A cohort study of post-COVID-19 condition across the Beta, Delta, and Omicron waves in South Africa: 6-month follow-up of hospitalized and nonhospitalized participants

•A total of 47% of hospitalized and 19% of nonhospitalized participants had symptoms at 6 months.•There was no difference in persistent symptoms by HIV status.•There was a lower risk of persistent symptoms with infection during Omicron than Beta.•There were no associations between self-reported vacc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 128; pp. 102 - 111
Main Authors: Jassat, Waasila, Mudara, Caroline, Vika, Caroline, Welch, Richard, Arendse, Tracy, Dryden, Murray, Blumberg, Lucille, Mayet, Natalie, Tempia, Stefano, Parker, Arifa, Nel, Jeremy, Perumal, Rubeshan, Groome, Michelle J., Conradie, Francesca, Ndjeka, Norbert, Sigfrid, Louise, Merson, Laura, Cohen, Cheryl
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Canada Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2023
Elsevier
Subjects:
Adult
Cohort Studies
COVID-19
Female
Follow-Up Studies
HIV Infections
Humans
Long COVID
Omicron
Post-COVID-19 condition
Prospective Studies
Quality of Life
Risk factors
South Africa
Variants
South Africa
Variants
Post-COVID-19 condition
Omicron
Long COVID
Risk factors
ISSN:1201-9712, 1878-3511, 1878-3511
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•A total of 47% of hospitalized and 19% of nonhospitalized participants had symptoms at 6 months.•There was no difference in persistent symptoms by HIV status.•There was a lower risk of persistent symptoms with infection during Omicron than Beta.•There were no associations between self-reported vaccination status with persistent symptoms. The study aimed to describe the prevalence of and risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). This was a prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized adults were randomly selected to undergo telephone assessment at 1, 3, and 6 months. Participants were assessed using a standardized questionnaire for the evaluation of symptoms and health-related quality of life. We used negative binomial regression models to determine factors associated with the presence of ≥1 symptoms at 6 months. A total of 46.7% of hospitalized and 18.5% of nonhospitalized participants experienced ≥1 symptoms at 6 months (P ≤0.001). Among hospitalized people living with HIV, 40.4% had persistent symptoms compared with 47.1% among participants without HIV (P = 0.108). The risk factors for PCC included older age, female sex, non-Black race, presence of a comorbidity, greater number of acute COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization/COVID-19 severity, and wave period (lower risk of persistent symptoms for the Omicron compared with the Beta wave). There were no associations between self-reported vaccination status with persistent symptoms. The study revealed a high prevalence of persistent symptoms among South African participants at 6 months but decreased risk for PCC among participants infected during the Omicron BA.1 wave. These findings have serious implications for countries with resource-constrained health care systems.
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ISSN:1201-9712
1878-3511
1878-3511
DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.036