Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived

The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified a...

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Published in:Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Vol. 42; no. 4; p. 698
Main Authors: Baena-Díez, Jose Miguel, Barroso, María, Cordeiro-Coelho, Sara Isabel, Díaz, Jorge L, Grau, María
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 23.11.2020
Subjects:
COVID-19 - economics
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease Outbreaks - economics
Female
Humans
Incidence
Income - statistics & numerical data
Male
Pandemics - economics
Poverty Areas
SARS-CoV-2
Social Class
Spain - epidemiology
Spain
COVID-19
socioeconomic factors
epidemiology
healthcare disparities
coronavirus infections
ISSN:1741-3850, 1741-3850
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Summary:The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho. The lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66-73) versus 28 (25-31), respectively]. The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas.
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ISSN:1741-3850
1741-3850
DOI:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa136