Intermittent water supply : a South African perspective

The prevalence of intermittent water supply in South Africa was investigated in this research study. Data on intermittent water supply in South Africa was collated by considering the following four sources: a targeted water services provider survey; published databases and related reports; open-acce...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water S. A. Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 1 - 9
Main Authors: Loubser, Carlo, Chimbanga, Bubala Mwiinga, Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Gezina Water Research Commission (WRC) 01.01.2021
Water Research Commission
Subjects:
ISSN:0378-4738, 1816-7950
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract The prevalence of intermittent water supply in South Africa was investigated in this research study. Data on intermittent water supply in South Africa was collated by considering the following four sources: a targeted water services provider survey; published databases and related reports; open-access publications, such as online media articles; and field visits by the project team to selected areas. The data were spatially and temporally analysed to determine the prevalence of intermittent water supply. The population afected by intermittent water supply increased by ~26% between 2008 and 2017, which exceeds the population increase of ~12% over the same period. Moreover, 22 million people in South Africa were afected by intermittent water supply in 2017. Results from this study confirm an increased prevalence of intermittent water supply over time and show that 65 of the 231 municipalities in South Africa supplied water intermittently, 32 had continuous water supply and 134 had no data. Fundamentally, the outcomes highlight the widespread occurrence of intermittent water supply in South Africa, which is in line with the poor state of water services delivery in South Africa, as portrayed in the 2018 National Water and Sanitation Master Plan by the national Department of Water and Sanitation.
AbstractList The prevalence of intermittent water supply in South Africa was investigated in this research study. Data on intermittent water supply in South Africa was collated by considering the following four sources: a targeted water services provider survey; published databases and related reports; open-access publications, such as online media articles; and field visits by the project team to selected areas. The data were spatially and temporally analysed to determine the prevalence of intermittent water supply. The population affected by intermittent water supply increased by ~26% between 2008 and 2017, which exceeds the population increase of ~12% over the same period. Moreover, 22 million people in South Africa were affected by intermittent water supply in 2017. Results from this study confirm an increased prevalence of intermittent water supply over time and show that 65 of the 231 municipalities in South Africa supplied water intermittently, 32 had continuous water supply and 134 had no data. Fundamentally, the outcomes highlight the widespread occurrence of intermittent water supply in South Africa, which is in line with the poor state of water services delivery in South Africa, as portrayed in the 2018 National Water and Sanitation Master Plan by the national Department of Water and Sanitation.
The prevalence of intermittent water supply in South Africa was investigated in this research study. Data on intermittent water supply in South Africa was collated by considering the following four sources: a targeted water services provider survey; published databases and related reports; open-access publications, such as online media articles; and field visits by the project team to selected areas. The data were spatially and temporally analysed to determine the prevalence of intermittent water supply. The population afected by intermittent water supply increased by ~26% between 2008 and 2017, which exceeds the population increase of ~12% over the same period. Moreover, 22 million people in South Africa were afected by intermittent water supply in 2017. Results from this study confirm an increased prevalence of intermittent water supply over time and show that 65 of the 231 municipalities in South Africa supplied water intermittently, 32 had continuous water supply and 134 had no data. Fundamentally, the outcomes highlight the widespread occurrence of intermittent water supply in South Africa, which is in line with the poor state of water services delivery in South Africa, as portrayed in the 2018 National Water and Sanitation Master Plan by the national Department of Water and Sanitation.
Audience Academic
Author Loubser, Carlo
Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus
Chimbanga, Bubala Mwiinga
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Carlo
  surname: Loubser
  fullname: Loubser, Carlo
  organization: University of Stellenbosch
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Bubala Mwiinga
  surname: Chimbanga
  fullname: Chimbanga, Bubala Mwiinga
  organization: University of Stellenbosch
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Heinz Erasmus
  surname: Jacobs
  fullname: Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus
  organization: University of Stellenbosch
BookMark eNotkF1LwzAUhoNMcJv-BKHgdbt8NEnj3RhTBwMv1OuQtCeuY0trk274741OzsXhfLzn8D4zNPGdB4TuCS6IJFwtzsEsKKakOJWyaEmhyhJfoSmpiMil4niCppjJKi8lq27QLIQ9xpSxUk2R3PgIw7GNEXzMziYVWRj7_vCdPWYme-vGuMuWbmhr47MehtBDHdsT3KJrZw4B7v7zHH08rd9XL_n29XmzWm7zmlMSc07B2ZJhagVUTSOEISAdx6UF4Zi0AtcWaKWMrVRtrHBSidJYyohpKmcJm6OHy91-6L5GCFHvu3Hw6aWmnHGVXCcrc1Rctj7NAXTrXRcHU6do4NjWiZZrU38puKKCJWRJsL4IgrGth6iDgX60ehdjH_SuOeid8U3S_M4I5hRr2Nf6j0_QCbP2RBvCfgDUGnXZ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3389_frsc_2023_1185747
crossref_primary_10_4102_apsdpr_v10i1_641
crossref_primary_10_2166_wh_2025_386
crossref_primary_10_1111_wej_12983
crossref_primary_10_1080_1573062X_2022_2075764
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2021 Water Research Commission
2021. This work is published under http://www.wrc.org.za/water-sa/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2021 Water Research Commission
– notice: 2021. This work is published under http://www.wrc.org.za/water-sa/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID 3V.
7QH
7ST
7T7
7UA
7XB
88I
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FK
8G5
ABJCF
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKSAR
C1K
CCPQU
CWDGH
DWQXO
F1W
FR3
GNUQQ
GUQSH
H97
HCIFZ
L.G
L6V
LK8
M2O
M2P
M7P
M7S
MBDVC
P64
PATMY
PCBAR
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PTHSS
PYCSY
Q9U
SOI
DOI 10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i1.9440
DatabaseName ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Aqualine
Environment Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Water Resources Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Technology collection
Natural Science Collection
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
SciTech Premium Collection
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Biological Sciences
Research Library
Science Database (subscription)
Biological Science Database
Engineering Database
Research Library (Corporate)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database (ProQuest)
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Collection
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
Environment Abstracts
DatabaseTitle Publicly Available Content Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Essentials
SciTech Premium Collection
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
Water Resources Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Natural Science Collection
Biological Science Collection
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
ProQuest Central (New)
Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
ProQuest Technology Collection
Biological Science Database
Aqualine
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
Chemistry
EISSN 1816-7950
EndPage 9
ExternalDocumentID A659263715
https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-waters-v47-n1-a1
GeographicLocations South Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: South Africa
GroupedDBID -OY
123
1RI
29R
2WC
2XV
4JU
4P2
6SC
7XC
88I
8CJ
8FE
8FG
8FH
8G5
8R4
8R5
A8Z
AAFWJ
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGOD
ACIHN
ACIWK
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFRAH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ANHLU
APOWU
ATCPS
AZFZN
AZQEC
BAIFH
BBNVY
BBTPI
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BKSAR
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CWDGH
D1J
D1K
DWQXO
E3Z
EBD
EBS
ECGQY
EJD
ESX
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
IAO
ITC
JRA
K6-
KQ8
KWQ
L6V
LK5
LK8
M2O
M2P
M7P
M7R
M7S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PATMY
PCBAR
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
PV9
PYCSY
Q2X
RFP
RNS
RXW
RZL
SCD
TR2
TUS
XSB
~8M
3V.
7QH
7ST
7T7
7UA
7XB
8FD
8FK
C1K
F1W
FR3
H97
L.G
MBDVC
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
Q9U
SOI
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-52efb4302b6e8dd66a1e7f504be6f37b60cbe289ab89cab6f7964ab231ad8fb13
IEDL.DBID M7S
ISICitedReferencesCount 16
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000627558900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0378-4738
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 19:14:45 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 10:08:13 EST 2025
Thu Nov 27 13:21:38 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c521t-52efb4302b6e8dd66a1e7f504be6f37b60cbe289ab89cab6f7964ab231ad8fb13
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535902102?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2535902102
PQPubID 54184
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2535902102
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A659263715
sabinet_saepub_https_hdl_handle_net_10520_ejc_waters_v47_n1_a1
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Gezina
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Gezina
PublicationTitle Water S. A.
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Water Research Commission (WRC)
Water Research Commission
Publisher_xml – name: Water Research Commission (WRC)
– name: Water Research Commission
SSID ssj0023349
ssj0002145297
Score 2.3367107
Snippet The prevalence of intermittent water supply in South Africa was investigated in this research study. Data on intermittent water supply in South Africa was...
SourceID proquest
gale
sabinet
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Database industry
Developing countries
Drinking water
Industrialized nations
Infrastructure
IWS
Jurisdiction
LDCs
Level of service
Management
municipal water provision
Municipalities
Rural areas
Sanitation
Service provision
South Africa
Surveying
Urban areas
Water
water services provider
Water shortages
Water supply
Title Intermittent water supply : a South African perspective
URI https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-waters-v47-n1-a1
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535902102
Volume 47
WOSCitedRecordID wos000627558900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20050101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: PCBAR
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Environmental Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: PATMY
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Middle East & Africa Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: CWDGH
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/middleeastafrica
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Research Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: M2O
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Science Database (subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1816-7950
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023349
  issn: 0378-4738
  databaseCode: M2P
  dateStart: 20090101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NT9VAEJ_wYQIeBFHCQyA9mHjq47Xbt9vloEECgQPPRjTB02a_Gp-Rgq8V4n_vzHafcDBcuMyl3aaZ_Zj5zc7MD-BtIR0aBs1TXLt1WuTOplJokUp0dXNrZemsC2QTYjIpLy9lFQNubUyrnJ-J4aB215Zi5Pv5mFGnEbSHH25-pcQaRberkUJjEZapS0IeUvcu_gEuxnr3lwmKILEyVvAINOH7d60m4J8NbwsxnGZDWRT_OZbRK6ZOt43vHlidk7Wn_u86vIj-ZnLYL5CXsOCbDVg5mtO8bcDzBx0JXwEPEcKraYeudJfcoSM6S1oi_vxzkOgk8O0lPbVQk9zc12m-hq8nx1-OTtNIrZBaYjBA-OlrU7BRbrgvneNcZ17U41FhPK-ZMHxkjUcspk0prTa8popVbdAZ1K6sTcY2Yam5bvwWJGPDeO3tWBK4McJphJTOGIvAMJNajAbwjpSqaMN0M211zPvH0dR6Sh3SxS5nOCkD2JmrUsWd1Kp7PQ7gfZwL1WqqGAwlSa367n6qviWFomcZZfYo_8OqoKRW4QSrJlM62378-29glRZEH1_ZgaVu9tvvwjN7203b2R4sfzyeVJ_3AmhHeZ5_CrIiKXp5gW9VZ-fVt7-gHN9d
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1NTxRBEK0AmqAHVJSwgtoHjadZdqZnu6dJ1BCUQMCNCZhwa_trwhodYGfczf4pfyNV8yEciDcOnCfTyXTVVL1X3VUP4G2qPCYGIyL03TxKE-8iJY2MFELdxDmVeedrsQk5GmWnp-rbAvztemHoWmUXE-tA7c8d1ci3kiGnSSOYDz9dXEakGkWnq52ERuMWh2E-Q8pWfjj4jPZ9lyR7X05296NWVSByNLwfmVfIbcoHiRUh814IEweZDwepDSLn0oqBswFpiLGZcsaKnJo1jUUcZHyW25jjuovwIKXoX18VPP5H8Dhv4DaXVLHiWdsxJBEybM1KQ4WGuD9NZX8c91Wa3pIGEIXTZN0iVDey3N6T-7Y_T2GlxdNsp_kBnsFCKFZhebeTsVuFxzcmLj4HUVdAf48rpAoVmyHQnrCShE3n28ywWk-QNdJJBbu47kN9Ad_v5CPWYKk4L8I6sKHlIg9uqIi8WekNUmZvrUPiGysjBz14T0bUFBCqiXGm7WvAt2m0lt6hg2vB0Ql6sNmZTreRotTXduvBx9b2ujTUEVm3XJX6zP_SzcgNTc9iurmkw0-n600qNTqULmJt4pf_X_8NLO-ffD3SRwejww14RM7Y1JI2Yama_Amv4KGbVuNy8rr2agY_7tpNrgBu8zey
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VFFE48ChFpBTYA4iTk9jr7HqRAIWUiKooihBIvS37sggCt8Ruo_41fh0zftAeELceOFu25J1vZ-ab3ZkP4FmqPAYGIyLEbh6liXeRkkZGClPdxDmVeedrsQk5n2dHR2qxAb-6Xhi6Vtn5xNpR-2NHNfJhMuY0aQTj4TBvr0Us9mdvTn5GpCBFJ62dnEYDkcNwvkb6Vr462EdbP0-S2btP0_dRqzAQORrkjyws5Dblo8SKkHkvhImDzMej1AaRc2nFyNmAlMTYTDljRU6Nm8ZiTmR8ltuY43evwWYmcN_0YHMxfTv5-Ifucd4k31xS_Ypnbf-QxARiuC4NlR3iwVkqB8t4oNL0L0EBc3Kas1uE6lLMm935n1frLtxuM202abbGPdgIxTZsTTuBu224dWkW430QdW30x7JCElGxNabgK1aS5On5S2ZYrTTIGlGlgp1cdKjuwOcr-YkH0CuOi_AQ2NhykQc3VkTrrPQGybS31iEljpWRoz68IINqchXVyjjTdjzg2zR0S0_oSFtwBEQf9joz6taHlPrChn143eJAl4Z6JetmrFJ_9d91M4xD07OY7jTp8M3pepFKjeDSRaxNvPvv7z-FG4gO_eFgfvgIbhIumyLTHvSq1Wl4DNfdWbUsV09aiDP4ctU4-Q1bHEGi
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intermittent+water+supply+%3A+a+South+African+perspective&rft.jtitle=Water+SA&rft.au=Loubser%2C+Carlo&rft.au=Chimbanga%2C+Bubala+Mwiinga&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Heinz+Erasmus&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.pub=Water+Research+Commission+%28WRC%29&rft.issn=0378-4738&rft.eissn=1816-7950&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=9&rft_id=info:doi/10.17159%2Fwsa%2F2021.v47.i1.9440&rft.externalDocID=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10520%2Fejc-waters-v47-n1-a1
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0378-4738&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0378-4738&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0378-4738&client=summon