Fatty acid biosynthesis revisited: structure elucidation and metabolic engineering

Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery. Fatty acid synthases resemble an iterative assembly line, with an acyl carrier protein conveying the growing fatty acid to necessary enzymatic domains for modification. Each catalytic domain is...

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Vydáno v:Molecular bioSystems Ročník 11; číslo 1; s. 38
Hlavní autoři: Beld, Joris, Lee, D John, Burkart, Michael D
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England 01.01.2015
Témata:
Acyl Carrier Protein - chemistry
Acyl Carrier Protein - metabolism
Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase - chemistry
Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase - metabolism
Acyltransferases - chemistry
Acyltransferases - metabolism
Biosynthetic Pathways
Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH) - chemistry
Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH) - metabolism
Fatty Acid Synthases - chemistry
Fatty Acid Synthases - metabolism
Fatty Acids - biosynthesis
Fatty Acids - chemistry
Fatty Acids - metabolism
Hydro-Lyases - chemistry
Hydro-Lyases - metabolism
Metabolic Engineering - methods
Thiolester Hydrolases - chemistry
Thiolester Hydrolases - metabolism
ISSN:1742-2051, 1742-2051
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Shrnutí:Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery. Fatty acid synthases resemble an iterative assembly line, with an acyl carrier protein conveying the growing fatty acid to necessary enzymatic domains for modification. Each catalytic domain is a unique enzyme spanning a wide range of folds and structures. Although they harbor the same enzymatic activities, two different types of fatty acid synthase architectures are observed in nature. During recent years, strained petroleum supplies have driven interest in engineering organisms to either produce more fatty acids or specific high value products. Such efforts require a fundamental understanding of the enzymatic activities and regulation of fatty acid synthases. Despite more than one hundred years of research, we continue to learn new lessons about fatty acid synthases' many intricate structural and regulatory elements. In this review, we summarize each enzymatic domain and discuss efforts to engineer fatty acid synthases, providing some clues to important challenges and opportunities in the field.
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ISSN:1742-2051
1742-2051
DOI:10.1039/c4mb00443d