patients do not respond or will relapse, and the hunt for the "magic bullet" to treat the disease continues. This review examines the mechanisms of action and the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies which are the two types of checkpoint inhibitors currently available to patients and further explores the future avenues of their use in melanoma and other cancers. |
| Author | Seidel, Judith A. Kabashima, Kenji Otsuka, Atsushi |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan 2 Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis , Singapore , Singapore |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan – name: 2 Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis , Singapore , Singapore |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Judith A. surname: Seidel fullname: Seidel, Judith A. – sequence: 2 givenname: Atsushi surname: Otsuka fullname: Otsuka, Atsushi – sequence: 3 givenname: Kenji surname: Kabashima fullname: Kabashima, Kenji |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644214$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2018 Seidel, Otsuka and Kabashima. 2018 Seidel, Otsuka and Kabashima |
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| Keywords | mode of action biomarkers immunotherapy melanoma side effects cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances... |
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| SubjectTerms | biomarkers cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy melanoma Oncology side effects |
| Title | Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Limitations |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29644214 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2024471351 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5883082 https://doaj.org/article/b5b807fa053741829ccdff97c76b9797 |
| Volume | 8 |
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