Global carbon dioxide efflux from rivers enhanced by high nocturnal emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO 2 concentrations. Using...

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Vydáno v:	Nature geoscience Ročník 14; číslo 5; s. 289 - 294
Hlavní autoři:	Gómez-Gener, Lluís, Rocher-Ros, Gerard, Battin, Tom, Cohen, Matthew J., Dalmagro, Higo J., Dinsmore, Kerry J., Drake, Travis W., Duvert, Clément, Enrich-Prast, Alex, Horgby, Åsa, Johnson, Mark S., Kirk, Lily, Machado-Silva, Fausto, Marzolf, Nicholas S., McDowell, Mollie J., McDowell, William H., Miettinen, Heli, Ojala, Anne K., Peter, Hannes, Pumpanen, Jukka, Ran, Lishan, Riveros-Iregui, Diego A., Santos, Isaac R., Six, Johan, Stanley, Emily H., Wallin, Marcus B., White, Shane A., Sponseller, Ryan A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.05.2021 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	704/158/2445 704/286 704/47/4113 Atmosphere Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon dioxide fixation Carbon dioxide measurements Carbon sequestration Constraints Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth System Sciences Efflux Emission measurements Emissions Environmental Sciences Fluxes Geochemistry Geologi Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Miljövetenskap Night Nocturnal Oceans Photosynthesis Plant cover Rivers Running waters Shading Temporal variability Temporal variations Water colour
ISSN:	1752-0894, 1752-0908, 1752-0908
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Abstract	Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO 2 concentrations. Using a global compilation of high-frequency CO 2 measurements, we demonstrate that nocturnal CO 2 emissions are on average 27% (0.9 gC m −2 d −1 ) greater than those estimated from diurnal concentrations alone. Constraints on light availability due to canopy shading or water colour are the principal controls on observed diel (24 hour) variation, suggesting this nocturnal increase arises from daytime fixation of CO 2 by photosynthesis. Because current global estimates of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere from running waters (0.65–1.8 PgC yr −1 ) rely primarily on discrete measurements of dissolved CO 2 obtained during the day, they substantially underestimate the magnitude of this flux. Accounting for night-time CO 2 emissions may elevate global estimates from running waters to the atmosphere by 0.20–0.55 PgC yr −1 . Failing to account for emission differences between day and night will lead to an underestimate of global CO 2 emissions from rivers by up to 0.55 PgC yr –1 , according to analyses of high-frequency CO 2 measurements.
AbstractList	Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO2 concentrations. Using a global compilation of high-frequency CO2 measurements, we demonstrate that nocturnal CO2 emissions are on average 27% (0.9 gC m(-2) d(-1)) greater than those estimated from diurnal concentrations alone. Constraints on light availability due to canopy shading or water colour are the principal controls on observed diel (24 hour) variation, suggesting this nocturnal increase arises from daytime fixation of CO2 by photosynthesis. Because current global estimates of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from running waters (0.65-1.8 PgC yr(-1)) rely primarily on discrete measurements of dissolved CO2 obtained during the day, they substantially underestimate the magnitude of this flux. Accounting for night-time CO2 emissions may elevate global estimates from running waters to the atmosphere by 0.20-0.55 PgC yr(-1). Failing to account for emission differences between day and night will lead to an underestimate of global CO2 emissions from rivers by up to 0.55 PgC yr(-1), according to analyses of high-frequency CO2 measurements. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO2 concentrations. Using a global compilation of high-frequency CO2 measurements, we demonstrate that nocturnal CO2 emissions are on average 27% (0.9 gC m−2 d−1) greater than those estimated from diurnal concentrations alone. Constraints on light availability due to canopy shading or water colour are the principal controls on observed diel (24 hour) variation, suggesting this nocturnal increase arises from daytime fixation of CO2 by photosynthesis. Because current global estimates of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from running waters (0.65–1.8 PgC yr−1) rely primarily on discrete measurements of dissolved CO2 obtained during the day, they substantially underestimate the magnitude of this flux. Accounting for night-time CO2 emissions may elevate global estimates from running waters to the atmosphere by 0.20–0.55 PgC yr−1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO2 concentrations. Using a global compilation of high-frequency CO2 measurements, we demonstrate that nocturnal CO2 emissions are on average 27% (0.9 gC m−2 d−1) greater than those estimated from diurnal concentrations alone. Constraints on light availability due to canopy shading or water colour are the principal controls on observed diel (24 hour) variation, suggesting this nocturnal increase arises from daytime fixation of CO2 by photosynthesis. Because current global estimates of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from running waters (0.65–1.8 PgC yr−1) rely primarily on discrete measurements of dissolved CO2 obtained during the day, they substantially underestimate the magnitude of this flux. Accounting for night-time CO2 emissions may elevate global estimates from running waters to the atmosphere by 0.20–0.55 PgC yr−1.Failing to account for emission differences between day and night will lead to an underestimate of global CO2 emissions from rivers by up to 0.55 PgC yr–1, according to analyses of high-frequency CO2 measurements. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans. However, these fluxes remain poorly constrained because of substantial spatial and temporal variability in dissolved CO 2 concentrations. Using a global compilation of high-frequency CO 2 measurements, we demonstrate that nocturnal CO 2 emissions are on average 27% (0.9 gC m −2 d −1 ) greater than those estimated from diurnal concentrations alone. Constraints on light availability due to canopy shading or water colour are the principal controls on observed diel (24 hour) variation, suggesting this nocturnal increase arises from daytime fixation of CO 2 by photosynthesis. Because current global estimates of CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere from running waters (0.65–1.8 PgC yr −1 ) rely primarily on discrete measurements of dissolved CO 2 obtained during the day, they substantially underestimate the magnitude of this flux. Accounting for night-time CO 2 emissions may elevate global estimates from running waters to the atmosphere by 0.20–0.55 PgC yr −1 . Failing to account for emission differences between day and night will lead to an underestimate of global CO 2 emissions from rivers by up to 0.55 PgC yr –1 , according to analyses of high-frequency CO 2 measurements.
Author	Kirk, Lily Miettinen, Heli Battin, Tom McDowell, William H. Marzolf, Nicholas S. Dinsmore, Kerry J. Santos, Isaac R. Peter, Hannes Horgby, Åsa White, Shane A. Gómez-Gener, Lluís Dalmagro, Higo J. Enrich-Prast, Alex Sponseller, Ryan A. Machado-Silva, Fausto Riveros-Iregui, Diego A. Rocher-Ros, Gerard Johnson, Mark S. Ojala, Anne K. Stanley, Emily H. Wallin, Marcus B. Duvert, Clément McDowell, Mollie J. Cohen, Matthew J. Ran, Lishan Six, Johan Drake, Travis W. Pumpanen, Jukka
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Dalmagro fullname: Dalmagro, Higo J. organization: University of Cuiabá – sequence: 6 givenname: Kerry J. surname: Dinsmore fullname: Dinsmore, Kerry J. organization: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate – sequence: 7 givenname: Travis W. orcidid: 0000-0002-7564-974X surname: Drake fullname: Drake, Travis W. organization: Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich – sequence: 8 givenname: Clément orcidid: 0000-0002-9873-6846 surname: Duvert fullname: Duvert, Clément organization: Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University – sequence: 9 givenname: Alex surname: Enrich-Prast fullname: Enrich-Prast, Alex organization: Biogas Research Center and Department of Thematic Studies–Environmental Change, Linköping University, Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University – sequence: 10 givenname: Åsa orcidid: 0000-0002-6306-8323 surname: Horgby fullname: Horgby, Åsa organization: Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – sequence: 11 givenname: Mark S. orcidid: 0000-0001-5070-7539 surname: Johnson fullname: Johnson, Mark S. organization: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia – sequence: 12 givenname: Lily orcidid: 0000-0002-3821-3840 surname: Kirk fullname: Kirk, Lily organization: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida – sequence: 13 givenname: Fausto surname: Machado-Silva fullname: Machado-Silva, Fausto organization: Post-Graduate Program in Geosciences (Environmental Geochemistry), Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University – sequence: 14 givenname: Nicholas S. surname: Marzolf fullname: Marzolf, Nicholas S. organization: Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University – sequence: 15 givenname: Mollie J. orcidid: 0000-0002-3642-4783 surname: McDowell fullname: McDowell, Mollie J. organization: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia – sequence: 16 givenname: William H. orcidid: 0000-0002-8739-9047 surname: McDowell fullname: McDowell, William H. organization: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire – sequence: 17 givenname: Heli surname: Miettinen fullname: Miettinen, Heli organization: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 18 givenname: Anne K. surname: Ojala fullname: Ojala, Anne K. organization: Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki – sequence: 19 givenname: Hannes surname: Peter fullname: Peter, Hannes organization: Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne – sequence: 20 givenname: Jukka orcidid: 0000-0003-4879-3663 surname: Pumpanen fullname: Pumpanen, Jukka organization: Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 21 givenname: Lishan surname: Ran fullname: Ran, Lishan organization: Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong – sequence: 22 givenname: Diego A. surname: Riveros-Iregui fullname: Riveros-Iregui, Diego A. organization: Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill – sequence: 23 givenname: Isaac R. orcidid: 0000-0003-0524-842X surname: Santos fullname: Santos, Isaac R. organization: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg – sequence: 24 givenname: Johan surname: Six fullname: Six, Johan organization: Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich – sequence: 25 givenname: Emily H. orcidid: 0000-0003-4922-8121 surname: Stanley fullname: Stanley, Emily H. organization: Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison – sequence: 26 givenname: Marcus B. orcidid: 0000-0002-3082-8728 surname: Wallin fullname: Wallin, Marcus B. organization: Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 27 givenname: Shane A. orcidid: 0000-0003-4981-1077 surname: White fullname: White, Shane A. organization: National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University – sequence: 28 givenname: Ryan A. surname: Sponseller fullname: Sponseller, Ryan A. organization: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University
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Snippet	Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans.... Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere from running waters are estimated to be four times greater than the total carbon (C) flux to the oceans....
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SubjectTerms	704/158/2445 704/286 704/47/4113 Atmosphere Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations Carbon dioxide concentration Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon dioxide fixation Carbon dioxide measurements Carbon sequestration Constraints Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth System Sciences Efflux Emission measurements Emissions Environmental Sciences Fluxes Geochemistry Geologi Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Miljövetenskap Night Nocturnal Oceans Photosynthesis Plant cover Rivers Running waters Shading Temporal variability Temporal variations Water colour
Title	Global carbon dioxide efflux from rivers enhanced by high nocturnal emissions
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