Intracellular and Intercellular Aspects of Macrophage Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis

Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammat...

Celý popis

Uložené v:
Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:Circulation research Ročník 126; číslo 9; s. 1209
Hlavní autori: Tabas, Ira, Bornfeldt, Karin E
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States 24.04.2020
Predmet:
ISSN:1524-4571, 1524-4571
On-line prístup:Zistit podrobnosti o prístupe
Tagy: Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
Abstract Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review article, part of the , we introduce the concepts of (1) intracellular immunometabolism-the canonical pathways of intrinsic cell activation leading to changes in intracellular metabolism, which in turn alter cellular function; and (2) intercellular immunometabolism-conditions in which intermediates of cellular metabolism are transferred from one cell to another, thereby altering the function of the recipient cell. The recent discovery that the metabolite cargo of dead and dying cells ingested through efferocytosis by macrophages can alter metabolic pathways and downstream function of the efferocyte is markedly changing the way we think about macrophage immunometabolism. Metabolic transitions of macrophages contribute to their functions in all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion initiation to formation of advanced lesions characterized by necrotic cores, to lesion regression following aggressive lipid lowering. This review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of these different aspects of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis, new exciting concepts and potential targets for intervention are emerging.
AbstractList Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, we introduce the concepts of (1) intracellular immunometabolism-the canonical pathways of intrinsic cell activation leading to changes in intracellular metabolism, which in turn alter cellular function; and (2) intercellular immunometabolism-conditions in which intermediates of cellular metabolism are transferred from one cell to another, thereby altering the function of the recipient cell. The recent discovery that the metabolite cargo of dead and dying cells ingested through efferocytosis by macrophages can alter metabolic pathways and downstream function of the efferocyte is markedly changing the way we think about macrophage immunometabolism. Metabolic transitions of macrophages contribute to their functions in all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion initiation to formation of advanced lesions characterized by necrotic cores, to lesion regression following aggressive lipid lowering. This review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of these different aspects of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis, new exciting concepts and potential targets for intervention are emerging.Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, we introduce the concepts of (1) intracellular immunometabolism-the canonical pathways of intrinsic cell activation leading to changes in intracellular metabolism, which in turn alter cellular function; and (2) intercellular immunometabolism-conditions in which intermediates of cellular metabolism are transferred from one cell to another, thereby altering the function of the recipient cell. The recent discovery that the metabolite cargo of dead and dying cells ingested through efferocytosis by macrophages can alter metabolic pathways and downstream function of the efferocyte is markedly changing the way we think about macrophage immunometabolism. Metabolic transitions of macrophages contribute to their functions in all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion initiation to formation of advanced lesions characterized by necrotic cores, to lesion regression following aggressive lipid lowering. This review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of these different aspects of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis, new exciting concepts and potential targets for intervention are emerging.
Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review article, part of the , we introduce the concepts of (1) intracellular immunometabolism-the canonical pathways of intrinsic cell activation leading to changes in intracellular metabolism, which in turn alter cellular function; and (2) intercellular immunometabolism-conditions in which intermediates of cellular metabolism are transferred from one cell to another, thereby altering the function of the recipient cell. The recent discovery that the metabolite cargo of dead and dying cells ingested through efferocytosis by macrophages can alter metabolic pathways and downstream function of the efferocyte is markedly changing the way we think about macrophage immunometabolism. Metabolic transitions of macrophages contribute to their functions in all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion initiation to formation of advanced lesions characterized by necrotic cores, to lesion regression following aggressive lipid lowering. This review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of these different aspects of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis, new exciting concepts and potential targets for intervention are emerging.
Author Tabas, Ira
Bornfeldt, Karin E
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ira
  surname: Tabas
  fullname: Tabas, Ira
  organization: From the Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY (I.T.)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Karin E
  surname: Bornfeldt
  fullname: Bornfeldt, Karin E
  organization: Department of Medicine, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (K.E.B.)
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324504$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNUMtOwzAQtFARfcAngHLkkuJnEh-jqNBIRUgFDpwi23FoUGwHOznw96SiIC47u6PRaGaXYGad1QBcI7hGKEF3Rbkv9pvnfJtPN18TxDjhZ2CBGKYxZSma_dvnYBnCB4SIEswvwJxggimDdAHeSjt4oXTXjZ3wkbB1NDHa_zF56LUaQuSa6FEo7_qDeNdRacxondGDkK5rg4laG-XDQXsXVHecbbgE543ogr464Qq83m9eim28e3ooi3wXK4ZxFivSwITqhGEJudICSZZizbMG1iyBik1dUUpIAokgkqEMS4Ub0kyQSUpTjlfg9se39-5z1GGoTBuO8YXVbgwVJpxmHKIET9Kbk3SURtdV71sj_Ff1-w78DeVfZWc
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s00259_021_05447_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pharmthera_2022_108176
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2024_1446964
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41392_023_01452_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e41495
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202207066
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2024_114607
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11883_024_01229_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phymed_2024_155410
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2023_114426
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abb_2025_110316
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12951_021_01047_4
crossref_primary_10_1097_IN9_0000000000000032
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arabjc_2023_104796
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2023_128270
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1225178
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13050756
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1395716
crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_121_316233
crossref_primary_10_1002_jev2_12345
crossref_primary_10_1093_pnasnexus_pgaf153
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2024_112996
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconrel_2025_113757
crossref_primary_10_1096_fj_202100086RR
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2024_118556
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2022_04_004
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms252111386
crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16091321
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41423_021_00791_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abb_2022_109430
crossref_primary_10_1177_15353508241280573
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22073334
crossref_primary_10_1093_ehjopen_oeab022
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnesp_2025_01_026
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2021_105699
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2025_107634
crossref_primary_10_1002_ardp_202400459
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1555438
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10753_025_02270_z
crossref_primary_10_20900_immunometab20210017
crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCRESAHA_121_320704
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1446268
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells12182262
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11883_025_01324_9
crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1261781
crossref_primary_10_1111_imm_13913
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2023_11_015
crossref_primary_10_3390_biology11010034
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mam_2021_100942
crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_122_318684
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1054014
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mam_2020_100922
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2022_106364
crossref_primary_10_1002_ame2_12266
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jlr_2025_100899
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vph_2024_107419
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2021_691824
crossref_primary_10_2147_JIR_S330147
crossref_primary_10_3892_ijmm_2025_5621
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2024_107289
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_110546
crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_1097706
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_868788
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12951_024_02939_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_cells13110889
crossref_primary_10_1111_sji_13174
crossref_primary_10_3892_ijmm_2023_5337
crossref_primary_10_1002_cph4_70008
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1403150
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202412815
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41569_024_01108_9
crossref_primary_10_15252_emmm_202217198
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms222212451
crossref_primary_10_3390_ph18081113
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1607932
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12933_025_02603_0
crossref_primary_10_1002_jgm_3626
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tcb_2022_06_001
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40001_024_01739_1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12350_020_02479_5
crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_123_319663
crossref_primary_10_34133_research_0679
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_arcmed_2025_103300
crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_2547588
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42255_025_01354_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phymed_2025_156439
crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_00595_24
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_021_03392_8
crossref_primary_10_1093_rb_rbad047
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12964_025_02055_9
crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehaf523
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2022_106081
crossref_primary_10_1042_BST20220441
crossref_primary_10_1097_MOL_0000000000000778
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13293_024_00652_w
crossref_primary_10_1002_cti2_1222
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12011_024_04335_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semcdb_2021_06_023
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1604652
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jlr_2024_100730
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ymgme_2021_11_006
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2020_09_132
crossref_primary_10_3390_biology14060675
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202302918
crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2107682118
crossref_primary_10_1093_cvr_cvae050
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pbio_3001516
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2021_08_010
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_901166
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13020_023_00758_0
crossref_primary_10_1002_adma_202401361
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajpath_2025_05_014
crossref_primary_10_1002_JLB_6MR0522_685R
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12950_023_00330_5
crossref_primary_10_1002_smll_202104471
crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13487
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmet_2020_09_013
crossref_primary_10_1002_adhm_202400919
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmet_2021_08_001
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10753_023_01926_y
crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2024_1473709
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12265_024_10585_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13081474
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phymed_2021_153812
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_109691
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24097910
crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2300209
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpharm_2025_126122
crossref_primary_10_4103_JHCR_JHCR_10_23
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202506345
crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_665782
crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCRESAHA_120_316994
crossref_primary_10_1038_s42255_024_01015_w
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2025_151537
crossref_primary_10_1177_00033197221111860
crossref_primary_10_20900_immunometab20200028
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22073513
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2022_108994
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_841545
crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202503192
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12915_023_01540_2
ContentType Journal Article
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315939
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 1524-4571
ExternalDocumentID 32324504
Genre Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS
  grantid: P30 DK017047
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 HL126028
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: P01 HL092969
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 HL127464
– fundername: NIDDK NIH HHS
  grantid: DP3 DK108209
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: P01 HL087123
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: R35 HL145228
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
  grantid: R21 AI135447
– fundername: NHLBI NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 HL127694
GroupedDBID ---
-~X
.-D
.3C
.Z2
01R
0R~
18M
1J1
29B
2WC
40H
4Q1
4Q2
4Q3
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
71W
77Y
7O~
AAAAV
AAAXR
AAGIX
AAHPQ
AAIQE
AAMOA
AAMTA
AAQKA
AARTV
AASCR
AASOK
AAXQO
ABASU
ABBUW
ABDIG
ABJNI
ABOCM
ABQRW
ABVCZ
ABXVJ
ABZAD
ACDDN
ACEWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIJW
ACILI
ACLDA
ACNWC
ACPRK
ACWDW
ACWRI
ACXJB
ACXNZ
ADBBV
ADGGA
ADHPY
AE3
AE6
AENEX
AFDTB
AFUWQ
AGINI
AHMBA
AHOMT
AHQNM
AHVBC
AIJEX
AINUH
AJCLO
AJIOK
AJNWD
AJZMW
AKCTQ
AKULP
ALKUP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALMTX
AMJPA
AMKUR
AMNEI
AOHHW
AWKKM
BAWUL
BOYCO
BQLVK
C45
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DIK
DIWNM
DU5
E.X
E3Z
EBS
ECM
EEVPB
EIF
EJD
ERAAH
EX3
F2K
F2L
F2M
F2N
F5P
FCALG
FL-
FRP
GNXGY
GQDEL
GX1
H0~
HLJTE
HZ~
IKREB
IKYAY
IN~
IPNFZ
JK3
JK8
K8S
KD2
KMI
KQ8
L-C
L7B
N9A
NPM
N~7
N~B
O9-
OAG
OAH
OB2
ODA
OK1
OL1
OLG
OLH
OLU
OLV
OLW
OLY
OLZ
OPUJH
OVD
OVDNE
OVIDH
OVLEI
OWW
OWY
OXXIT
P2P
PQQKQ
RAH
RHF
RIG
RLZ
S4R
S4S
T8P
TEORI
TR2
TSPGW
UPT
V2I
VVN
W3M
W8F
WH7
WOQ
WOW
X3V
X3W
YFH
YOC
ZFV
7X8
ABPXF
ABZZY
ACZKN
ADGHP
ADKSD
ADSXY
AFBFQ
AOQMC
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c5228-c3f064e652b09cea1b572e98f0d560c51611733603a3b5182bc2f3f2bc8b44792
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 180
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=00003012-202004240-00008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1524-4571
IngestDate Mon Sep 08 13:33:39 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:28:30 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 9
Keywords atherosclerosis
cardiovascular disease
macrophage
lipids
oxygen consumption
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5228-c3f064e652b09cea1b572e98f0d560c51611733603a3b5182bc2f3f2bc8b44792
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315939
PMID 32324504
PQID 2394890162
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2394890162
pubmed_primary_32324504
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-April-24
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-04-24
PublicationDate_xml – month: 04
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-April-24
  day: 24
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Circulation research
PublicationTitleAlternate Circ Res
PublicationYear 2020
SSID ssj0014329
Score 2.654662
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 1209
SubjectTerms Animals
Arteries - immunology
Arteries - metabolism
Arteries - pathology
Atherosclerosis - immunology
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Energy Metabolism
Humans
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - metabolism
Macrophages - pathology
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
Signal Transduction
Title Intracellular and Intercellular Aspects of Macrophage Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324504
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2394890162
Volume 126
WOSCitedRecordID wos00003012-202004240-00008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dS8MwEA_qRHzx-2N-EcHXsDYfbfMkZTi2h40hCvOpJGmCA9dOO_37vXSdexPBl5QGSpPr9e53d0l-CN0Z8DsuDzjhsRCEh2FElM4t0aFzTAvDNc9rsol4NEomEzluEm5Vs6xyZRNrQ52XxufIO57COwHnFdH7-TvxrFG-utpQaGyiFgMo47U6nqyrCJzVLGXgomAsIg6bHTwAcjrdwWMXppj2U7iXELkKyX5BmbW36e3_d5wHaK_BmThdKsYh2rDFEdoZNpX0Y_Qy8Fldn7b361CxKnJcJwd_etJ6D2aFS4eHyvN8vYLlwQO_naSc2QXoztu0muFpgVOPIcsKXgPttDpBz72Hp26fNDQLxAD4SohhDnCJjQTVgTRWhVrE1MrEBTnAISNAXKE_NDFgCr4exCPaUMccXBLNeSzpKdoqysKeIywVoEeahP6MGR65RFrBI8NMYLkCKJO30e1KaBmosZ-SKmz5WWVrsbXR2VLy2Xx53kbGPOoTAb_4w9OXaJf6iBi0j_Ir1HLwE9trtG2-FtPq46bWD2hH4-E337DEJQ
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intracellular+and+Intercellular+Aspects+of+Macrophage+Immunometabolism+in+Atherosclerosis&rft.jtitle=Circulation+research&rft.au=Tabas%2C+Ira&rft.au=Bornfeldt%2C+Karin+E&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft.issn=1524-4571&rft.eissn=1524-4571&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1209&rft_id=info:doi/10.1161%2FCIRCRESAHA.119.315939&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1524-4571&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1524-4571&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1524-4571&client=summon