Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers. A First Report From a Living Systematic Review and meta-Analysis

Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are impo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Safety and health at work Jg. 13; H. 3; S. 263 - 268
Hauptverfasser: Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa, Nkambule, Sphamandla Josias, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni, Mhango, Malizgani, Iradukunda, Patrick Gad, Chitungo, Itai, Dzobo, Mathias, Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul, Chingombe, Innocent, Mashora, Moreblessing, Madziva, Roda, Herrera, Helena, Makanda, Pelagia, Atwine, James, Mbunge, Elliot, Musuka, Godfrey, Murewanhema, Grant, Ngara, Bernard
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Korea (South) Elsevier B.V 01.09.2022
Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute
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ISSN:2093-7911, 2093-7997
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Abstract Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and critically analyze the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) the PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design, and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment, performing tracheal intubation, and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported the use of protective personal equipment were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01–1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This article presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies; however, it revealed a significant insight into better understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection. CRD42020193508 available for public comments via the link below https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193508).
AbstractList Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and critically analyze the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) the PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design, and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment, performing tracheal intubation, and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported the use of protective personal equipment were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01–1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This article presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies; however, it revealed a significant insight into better understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020193508 available for public comments via the link below https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193508).
Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and critically analyze the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) the PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design, and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment, performing tracheal intubation, and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported the use of protective personal equipment were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01–1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This article presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies; however, it revealed a significant insight into better understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection. CRD42020193508 available for public comments via the link below https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193508).
Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, to enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis to summarise and critically analyse the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among health care workers with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio or harzard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment (PPE), performing tracheal intubation (PTI) and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported use PPE were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01-1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This paper presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies, however, it revealed a significant insight to better understand COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection.
Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and critically analyze the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) the PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design, and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment, performing tracheal intubation, and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported the use of protective personal equipment were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01-1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This article presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies; however, it revealed a significant insight into better understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection.Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, thus demonstrating the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs. Factors that expose HCWs to a differentially high-risk of COVID-19 acquisition are important to elucidate, enable appropriate public health interventions to mitigate against high risk and reduce adverse outcomes from the infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and critically analyze the existing evidence on SARS-CoV-2 risk factors among HCWs. With no geographical limitation, we included studies, in any country, that reported (i) the PCR laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as an independent variable (ii) one or more COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs with risk estimates (relative risk, odds ratio, or hazard ratio) (iii) original, quantitative study design, and published in English or Mandarian. Our initial search resulted in 470 articles overall, however, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Out of the 10 studies included in the review, inadequate/lack of protective personal equipment, performing tracheal intubation, and gender were the most common risk factors of COVID-19. Based on the random effects adjusted pooled relative risk, HCWs who reported the use of protective personal equipment were 29% (95% CI: 16% to 41%) less likely to test positive for COVID-19. The study also revealed that HCWs who performed tracheal intubations were 34% (95% CI: 14% to 57%) more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Interestingly, this study showed that female HCWs are at 11% higher risk (RR 1.11 95% CI 1.01-1.21) of COVID-19 than their male counterparts. This article presents initial findings from a living systematic review and meta-analysis, therefore, did not yield many studies; however, it revealed a significant insight into better understanding COVID-19 risk factors among HCWs; insights important for devising preventive strategies that protect them from this infection.CRD42020193508 available for public comments via the link below https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193508).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020193508 available for public comments via the link below https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020193508).
Author Mashora, Moreblessing
Iradukunda, Patrick Gad
Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni
Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa
Atwine, James
Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul
Makanda, Pelagia
Murewanhema, Grant
Mbunge, Elliot
Ngara, Bernard
Herrera, Helena
Musuka, Godfrey
Mhango, Malizgani
Chitungo, Itai
Chingombe, Innocent
Dzobo, Mathias
Madziva, Roda
Nkambule, Sphamandla Josias
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-9929-5739
  surname: Dzinamarira
  fullname: Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa
  email: anthonydzina@gmail.com, u19395419@up.ac.za
  organization: School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sphamandla Josias
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7770-6931
  surname: Nkambule
  fullname: Nkambule, Sphamandla Josias
  organization: Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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  organization: School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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  givenname: Patrick Gad
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0236-7776
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  organization: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
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  organization: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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  surname: Dzobo
  fullname: Dzobo, Mathias
  organization: School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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  givenname: Munyaradzi Paul
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7777-9492
  surname: Mapingure
  fullname: Mapingure, Munyaradzi Paul
  organization: ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Innocent
  surname: Chingombe
  fullname: Chingombe, Innocent
  organization: ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
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  givenname: Moreblessing
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8242-0169
  surname: Mashora
  fullname: Mashora, Moreblessing
  organization: Department of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kigali, Rwanda
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  givenname: Roda
  surname: Madziva
  fullname: Madziva, Roda
  organization: School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Helena
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0107-8128
  surname: Herrera
  fullname: Herrera, Helena
  organization: School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Pelagia
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0569-2408
  surname: Makanda
  fullname: Makanda, Pelagia
  organization: Department of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
– sequence: 14
  givenname: James
  surname: Atwine
  fullname: Atwine, James
  organization: Department of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Elliot
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4504-6697
  surname: Mbunge
  fullname: Mbunge, Elliot
  organization: Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Accounting and Informatics, Durban University of Technology, P O Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Godfrey
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9077-4429
  surname: Musuka
  fullname: Musuka, Godfrey
  organization: ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Grant
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7531-730X
  surname: Murewanhema
  fullname: Murewanhema, Grant
  organization: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Bernard
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8355-5954
  surname: Ngara
  fullname: Ngara, Bernard
  organization: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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2022 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
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Issue 3
Keywords COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
systematic review
healthcare worker
risk factor
Healthcare worker
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
2022 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
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  year: 2022
  text: 2022-09-01
  day: 01
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PublicationTitle Safety and health at work
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Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute
Elsevier
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Snippet Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population,...
Health care workers (HCWs) are more than ten times more likely to be infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population, thus demonstrating the burden...
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SubjectTerms COVID-19
healthcare worker
Review
risk factor
SARS-CoV-2
systematic review
Title Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers. A First Report From a Living Systematic Review and meta-Analysis
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