Mechanisms of Dysregulated Humoral and Cellular Immunity by SARS-CoV-2

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 in China, and has led to thousands of mortalities globally each day. While the innate immune response serves as the first...

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Vydáno v:Pathogens (Basel) Ročník 9; číslo 12; s. 1027
Hlavní autoři: Taefehshokr, Nima, Taefehshokr, Sina, Heit, Bryan
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.12.2020
MDPI
Témata:
Adaptive immunity
Antibodies
B and T cell immune response
B-lymphocytes
Cell-mediated immunity
China
Coronavirus infections
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Depletion
disease severity
Exhaustion
Humoral immunity
Immune clearance
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Immunological memory
Innate immunity
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Memory cells
Middle East respiratory syndrome
mortality
neutralizing antibodies
Orthocoronavirinae
pandemic
Pandemics
Pathogenesis
pathogens
patients
Respiratory diseases
Review
sanitizing
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
T-lymphocytes
Viral diseases
Viruses
Womens health
China
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
B and T cell immune response
adaptive immunity
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
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Shrnutí:The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 in China, and has led to thousands of mortalities globally each day. While the innate immune response serves as the first line of defense, viral clearance requires activation of adaptive immunity, which employs B and T cells to provide sanitizing immunity. SARS-CoV-2 has a potent arsenal of mechanisms used to counter this adaptive immune response through processes, such as T cells depletion and T cell exhaustion. These phenomena are most often observed in severe SARS-CoV-2 patients, pointing towards a link between T cell function and disease severity. Moreover, neutralizing antibody titers and memory B cell responses may be short lived in many SARS-CoV-2 patients, potentially exposing these patients to re-infection. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of B and T cells immune responses and activity in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens9121027