Reemerging Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma with Varying Symptoms Expressions and Its Transmission by a New Leafhopper Vector—Nephotettix virescens Distant

Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) belongs to the “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” 16SrI-B subgroup, which is solely transmitted by the zigzag-striped leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis Motchulsky) and the green leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Recently, rice plants sh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 990
Main Authors: Jonson, Gilda B., Matres, Jerlie M., Ong, Socheath, Tanaka, Toshiharu, Choi, Il-Ryong, Chiba, Sotaro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.11.2020
MDPI
Subjects:
administrative management
adults
Aquatic plants
Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris 16SrI-B subgroup
Cicadellidae
detection
Discoloration
Flowers & plants
Hemiptera
Infections
Insects
Leaves
Nephotettix cincticeps
paddies
Pathogens
Philippines
Phytoplasma
Polymerase chain reaction
Recilia dorsalis
reemergence
Rice
rice orange leaf phytoplasma
Seedlings
Subgroups
transmission
Trends
Viruses
Philippines
China
India
reemergence
transmission
Candidatus phytoplasma asteris 16SrI-B subgroup
rice orange leaf phytoplasma
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
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Description
Summary:Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) belongs to the “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” 16SrI-B subgroup, which is solely transmitted by the zigzag-striped leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis Motchulsky) and the green leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Recently, rice plants showing orange leaf discoloration have become ubiquitous in several paddies of two provinces in the Philippines. In total of 98 symptomatic rice plants, 82% (Laguna) and 95% (Mindanao) were ROLP-positive by nested PCR detection. These plants showed more varying symptoms than previously reported. The vector insect R. dorsalis was scarcely present but green paddy leafhopper, N. virescens Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was commonly observed in the paddies, thus the ability of N. virescens to transmit ROLP was thoroughly investigated. Newly emerged adult N. virescens, which fed on ROLD-source rice plants, were used to inoculate a susceptible rice seedling and was serially transferred into a new healthy seedling. Resultant positive transmission rates varied from 5.1% to 17.8%. The transmission ability of the insects was generally decreased over time. These findings suggest that N. virescens is an alternative vector of ROLP in the Philippines. Altogether, this study highlighted the increasing importance of ROLD-reemergence in Southeast and East Asia and proved the need for careful management of this alternative vector insect.
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Present address: International Rice Research Institute—Korea Office, National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do 235, Korea.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens9120990