Y and W Chromosome Assemblies: Approaches and Discoveries

Hundreds of vertebrate genomes have been sequenced and assembled to date. However, most sequencing projects have ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the heterogametic sex – Y and W – that are known as sex-limited chromosomes (SLCs). Indeed, haploid and repetitive Y chromosomes in species with male...

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Vydané v:	Trends in genetics Ročník 33; číslo 4; s. 266 - 282
Hlavní autori:	Tomaszkiewicz, Marta, Medvedev, Paul, Makova, Kateryna D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2017
Predmet:	Animals assembly Evolution, Molecular Female Genome heterogamety High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Male Medical Education sex chromosomes Sex Chromosomes - genetics sex determination Sex Determination Processes W chromosome Y chromosome Y Chromosome - genetics assembly heterogamety W chromosome sex chromosomes sex determination Y chromosome
ISSN:	0168-9525
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Abstract	Hundreds of vertebrate genomes have been sequenced and assembled to date. However, most sequencing projects have ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the heterogametic sex – Y and W – that are known as sex-limited chromosomes (SLCs). Indeed, haploid and repetitive Y chromosomes in species with male heterogamety (XY), and W chromosomes in species with female heterogamety (ZW), are difficult to sequence and assemble. Nevertheless, obtaining their sequences is important for understanding the intricacies of vertebrate genome function and evolution. Recent progress has been made towards the adaptation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to deciphering SLC sequences. We review here currently available methodology and results with regard to SLC sequencing and assembly. We focus on vertebrates, but bring in some examples from other taxa. NGS technology and advances in assembly algorithms allow researchers to decipher chromosomes Y and W, the most challenging parts of vertebrate genomes to sequence and assemble. The rapidly accumulating data accelerate discoveries related to the evolution and structure of these chromosomes, suggesting that they are much more varied among vertebrate species than was previously realized. Y and W chromosome data are being used to trace the divergence of male- and female-specific lineages. Novel technology makes it possible to generate population-scale sequencing data for these chromosomes and to study their diversity.
AbstractList	Hundreds of vertebrate genomes have been sequenced and assembled to date. However, most sequencing projects have ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the heterogametic sex – Y and W – that are known as sex-limited chromosomes (SLCs). Indeed, haploid and repetitive Y chromosomes in species with male heterogamety (XY), and W chromosomes in species with female heterogamety (ZW), are difficult to sequence and assemble. Nevertheless, obtaining their sequences is important for understanding the intricacies of vertebrate genome function and evolution. Recent progress has been made towards the adaptation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to deciphering SLC sequences. We review here currently available methodology and results with regard to SLC sequencing and assembly. We focus on vertebrates, but bring in some examples from other taxa. Hundreds of vertebrate genomes have been sequenced and assembled to date. However, most sequencing projects have ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the heterogametic sex – Y and W – that are known as sex-limited chromosomes (SLCs). Indeed, haploid and repetitive Y chromosomes in species with male heterogamety (XY), and W chromosomes in species with female heterogamety (ZW), are difficult to sequence and assemble. Nevertheless, obtaining their sequences is important for understanding the intricacies of vertebrate genome function and evolution. Recent progress has been made towards the adaptation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to deciphering SLC sequences. We review here currently available methodology and results with regard to SLC sequencing and assembly. We focus on vertebrates, but bring in some examples from other taxa. NGS technology and advances in assembly algorithms allow researchers to decipher chromosomes Y and W, the most challenging parts of vertebrate genomes to sequence and assemble. The rapidly accumulating data accelerate discoveries related to the evolution and structure of these chromosomes, suggesting that they are much more varied among vertebrate species than was previously realized. Y and W chromosome data are being used to trace the divergence of male- and female-specific lineages. Novel technology makes it possible to generate population-scale sequencing data for these chromosomes and to study their diversity.
Author	Makova, Kateryna D. Medvedev, Paul Tomaszkiewicz, Marta
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Marta surname: Tomaszkiewicz fullname: Tomaszkiewicz, Marta organization: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul surname: Medvedev fullname: Medvedev, Paul organization: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kateryna D. surname: Makova fullname: Makova, Kateryna D. email: kdm16@psu.edu organization: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28236503$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Hundreds of vertebrate genomes have been sequenced and assembled to date. However, most sequencing projects have ignored the sex chromosomes unique to the...
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SubjectTerms	Animals assembly Evolution, Molecular Female Genome heterogamety High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Male Medical Education sex chromosomes Sex Chromosomes - genetics sex determination Sex Determination Processes W chromosome Y chromosome Y Chromosome - genetics
Title	Y and W Chromosome Assemblies: Approaches and Discoveries
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