EGFR exon 20 insertions in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A new history begins

•EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations occur in ~2–3% of all NSCLC cases.•Activity of 1st to 3rd generation EGFR-TKI is less in EGFR ex20ins versus common mutations.•Osimertinib might play a role in the treatment of EGFR ex20ins mutations.•Poziotinib, mobocertinib and amivantamab are promising new EGFR e...

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Vydané v:Cancer treatment reviews Ročník 90; s. 102105
Hlavní autori: Remon, Jordi, Hendriks, Lizza E.L., Cardona, Andres F., Besse, Benjamin
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2020
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ISSN:0305-7372, 1532-1967, 1532-1967
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Abstract •EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations occur in ~2–3% of all NSCLC cases.•Activity of 1st to 3rd generation EGFR-TKI is less in EGFR ex20ins versus common mutations.•Osimertinib might play a role in the treatment of EGFR ex20ins mutations.•Poziotinib, mobocertinib and amivantamab are promising new EGFR ex20ins treatments.•The specific role of EGFR ex20ins variants merits further evaluation. Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.
AbstractList Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.
•EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations occur in ~2–3% of all NSCLC cases.•Activity of 1st to 3rd generation EGFR-TKI is less in EGFR ex20ins versus common mutations.•Osimertinib might play a role in the treatment of EGFR ex20ins mutations.•Poziotinib, mobocertinib and amivantamab are promising new EGFR ex20ins treatments.•The specific role of EGFR ex20ins variants merits further evaluation. Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.
Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.
ArticleNumber 102105
Author Besse, Benjamin
Hendriks, Lizza E.L.
Remon, Jordi
Cardona, Andres F.
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  surname: Remon
  fullname: Remon, Jordi
  email: jordi.remon@delfos.cat
  organization: Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (HM-CIOCC), Hospital HM Delfos, HM Hospitales, Barcelona, Spain
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  givenname: Lizza E.L.
  surname: Hendriks
  fullname: Hendriks, Lizza E.L.
  organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Andres F.
  surname: Cardona
  fullname: Cardona, Andres F.
  organization: Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
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  givenname: Benjamin
  surname: Besse
  fullname: Besse, Benjamin
  organization: Gustave Roussy, Department of Cancer Medicine, Villejuif, France
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979839$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Osimertinib
Poziotinib
TAK-788
EGFR exon 20 insertions
Amivantamab
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Snippet •EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations occur in ~2–3% of all NSCLC cases.•Activity of 1st to 3rd generation EGFR-TKI is less in EGFR ex20ins versus common...
Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic...
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SubjectTerms Amivantamab
Animals
Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - enzymology
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - genetics
Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
EGFR exon 20 insertions
ErbB Receptors - antagonists & inhibitors
ErbB Receptors - genetics
Exons
Genes, erbB-1
Humans
Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy
Lung Neoplasms - enzymology
Lung Neoplasms - genetics
Osimertinib
Poziotinib
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
TAK-788
Title EGFR exon 20 insertions in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A new history begins
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0305737220301432
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102105
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979839
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2446680437
Volume 90
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