Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Such processes determine how heat from the sun is redistributed across the global oceans, directly impacting large- and small-scal...

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Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 6
Main Authors: O’Carroll, Anne G., Armstrong, Edward M., Beggs, Helen M., Bouali, Marouan, Casey, Kenneth S., Corlett, Gary K., Dash, Prasanjit, Donlon, Craig J., Gentemann, Chelle L., Høyer, Jacob L., Ignatov, Alexander, Kabobah, Kamila, Kachi, Misako, Kurihara, Yukio, Karagali, Ioanna, Maturi, Eileen, Merchant, Christopher J., Marullo, Salvatore, Minnett, Peter J., Pennybacker, Matthew, Ramakrishnan, Balaji, Ramsankaran, RAAJ, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sunder, Swathy, Saux Picart, Stéphane, Vázquez-Cuervo, Jorge, Wimmer, Werenfrid
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Lausanne Frontiers Research Foundation 20.08.2019
Frontiers Media
Frontiers Media S.A
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ISSN:2296-7745, 2296-7745
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Abstract Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Such processes determine how heat from the sun is redistributed across the global oceans, directly impacting large- and small-scale weather and climate patterns. The provision of daily maps of global SST for operational systems, climate modelling and the broader scientific community is now a mature and sustained service coordinated by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) and the CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (CEOS SST-VC). Data streams are shared, indexed, processed, quality controlled, analyzed, and documented within a Regional/Global Task Sharing (R/GTS) framework, which is implemented internationally in a distributed manner. Products rely on a combination of low-Earth orbit infrared and microwave satellite imagery, geostationary orbit infrared satellite imagery, and in situ data from moored and drifting buoys, Argo floats, and a suite of independent, fully characterized and traceable in situ measurements for product validation (Fiducial Reference Measurements, FRM). Research and development continues to tackle problems such as instrument calibration, algorithm development, diurnal variability, derivation of high-quality skin and depth temperatures, and areas of specific interest such as the high latitudes and coastal areas. In this white paper, we review progress versus the challenges we set out 10 years ago in a previous paper, highlight remaining and new research and development challenges for the next 10 years (such as the need for sustained continuity of passive microwave SST using a 6.9 GHz channel), and conclude with needs to achieve an integrated global high-resolution SST observing system, with focus on satellite observations exploited in conjunction with in situ SSTs. The paper directly relates to the theme of Data Information Systems and also contributes to Ocean Observing Governance and Ocean Technology and Networks within the OceanObs2019 objectives. Applications of SST contribute to all the seven societal benefits, covering Discovery; Ecosystem Health & Biodiversity; Climate Variability & Change; Water, Food, & Energy Security; Pollution & Human Health; Hazards and Maritime Safety; and the Blue Economy.
AbstractList Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Such processes determine how heat from the sun is redistributed across the global oceans, directly impacting large- and small-scale weather and climate patterns. The provision of daily maps of global SST for operational systems, climate modeling and the broader scientific community is now a mature and sustained service coordinated by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) and the CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (CEOS SST-VC). Data streams are shared, indexed, processed, quality controlled, analyzed, and documented within a Regional/Global Task Sharing (R/GTS) framework, which is implemented internationally in a distributed manner. Products rely on a combination of low-Earth orbit infrared and microwave satellite imagery, geostationary orbit infrared satellite imagery, and in situ data from moored and drifting buoys, Argo floats, and a suite of independent, fully characterized and traceable in situ measurements for product validation (Fiducial Reference Measurements, FRM). Research and development continues to tackle problems such as instrument calibration, algorithm development, diurnal variability, derivation of high-quality skin and depth temperatures, and areas of specific interest such as the high latitudes and coastal areas. In this white paper, we review progress versus the challenges we set out 10 years ago in a previous paper, highlight remaining and new research and development challenges for the next 10 years (such as the need for sustained continuity of passive microwave SST using a 6.9 GHz channel), and conclude with needs to achieve an integrated global high-resolution SST observing system, with focus on satellite observations exploited in conjunction with in situ SSTs. The paper directly relates to the theme of Data Information Systems and also contributes to Ocean Observing Governance and Ocean Technology and Networks within the OceanObs2019 objectives. Applications of SST contribute to all the seven societal benefits, covering Discovery; Ecosystem Health & Biodiversity; Climate Variability & Change; Water, Food, & Energy Security; Pollution & Human Health; Hazards and Maritime Safety; and the Blue Economy.
Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature (such as the need for sustained continuity of passive microwave SST using a 6.9 GHz channel), and conclude with needs to achieve an integrated global high-resolution SST observing system, with focus on satellite observations exploited in conjunction with in situ SSTs. The paper directly relates to the theme of Data Information Systems and also contributes to Ocean Observing Governance and Ocean Technology and Networks within the OceanObs2019 objectives. Applications of SST contribute to all the seven societal benefits, covering Discovery; Ecosystem Health & Biodiversity; Climate Variability & Change; Water, Food, & Energy Security; Pollution & Human Health; Hazards and Maritime Safety; and the Blue Economy.
Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Such processes determine how heat from the sun is redistributed across the global oceans, directly impacting large- and small-scale weather and climate patterns. The provision of daily maps of global SST for operational systems, climate modelling and the broader scientific community is now a mature and sustained service coordinated by the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) and the CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (CEOS SST-VC). Data streams are shared, indexed, processed, quality controlled, analyzed, and documented within a Regional/Global Task Sharing (R/GTS) framework, which is implemented internationally in a distributed manner. Products rely on a combination of low-Earth orbit infrared and microwave satellite imagery, geostationary orbit infrared satellite imagery, and in situ data from moored and drifting buoys, Argo floats, and a suite of independent, fully characterized and traceable in situ measurements for product validation (Fiducial Reference Measurements, FRM). Research and development continues to tackle problems such as instrument calibration, algorithm development, diurnal variability, derivation of high-quality skin and depth temperatures, and areas of specific interest such as the high latitudes and coastal areas. In this white paper, we review progress versus the challenges we set out 10 years ago in a previous paper, highlight remaining and new research and development challenges for the next 10 years (such as the need for sustained continuity of passive microwave SST using a 6.9 GHz channel), and conclude with needs to achieve an integrated global high-resolution SST observing system, with focus on satellite observations exploited in conjunction with in situ SSTs. The paper directly relates to the theme of Data Information Systems and also contributes to Ocean Observing Governance and Ocean Technology and Networks within the OceanObs2019 objectives. Applications of SST contribute to all the seven societal benefits, covering Discovery; Ecosystem Health & Biodiversity; Climate Variability & Change; Water, Food, & Energy Security; Pollution & Human Health; Hazards and Maritime Safety; and the Blue Economy.
Author Vázquez-Cuervo, Jorge
Dash, Prasanjit
Pennybacker, Matthew
Casey, Kenneth S.
Kabobah, Kamila
Donlon, Craig J.
Merchant, Christopher J.
Bouali, Marouan
Armstrong, Edward M.
Karagali, Ioanna
O’Carroll, Anne G.
Minnett, Peter J.
Ramakrishnan, Balaji
Maturi, Eileen
Sunder, Swathy
Saux Picart, Stéphane
Marullo, Salvatore
Høyer, Jacob L.
Ramsankaran, RAAJ
Wimmer, Werenfrid
Beggs, Helen M.
Corlett, Gary K.
Santoleri, Rosalia
Kurihara, Yukio
Kachi, Misako
Gentemann, Chelle L.
Ignatov, Alexander
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Keywords Fiducial Reference Measurements
climate data records
GHRSST
observations
operational oceanography
satellite
in situ
sea surface temperature
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Snippet Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical variable for understanding, quantifying and predicting complex interactions between the ocean and the...
Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature (such as the need for sustained continuity of passive microwave SST using a 6.9 GHz channel), and conclude with...
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SubjectTerms Accuracy
Atmosphere
Biodiversity
Blue economy
Buoys
Climate
Climate models
Climate variability
Coastal zone
Data assimilation
Diurnal
Drifters
Earth
Earth orbit
Earth orbits
Energy security
Environmental health
Fiducial Reference Measurements
Floats
GHRSST
Global temperatures
Governance
Health hazards
Heat
Imagery
in situ
In situ measurement
Information systems
Integrated approach
Maritime safety
observations
Ocean circulation
Ocean, Atmosphere
Oceans
R&D
Radiometers
Research & development
Resolution
satellite
Satellites
Sciences of the Universe
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Security
Spaceborne remote sensing
Temperature effects
Variability
Water pollution
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Title Observational Needs of Sea Surface Temperature
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