Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Beilstein journal of nanotechnology Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 1174 - 1196
Main Authors: Atif, Rasheed, Inam, Fawad
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Germany Beilstein-Institut 2016
Subjects:
agglomeration
carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
dispersion state
Full Research Paper
multilayered graphene (MLG)
Nanoscience
Nanotechnology
polymer nanocomposites
multilayered graphene (MLG)
agglomeration
carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
dispersion state
polymer nanocomposites
ISSN:2190-4286, 2190-4286
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.
AbstractList One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.
One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The agglomeration can be avoided by using organic solvents, selecting suitable dispersion and production methods, and functionalizing the fillers. Another proposed method is the use of hybrid fillers as synergistic effects can cause an improvement in the dispersion state of the fillers. In this review article, various aspects of each process that can help avoid filler agglomeration and improve dispersion state are discussed in detail. This review article would be helpful for both current and prospective researchers in the field of MLG- and CNT-based polymer nanocomposites to achieve maximum enhancement in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of produced polymer nanocomposites.
Author Inam, Fawad
Atif, Rasheed
AuthorAffiliation 1 Northumbria University, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Northumbria University, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Rasheed
  surname: Atif
  fullname: Atif, Rasheed
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Fawad
  surname: Inam
  fullname: Inam, Fawad
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27826492$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptkt9vFCEQx4mpsbX2zWezjz70TmB_sPtiYpqqTZqYmPaZDDDscWHhhF2T---ld7VpjfAAGT7znWFm3pKTEAMS8p7RdS06_kltA4S4FmtGh1fkjLOBrhredyfP7qfkIuctLauhvB_6N-SUi553zcDPiPmJkGPIFQRTJZzQOMyVjamaN1jBOPo4YYLZxVBFW02Ln52HPSY01Zhgt8GAB18NSRXmIZ15UUXDhWoX_b5453fktQWf8eLxPCf3X6_vrr6vbn98u7n6crvSLafzSjBbCy2GThluGNWqZkIrMMoYTlVXPoyqb6kVFmrVUmMs5wi6aYeBo7FNfU5ujromwlbukpsg7WUEJw-GmEYJaXbao-SU61KMBmsrmo7pElL0VrXCAKBpWdH6fNTaLapURWOYE_gXoi9fgtvIMf6WLe15zboi8PFRIMVfC-ZZTi5r9B4CxiVL1tcDo6Lsgn54HuspyN82FeDyCOgUc05onxBG5cMgyOMgSFEMQ8H5P7h286GHJVPn_-_0B3lxu2w
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_35638_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_aoc_4804
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2024_110433
crossref_primary_10_1002_adpr_202200023
crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_70043
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apmt_2025_102882
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfin_2025_106753
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42823_020_00164_8
crossref_primary_10_1108_MMMS_07_2018_0139
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2022_104931
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_103711
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym17101416
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compstruct_2020_112314
crossref_primary_10_2166_wst_2021_166
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpowsour_2023_232632
crossref_primary_10_1088_2057_1976_aae1cc
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202306014
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_09_812
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compositesa_2024_108380
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molliq_2025_127681
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_colsurfa_2024_135314
crossref_primary_10_1061_JMCEE7_MTENG_15322
crossref_primary_10_3390_catal12121548
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bioadv_2022_213228
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_55824
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2020_108345
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_susmat_2023_e00736
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymertesting_2020_106547
crossref_primary_10_1515_polyeng_2020_0228
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano12244431
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compositesa_2023_107741
crossref_primary_10_1080_15440478_2022_2146830
crossref_primary_10_3762_bjnano_9_153
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiec_2024_07_021
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202001076
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42114_024_01074_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_memsci_2019_117457
crossref_primary_10_1039_C8CY01999A
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_019_04192_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inoche_2021_108630
crossref_primary_10_1088_2051_672X_aca493
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2021_11_044
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10854_022_07854_1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10854_020_02868_z
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jobe_2024_108859
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10853_017_1523_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10853_017_0833_z
crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202404581
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_13536_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2025_135865
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_07_069
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_synthmet_2017_03_002
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fuel_2024_131580
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2020_04_294
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_polymertesting_2022_107866
crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_29738
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10854_019_01706_1
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_52175
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_55045
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10965_025_04286_3
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0223785
crossref_primary_10_1002_chem_202301604
crossref_primary_10_3390_app8122651
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00289_021_03574_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compstruct_2020_112337
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cplett_2018_05_034
crossref_primary_10_1080_1478422X_2020_1767322
crossref_primary_10_3390_met7100384
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42114_021_00332_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2024_104174
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10965_020_2014_z
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym13223948
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bios_2021_113620
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nanoms_2021_07_004
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10311_022_01403_2
crossref_primary_10_1177_14644207231178606
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jelechem_2022_117018
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physb_2020_412628
crossref_primary_10_3390_agronomy10050639
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2019_100690
crossref_primary_10_1177_0892705719886012
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsaenm_4c00820
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16030422
crossref_primary_10_3390_s21237873
crossref_primary_10_1002_eom2_12083
crossref_primary_10_3390_nano13081391
crossref_primary_10_1002_admi_202100229
crossref_primary_10_1177_08927057221086833
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11837_018_3274_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym9060193
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym13111764
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_48375
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym14132559
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2018_09_008
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42247_025_01135_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2019_107781
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2020_108276
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cplett_2019_136621
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diamond_2020_108074
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compscitech_2025_111203
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_engfracmech_2020_107197
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11029_019_09838_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2018_01_109
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compositesb_2019_05_071
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2023_145865
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seppur_2020_117332
crossref_primary_10_1177_0021998318816784
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2019_107654
crossref_primary_10_1080_09243046_2025_2511413
crossref_primary_10_2298_TSCI2503679Z
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11581_022_04679_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eurpolymj_2024_112943
crossref_primary_10_4028_p_Qz5qTs
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcs7100431
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma13163602
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2024_110903
crossref_primary_10_1177_0954406220907369
crossref_primary_10_1080_09276440_2025_2547145
crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_29993
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_020_10348_4
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_49296
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2025_183837
crossref_primary_10_3390_gels9020155
crossref_primary_10_3390_jcs4020044
crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2023_1299166
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14102535
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2023_144995
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matlet_2018_10_030
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_commatsci_2024_113337
crossref_primary_10_1177_00219983211031633
crossref_primary_10_1002_pen_25045
crossref_primary_10_1088_2053_1583_ab1e0a
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2019_12_282
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16172449
crossref_primary_10_32604_cmes_2025_060222
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10904_019_01346_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_coco_2024_102196
crossref_primary_10_3762_bjnano_8_74
crossref_primary_10_3389_fmats_2020_00276
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jestch_2017_12_005
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_carbon_2020_08_040
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym13010084
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16050583
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2020_145518
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_025_10350_3
crossref_primary_10_1002_admt_202001026
crossref_primary_10_1080_20550324_2018_1558798
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10008_017_3801_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matlet_2024_136646
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28124677
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11705_022_2159_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_catal12080851
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym13183126
crossref_primary_10_1515_corrrev_2018_0097
crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202128702013
crossref_primary_10_1080_03602559_2017_1298804
crossref_primary_10_1098_rsos_170778
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_inoche_2024_113642
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_47251
crossref_primary_10_1177_0021998316679017
crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes11080641
crossref_primary_10_1002_app_56066
crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2021_638744
crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_25448
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ultsonch_2021_105479
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2025_113886
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_porgcoat_2023_108146
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2021_125774
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtice_2018_08_034
crossref_primary_10_1088_2632_959X_abaafd
crossref_primary_10_1080_15583724_2023_2262558
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym12061304
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijleo_2021_167724
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmatprotec_2019_04_040
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6528_ada6be
crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202303261
crossref_primary_10_1002_adfm_202306785
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma14102585
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_electacta_2019_04_174
crossref_primary_10_3390_encyclopedia4040120
crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202001540
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biotechadv_2023_108297
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_colsurfa_2018_11_044
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2025_105290
crossref_primary_10_1177_0021998319857807
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym11030435
crossref_primary_10_1002_pc_25564
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physe_2022_115165
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma12010052
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10934_018_0644_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11665_021_06139_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diamond_2024_111438
Cites_doi 10.1103/PhysRevB.30.3933
10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.013
10.1002/app.37904
10.1021/jp308556r
10.1007/s10853-011-5922-9
10.1016/j.microrel.2011.11.002
10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.07.011
10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.027
10.1039/C4RA15881D
10.1021/jp200686k
10.1002/smll.200901480
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645862.001.0001
10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.12.018
10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.016
10.1039/c3ta01700a
10.1038/318162a0
10.1002/mame.201200123
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.141
10.1039/C5TC01552A
10.1039/C4RA00518J
10.1002/pat.3256
10.1021/acsami.5b06476
10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.03.020
10.1088/0957-4484/23/21/215501
10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.042
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.033
10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.023
10.1063/1.126500
10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.008
10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.017
10.1038/srep04375
10.1186/1556-276X-6-610
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.034
10.1007/s10853-014-8665-6
10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.022
10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.57
10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.023
10.1088/0957-4484/21/4/045704
10.1063/1.3223783
10.1021/la950671o
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050
10.1126/science.265.5176.1212
10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.11.005
10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.003
10.1021/jp400237m
10.1002/pen.23292
10.1007/s10118-014-1488-8
10.1007/s12221-014-0326-5
10.1081/AMP-200068659
10.1063/1.4892089
10.1038/nnano.2009.191
10.1002/adma.200400133
10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.05.009
10.1590/S0104-14282008000100015
10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245433
10.1021/ie400483x
10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.002
10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3717
10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.003
10.1088/0256-307X/31/7/078102
10.1088/0965-0393/19/5/054003
10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.054
10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.062
10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.027
10.1002/pc.22972
10.1039/C5RA00233H
10.1038/nmat2011
10.1007/s00289-014-1280-5
10.1002/adma.201402987
10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.018
10.1039/C3CS60217F
10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1853::AID-ANIE1853>3.0.CO;2-N
10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.024
10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.65
10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.02.003
10.1002/adfm.200700065
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.08.032
10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.016
10.1038/nature05545
10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.014
10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.010
10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.07.002
10.1002/app.35413
10.1063/1.4736572
10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.159
10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.10.005
10.1007/s11051-012-1196-7
10.1021/nn100661a
10.1007/s10853-012-6720-8
10.1016/j.matdes.2006.09.022
10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.1465
10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.11.017
10.1039/c1cp20504h
10.1039/C3PY00878A
10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.013
10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00356-6
10.1039/C5RA01967B
10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.074
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.10.052
10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.044
10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.12.002
10.1002/smll.201403466
10.1111/ffe.12191
10.1038/363603a0
10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.006
10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.01.001
10.1039/c1jm11434d
10.1016/S1872-5805(08)60034-7
10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.56
10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.043
10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.032
10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.02.001
10.1016/j.carbon.2006.02.038
10.1016/j.carbon.2005.03.039
10.1021/nn405148t
10.1126/science.280.5367.1253
10.1021/cm501473t
10.1016/S1007-0214(10)70040-7
10.1088/0957-4484/18/37/375602
10.1021/ma0205055
10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.052
10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.12.011
10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00139-6
10.1021/cm020975d
10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.018
10.1039/c0jm01620a
10.1039/C5RA08010J
10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.054
10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.08.002
10.1039/C5RA09410K
10.1038/363605a0
10.1021/am502574j
10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.026
10.1038/354056a0
10.1002/app.38645
10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01013-7
10.3938/jkps.59.2760
10.1080/01694243.2014.904766
10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.030
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.12.041
10.1103/PhysRevB.28.3799
10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.07.059
10.1088/0957-4484/25/12/125707
10.1016/0008-6223(95)00017-8
10.1126/science.1078842
10.1021/nn5047585
10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.06.021
10.1002/pc.22425
10.1155/2013/493147
10.1039/c3ra40404h
10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.045
10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.012
10.1039/C5TA00722D
10.1007/s10853-013-7478-3
10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1412
10.1039/c3nr01471a
10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.51
10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.018
10.1039/C4TA02429J
10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.073
10.1002/app.40565
10.1016/0001-6160(83)90046-9
10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.005
10.1021/nn100883p
10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.047
10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.036
10.1021/ja905968v
10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.10.008
10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00094-X
10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.070
10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.007
10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.095
10.1103/PhysRevB.43.3331
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.065
10.1002/adfm.201103041
10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.029
10.1039/C3PY00963G
10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.012
10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6748282
10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.003
10.1002/pi.4763
10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00166-4
10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.034
10.1038/srep02086
10.1007/s10854-011-0499-2
10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.028
10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.040
10.1002/pen.21445
10.1016/j.carbon.2005.05.037
10.1039/C5RA13897C
10.1039/C5RA24039E
10.1002/app.40236
10.1016/0001-6160(83)90047-0
10.1021/jz3015869
10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.021
10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.11.015
10.4236/graphene.2016.52011
10.1021/nn1009352
10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.024
10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.11.003
10.1002/mame.201200043
10.1039/c3ta01277h
10.1002/chem.200903259
10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.09.015
10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.007
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.12.038
10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.029
10.1002/app.34891
10.1039/c4ta00584h
10.1007/s10853-014-8296-y
10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.05.017
10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.050
10.1103/PhysRevB.53.6209
10.1016/j.carbon.2015.07.026
10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.059
10.1016/j.elecom.2013.07.013
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2016, Atif and Inam 2016 Atif and Inam
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2016, Atif and Inam 2016 Atif and Inam
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3762/bjnano.7.109
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2190-4286
EndPage 1196
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_202c2894e3f7461cbd278fb57daaed51
PMC5082316
27826492
10_3762_bjnano_7_109
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
88I
8FE
8FG
AAFWJ
AAKDD
AAYXX
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGOD
ADBBV
ADDVE
ADRAZ
AENEX
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
ARAPS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFMQW
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
DWQXO
FRP
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HYE
IPNFZ
KQ8
M2P
M48
M~E
OK1
P62
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
RIG
RNS
RPM
~9O
NPM
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-71f37c796bd2d10cb317cbadbdd20b6376eb850f7fa3b50ddf22eac45992edf43
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 250
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000381335300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2190-4286
IngestDate Mon Nov 10 04:34:14 EST 2025
Tue Nov 04 01:46:19 EST 2025
Thu Oct 02 05:11:41 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 06:58:53 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:42:00 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:10:24 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords multilayered graphene (MLG)
agglomeration
carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
dispersion state
polymer nanocomposites
Language English
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)
This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c520t-71f37c796bd2d10cb317cbadbdd20b6376eb850f7fa3b50ddf22eac45992edf43
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Tel.: +44 1912273741
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/202c2894e3f7461cbd278fb57daaed51
PMID 27826492
PQID 1839107070
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 23
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_202c2894e3f7461cbd278fb57daaed51
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5082316
proquest_miscellaneous_1839107070
pubmed_primary_27826492
crossref_primary_10_3762_bjnano_7_109
crossref_citationtrail_10_3762_bjnano_7_109
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2016-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2016-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2016
  text: 2016-00-00
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Germany
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Germany
– name: Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
PublicationTitle Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
PublicationTitleAlternate Beilstein J Nanotechnol
PublicationYear 2016
Publisher Beilstein-Institut
Publisher_xml – name: Beilstein-Institut
References ref57
ref207
ref208
ref59
ref205
ref58
ref206
ref53
ref203
ref52
ref204
ref55
ref201
ref54
ref202
ref209
ref210
ref211
ref51
ref46
ref218
ref45
ref219
ref48
ref216
ref47
ref217
ref42
ref41
ref215
ref44
ref212
ref43
ref213
ref49
ref8
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref100
ref221
ref101
ref40
ref220
ref35
ref34
ref37
ref36
ref31
ref30
ref33
ref32
ref39
ref38
Warner (ref6) 2013
ref24
ref23
ref26
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
ref28
ref27
ref29
ref200
ref128
ref129
ref97
ref126
ref96
ref127
ref99
ref124
ref98
ref125
ref93
ref133
ref92
ref134
ref95
ref131
ref94
ref132
ref130
ref91
ref90
ref89
ref139
ref86
ref137
ref85
ref138
ref88
ref135
ref87
ref136
Hoang (ref198) 2011; 59
Loos (ref50) 2008; 18
ref82
ref144
ref81
ref145
ref84
ref142
ref83
ref143
ref140
ref141
ref80
ref79
ref108
ref78
ref109
ref106
ref107
ref75
ref104
ref74
ref105
ref77
ref102
ref76
ref103
ref71
ref111
ref70
ref112
ref73
ref72
ref110
ref68
ref119
ref67
ref117
ref69
ref118
ref64
ref115
ref63
ref116
ref66
ref113
ref65
ref114
ref60
ref122
ref123
ref62
ref120
ref61
ref121
ref168
ref169
ref170
ref177
ref178
ref175
ref176
ref173
ref174
ref171
ref172
ref179
ref180
ref181
ref188
ref189
ref186
ref187
ref184
ref185
ref182
ref183
ref148
ref149
ref146
ref147
ref155
ref156
ref153
ref154
ref151
ref152
ref150
ref159
ref157
ref158
ref166
ref167
ref164
ref165
ref162
ref163
ref160
ref161
ref13
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref11
ref10
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
Mancinelli (ref214) 2013
ref2
Wongbong (ref5) 2012
ref1
Mikhail (ref7) 2012
ref191
ref192
ref190
ref199
ref197
ref195
ref196
ref193
ref194
24826777 - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Jun 25;6(12):9890-6
17787587 - Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1212-4
18602533 - Anal Chim Acta. 2008 Aug 1;622(1-2):11-47
21513335 - J Phys Chem B. 2011 May 19;115(19):6279-88
19873970 - J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Nov 25;131(46):16832-7
23804026 - Sci Rep. 2013;3:2086
25290080 - ACS Nano. 2014 Oct 28;8(10):10920-30
21701746 - Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Aug 7;13(29):13216-21
17891144 - Nat Mater. 2007 Nov;6(11):858-61
10031025 - Phys Rev Lett. 1985 Apr 1;54(13):1412-1415
19750614 - Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2002 Jun 3;41(11):1853-9
19924737 - Small. 2010 Jan;6(2):179-83
24577240 - Nanotechnology. 2014 Mar 28;25(12):125707
17330039 - Nature. 2007 Mar 1;446(7131):60-3
22551654 - Nanotechnology. 2012 Jun 1;23(21):215501
20568708 - ACS Nano. 2010 Jul 27;4(7):4256-64
24625497 - Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 14;4:4375
22133094 - Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Dec 01;6:610
9596576 - Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1253-6
9997643 - Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1991 Feb 1;43(4):3331-3336
9982020 - Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1996 Mar 1;53(10):6209-6214
20373309 - Chemistry. 2010 May 10;16(18):5246-59
19734927 - Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Sep;4(9):562-6
20009203 - Nanotechnology. 2010 Jan 29;21(4):045704
24380430 - ACS Nano. 2014 Jan 28;8(1):563-71
21726071 - ACS Nano. 2011 Aug 23;5(8):6102-8
23695448 - Nanoscale. 2013 Jul 7;5(13):5863-71
12610297 - Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1361
24002478 - Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Jan 7;43(1):381-98
26296034 - J Phys Chem Lett. 2012 Nov 1;3(21):3228-33
25641827 - Small. 2015 Jun 10;11(22):2661-8
26331902 - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Sep 30;7(38):21455-64
25237785 - Adv Mater. 2014 Nov 19;26(43):7317-23
20503982 - ACS Nano. 2010 Jun 22;4(6):3527-33
References_xml – ident: ref165
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.30.3933
– ident: ref209
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.013
– ident: ref215
  doi: 10.1002/app.37904
– ident: ref196
  doi: 10.1021/jp308556r
– ident: ref216
  doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5922-9
– ident: ref193
  doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2011.11.002
– ident: ref187
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.07.011
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.08.027
– ident: ref178
  doi: 10.1039/C4RA15881D
– ident: ref77
  doi: 10.1021/jp200686k
– ident: ref104
  doi: 10.1002/smll.200901480
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645862.001.0001
– ident: ref99
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.12.018
– ident: ref57
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.016
– ident: ref112
  doi: 10.1039/c3ta01700a
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1038/318162a0
– ident: ref94
  doi: 10.1002/mame.201200123
– ident: ref174
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.141
– ident: ref183
  doi: 10.1039/C5TC01552A
– ident: ref186
  doi: 10.1039/C4RA00518J
– ident: ref152
  doi: 10.1002/pat.3256
– ident: ref207
  doi: 10.1021/acsami.5b06476
– volume-title: Graphene: Fundamentals and Emergent Applications
  year: 2013
  ident: ref6
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.03.020
– ident: ref63
  doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/21/215501
– ident: ref119
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.042
– ident: ref154
  doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.02.033
– ident: ref188
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.023
– ident: ref144
  doi: 10.1063/1.126500
– ident: ref201
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.008
– ident: ref189
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.017
– ident: ref147
  doi: 10.1038/srep04375
– ident: ref197
  doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-6-610
– ident: ref116
  doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.03.034
– ident: ref177
  doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8665-6
– ident: ref117
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.022
– ident: ref184
  doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.57
– ident: ref84
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.04.023
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/4/045704
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1063/1.3223783
– ident: ref170
  doi: 10.1021/la950671o
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.050
– ident: ref140
  doi: 10.1126/science.265.5176.1212
– ident: ref212
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.11.005
– ident: ref40
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.003
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1021/jp400237m
– ident: ref105
  doi: 10.1002/pen.23292
– ident: ref211
  doi: 10.1007/s10118-014-1488-8
– ident: ref148
  doi: 10.1007/s12221-014-0326-5
– ident: ref115
  doi: 10.1081/AMP-200068659
– ident: ref110
  doi: 10.1063/1.4892089
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.191
– ident: ref109
  doi: 10.1002/adma.200400133
– ident: ref79
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.05.009
– volume-title: Graphene: Carbon in Two Dimensions
  year: 2012
  ident: ref7
– volume: 18
  start-page: 76
  year: 2008
  ident: ref50
  publication-title: Polimeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia
  doi: 10.1590/S0104-14282008000100015
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.245433
– ident: ref95
  doi: 10.1021/ie400483x
– ident: ref91
  doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.002
– ident: ref172
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3717
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.02.003
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/31/7/078102
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1088/0965-0393/19/5/054003
– ident: ref90
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.054
– ident: ref157
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.062
– ident: ref44
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.027
– ident: ref185
  doi: 10.1002/pc.22972
– ident: ref208
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA00233H
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1038/nmat2011
– ident: ref176
  doi: 10.1007/s00289-014-1280-5
– ident: ref69
  doi: 10.1002/adma.201402987
– ident: ref92
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.018
– ident: ref75
  doi: 10.1039/C3CS60217F
– ident: ref126
  doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020603)41:11<1853::AID-ANIE1853>3.0.CO;2-N
– ident: ref173
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.024
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.65
– ident: ref108
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.02.003
– ident: ref219
  doi: 10.1002/adfm.200700065
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.08.032
– ident: ref58
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.016
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1038/nature05545
– ident: ref83
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.014
– ident: ref129
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.010
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.07.002
– ident: ref68
  doi: 10.1002/app.35413
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1063/1.4736572
– ident: ref159
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.159
– ident: ref135
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.10.005
– ident: ref195
  doi: 10.1007/s11051-012-1196-7
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1021/nn100661a
– ident: ref74
  doi: 10.1007/s10853-012-6720-8
– ident: ref138
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.09.022
– ident: ref167
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.1465
– ident: ref60
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.11.017
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1039/c1cp20504h
– ident: ref150
  doi: 10.1039/C3PY00878A
– ident: ref59
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.013
– ident: ref52
  doi: 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00356-6
– ident: ref179
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA01967B
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.074
– ident: ref192
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.10.052
– ident: ref36
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.044
– ident: ref45
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.12.002
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1002/smll.201403466
– ident: ref87
  doi: 10.1111/ffe.12191
– ident: ref38
  doi: 10.1038/363603a0
– ident: ref97
  doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.006
– ident: ref205
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.01.001
– ident: ref163
  doi: 10.1039/c1jm11434d
– ident: ref131
  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(08)60034-7
– ident: ref191
  doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.56
– ident: ref64
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.043
– ident: ref62
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.032
– ident: ref132
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.02.001
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.02.038
– ident: ref130
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.03.039
– ident: ref71
  doi: 10.1021/nn405148t
– ident: ref121
  doi: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1253
– ident: ref199
  doi: 10.1021/cm501473t
– ident: ref141
  doi: 10.1016/S1007-0214(10)70040-7
– ident: ref139
  doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/37/375602
– ident: ref137
  doi: 10.1021/ma0205055
– ident: ref103
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.052
– ident: ref120
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.12.011
– ident: ref128
  doi: 10.1016/S0008-6223(99)00139-6
– ident: ref124
  doi: 10.1021/cm020975d
– ident: ref41
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.018
– ident: ref102
  doi: 10.1039/c0jm01620a
– ident: ref180
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA08010J
– ident: ref114
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.054
– ident: ref93
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.08.002
– ident: ref181
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA09410K
– ident: ref39
  doi: 10.1038/363605a0
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1021/am502574j
– ident: ref107
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.026
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1038/354056a0
– ident: ref46
  doi: 10.1002/app.38645
– ident: ref136
  doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)01013-7
– volume: 59
  start-page: 2760
  year: 2011
  ident: ref198
  publication-title: Journal of the Korean Physical Society
  doi: 10.3938/jkps.59.2760
– ident: ref210
  doi: 10.1080/01694243.2014.904766
– ident: ref122
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.030
– ident: ref218
  doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.12.041
– ident: ref166
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.28.3799
– ident: ref213
  doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.07.059
– ident: ref164
  doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/12/125707
– ident: ref43
  doi: 10.1016/0008-6223(95)00017-8
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1126/science.1078842
– ident: ref72
  doi: 10.1021/nn5047585
– ident: ref162
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.06.021
– ident: ref65
  doi: 10.1002/pc.22425
– ident: ref106
  doi: 10.1155/2013/493147
– ident: ref161
  doi: 10.1039/c3ra40404h
– ident: ref81
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.045
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9
– ident: ref118
  doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.012
– ident: ref182
  doi: 10.1039/C5TA00722D
– ident: ref155
  doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7478-3
– ident: ref168
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1412
– ident: ref190
  doi: 10.1039/c3nr01471a
– ident: ref160
  doi: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.51
– ident: ref142
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.018
– ident: ref153
  doi: 10.1039/C4TA02429J
– ident: ref55
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.073
– ident: ref70
  doi: 10.1002/app.40565
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(83)90046-9
– ident: ref51
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.005
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1021/nn100883p
– ident: ref82
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.047
– ident: ref204
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.036
– ident: ref76
  doi: 10.1021/ja905968v
– ident: ref89
  doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.10.008
– ident: ref42
  doi: 10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00094-X
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.070
– ident: ref149
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.007
– ident: ref200
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.095
– ident: ref169
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.43.3331
– ident: ref175
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.065
– ident: ref49
  doi: 10.1002/adfm.201103041
– ident: ref54
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.029
– ident: ref158
  doi: 10.1039/C3PY00963G
– ident: ref125
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.012
– start-page: 772
  year: 2013
  ident: ref214
  publication-title: Annual Report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena
  doi: 10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6748282
– ident: ref98
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.02.003
– ident: ref145
  doi: 10.1002/pi.4763
– ident: ref220
  doi: 10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00166-4
– ident: ref88
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.034
– ident: ref146
  doi: 10.1038/srep02086
– ident: ref48
  doi: 10.1007/s10854-011-0499-2
– ident: ref123
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.028
– ident: ref101
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.040
– ident: ref217
  doi: 10.1002/pen.21445
– ident: ref127
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.05.037
– ident: ref221
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA13897C
– ident: ref143
  doi: 10.1039/C5RA24039E
– ident: ref151
  doi: 10.1002/app.40236
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(83)90047-0
– volume-title: Graphene Synthesis and Applications
  year: 2012
  ident: ref5
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1021/jz3015869
– ident: ref96
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.021
– ident: ref111
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.11.015
– ident: ref133
  doi: 10.4236/graphene.2016.52011
– ident: ref78
  doi: 10.1021/nn1009352
– ident: ref203
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.11.024
– ident: ref202
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.11.003
– ident: ref156
  doi: 10.1002/mame.201200043
– ident: ref61
  doi: 10.1039/c3ta01277h
– ident: ref73
  doi: 10.1002/chem.200903259
– ident: ref100
  doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.09.015
– ident: ref53
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.007
– ident: ref113
  doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.12.038
– ident: ref194
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.07.029
– ident: ref67
  doi: 10.1002/app.34891
– ident: ref86
  doi: 10.1039/c4ta00584h
– ident: ref85
  doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8296-y
– ident: ref47
  doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.05.017
– ident: ref80
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.050
– ident: ref171
  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.6209
– ident: ref206
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.07.026
– ident: ref134
  doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.059
– ident: ref66
  doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.07.013
– reference: 10031025 - Phys Rev Lett. 1985 Apr 1;54(13):1412-1415
– reference: 9596576 - Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1253-6
– reference: 19734927 - Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Sep;4(9):562-6
– reference: 26331902 - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Sep 30;7(38):21455-64
– reference: 18602533 - Anal Chim Acta. 2008 Aug 1;622(1-2):11-47
– reference: 19924737 - Small. 2010 Jan;6(2):179-83
– reference: 9997643 - Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1991 Feb 1;43(4):3331-3336
– reference: 25641827 - Small. 2015 Jun 10;11(22):2661-8
– reference: 24380430 - ACS Nano. 2014 Jan 28;8(1):563-71
– reference: 19750614 - Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2002 Jun 3;41(11):1853-9
– reference: 24826777 - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Jun 25;6(12):9890-6
– reference: 24625497 - Sci Rep. 2014 Mar 14;4:4375
– reference: 21701746 - Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2011 Aug 7;13(29):13216-21
– reference: 21513335 - J Phys Chem B. 2011 May 19;115(19):6279-88
– reference: 17891144 - Nat Mater. 2007 Nov;6(11):858-61
– reference: 17787587 - Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1212-4
– reference: 25237785 - Adv Mater. 2014 Nov 19;26(43):7317-23
– reference: 20009203 - Nanotechnology. 2010 Jan 29;21(4):045704
– reference: 20503982 - ACS Nano. 2010 Jun 22;4(6):3527-33
– reference: 25290080 - ACS Nano. 2014 Oct 28;8(10):10920-30
– reference: 22133094 - Nanoscale Res Lett. 2011 Dec 01;6:610
– reference: 9982020 - Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1996 Mar 1;53(10):6209-6214
– reference: 23695448 - Nanoscale. 2013 Jul 7;5(13):5863-71
– reference: 20373309 - Chemistry. 2010 May 10;16(18):5246-59
– reference: 12610297 - Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1361
– reference: 24002478 - Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Jan 7;43(1):381-98
– reference: 20568708 - ACS Nano. 2010 Jul 27;4(7):4256-64
– reference: 24577240 - Nanotechnology. 2014 Mar 28;25(12):125707
– reference: 22551654 - Nanotechnology. 2012 Jun 1;23(21):215501
– reference: 17330039 - Nature. 2007 Mar 1;446(7131):60-3
– reference: 23804026 - Sci Rep. 2013;3:2086
– reference: 19873970 - J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Nov 25;131(46):16832-7
– reference: 26296034 - J Phys Chem Lett. 2012 Nov 1;3(21):3228-33
– reference: 21726071 - ACS Nano. 2011 Aug 23;5(8):6102-8
SSID ssj0000402898
Score 2.5244074
Snippet One of the main issues in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the dispersion state of filler as multilayered graphene (MLG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 1174
SubjectTerms agglomeration
carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
dispersion state
Full Research Paper
multilayered graphene (MLG)
Nanoscience
Nanotechnology
polymer nanocomposites
Title Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27826492
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1839107070
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5082316
https://doaj.org/article/202c2894e3f7461cbd278fb57daaed51
Volume 7
WOSCitedRecordID wos000381335300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ISSN International Center)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Continental Europe Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: BFMQW
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/conteurope
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2190-4286
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000402898
  issn: 2190-4286
  databaseCode: M2P
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lj9MwEB7BwoE9IN5kgcpIcEJZEieOkyOLtgKJVmEFonCJ_FyKqmTVB9L-e2acbNUiEBcuiZQ4jjMztr-xJ98AvEhtnkrFfYzGoePccROXhVSx12Wa-EyXxgRNf5DTaTmbVfVOqi-KCevpgXvBkXNu0CnIXeZlXqRGWy5Lr4W0Sjkbfp7miHp2nKkwBue0gxbS0dG_0oixiz7qHfsTf61_tKrtjuVxiEPcmY8Cbf-fsObvIZM7c9D4DtwewCN70zf6Llxz7T043KEUvA_2zCmE0CumWsto7Y-iBBkiU4ZIj6nz80VHy1CkDtZ5FuIJF-qSMnayQF6NY1941qilxjL0CeuNxjrmLbvoFpe0zv0APo9PP719Fw-ZFGIjeLKOZeozaWRVoPRsmhiNqMFoZbW1PNEFCsXpUiReepVpkVjrOccRORdVxZ31efYQDtqudY-BoUPmK1-YwjifJ0qqPDVSeCsKrLUUIoJXV_JszEAzTtkuFg26GyT9ppd-I2nzO4KX29IXPb3GX8qdkGq2ZYgUO1xAU2kGU2n-ZSoRPL9SbIOdiHZGVOu6zaohmJgS8VESwaNe0dtXYR0IGisegdwzgb227N9p598DUbegbcy0OPofjX8CtxCrDas_T-Fgvdy4Z3DT_FzPV8sRXJezcgQ3Tk6n9Rmdx5OPX0ahT-Bxwms81uIb3qnfT-qvvwCacBam
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reasons+and+remedies+for+the+agglomeration+of+multilayered+graphene+and+carbon+nanotubes+in+polymers&rft.jtitle=Beilstein+journal+of+nanotechnology&rft.au=Atif%2C+Rasheed&rft.au=Inam%2C+Fawad&rft.date=2016&rft.pub=Beilstein-Institut&rft.eissn=2190-4286&rft.volume=7&rft.spage=1174&rft.epage=1196&rft_id=info:doi/10.3762%2Fbjnano.7.109&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27826492&rft.externalDocID=PMC5082316
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2190-4286&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2190-4286&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2190-4286&client=summon