Detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil by comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography coupled to multiple detectors

•Combination of the information of an FID, SCD, NCD and TOF-MS on a GC×GC.•Quantitative and qualitative characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil.•Trace impurity measurement of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in a complex matrix. The detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1359; pp. 237 - 246
Main Authors: Toraman, Hilal E., Dijkmans, Thomas, Djokic, Marko R., Van Geem, Kevin M., Marin, Guy B.
Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 12.09.2014
Elsevier
Subjects:
aldehydes
alkenes
Analysis methods
Analytical chemistry
Applied sciences
caprolactam
carbon
chemiluminescence
Chemistry
Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography
Chromatography, Gas - instrumentation
Chromatography, Gas - methods
detectors
ethers
Exact sciences and technology
Flame Ionization
Gas chromatographic methods
GC × GC–FID/NCD/SCD/TOF-MS
General treatment and storage processes
ketones
Mass Spectrometry
Mixed plastic waste
nitriles
nitrogen
Nitrogen containing hydrocarbons
oils
oxygen
Oxygen containing hydrocarbons
phenols
Plastics - chemistry
Pollution
pyridines
pyrolysis
Pyrolysis oil
quinolines
Solid Waste - analysis
spectrometers
sulfides
sulfur
Sulfur containing hydrocarbons
thiols
thiophenes
Wastes
Pyrolysis oil
Sulfur containing hydrocarbons
Mixed plastic waste
Nitrogen containing hydrocarbons
Oxygen containing hydrocarbons
GC×GC–FID/NCD/SCD/TOF-MS
Pyrolysis
Chemical analysis
Two dimensional chromatography
GC x GC-FID/NCD/SCD/TOF-MS
Coupled method
Waste treatment
Chemiluminescence
Flame ionization detector
Gas chromatography
Pyrolytic oils
Chemical composition
Time-of-flight mass spectrometers
Degradation product
Plastic waste
ISSN:0021-9673, 1873-3778, 1873-3778
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•Combination of the information of an FID, SCD, NCD and TOF-MS on a GC×GC.•Quantitative and qualitative characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil.•Trace impurity measurement of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in a complex matrix. The detailed compositional characterization of plastic waste pyrolysis oil was performed with comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) coupled to four different detectors: a flame ionization detector (FID), a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD) and a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The performances of different column combinations were assessed in normal i.e. apolar/mid-polar and reversed configurations for the GC×GC–NCD and GC×GC–SCD analyses. The information obtained from the four detectors and the use of internal standards, i.e. 3-chlorothiophene for the FID and the SCD and 2-chloropyridine for the NCD analysis, enabled the identification and quantification of the pyrolysis oil in terms of both group type and carbon number: hydrocarbon groups (n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, olefins and naphthenes, monoaromatics, naphthenoaromatics, diaromatics, naphthenodiaromatics, triaromatics, naphthenotriaromatics and tetra-aromatics), nitrogen (nitriles, pyridines, quinolines, indole, caprolactam, etc.), sulfur (thiols/sulfides, thiophenes/disulfides, benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, etc.) and oxygen containing compounds (ketones, phenols, aldehydes, ethers, etc.). Quantification of trace impurities is illustrated for indole and caprolactam. The analyzed pyrolysis oil included a significant amount of nitrogen containing compounds (6.4wt%) and to a lesser extent sulfur containing compounds (0.6wt%). These nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds described approximately 80% of the total peak volume for respectively the NCD and SCD analysis. TOF-MS indicated the presence of the oxygen containing compounds. However only a part of the oxygen containing compounds (2.5wt%) was identified because of their low concentrations and possible overlap with the complex hydrocarbon matrix as no selective detector or preparative separation for oxygen compounds was used.
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ISSN:0021-9673
1873-3778
1873-3778
DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.017