Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural, and combination approaches are needed
HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; rev...
Saved in:
| Published in: | The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 376; no. 9737; pp. 285 - 301 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
2010
Elsevier |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0140-6736, 1474-547X, 1474-547X |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes, and antiretroviral treatment; model the effect of increased coverage and a combination of these three approaches on HIV transmission and prevalence in injecting drug users; and discuss evidence for structural-level interventions. Each intervention alone will achieve modest reductions in HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV transmission necessitates high-coverage and combined approaches. Social and structural changes are potentially beneficial components in a combined-intervention strategy, especially when scale-up is difficult or reductions in HIV transmission and injection risk are difficult to achieve. Although further evidence is needed on how to optimise combinations of interventions in different settings and epidemics, we know enough now about which actions are effective: the challenge is to deliver these well and to scale. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes, and antiretroviral treatment; model the effect of increased coverage and a combination of these three approaches on HIV transmission and prevalence in injecting drug users; and discuss evidence for structural-level interventions. Each intervention alone will achieve modest reductions in HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV transmission necessitates high-coverage and combined approaches. Social and structural changes are potentially beneficial components in a combined-intervention strategy, especially when scale-up is difficult or reductions in HIV transmission and injection risk are difficult to achieve. Although further evidence is needed on how to optimise combinations of interventions in different settings and epidemics, we know enough now about which actions are effective: the challenge is to deliver these well and to scale. Summary HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes, and antiretroviral treatment; model the effect of increased coverage and a combination of these three approaches on HIV transmission and prevalence in injecting drug users; and discuss evidence for structural-level interventions. Each intervention alone will achieve modest reductions in HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV transmission necessitates high-coverage and combined approaches. Social and structural changes are potentially beneficial components in a combined-intervention strategy, especially when scale-up is difficult or reductions in HIV transmission and injection risk are difficult to achieve. Although further evidence is needed on how to optimise combinations of interventions in different settings and epidemics, we know enough now about which actions are effective: the challenge is to deliver these well and to scale. HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes, and antiretroviral treatment; model the effect of increased coverage and a combination of these three approaches on HIV transmission and prevalence in injecting drug users; and discuss evidence for structural-level interventions. Each intervention alone will achieve modest reductions in HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV transmission necessitates high-coverage and combined approaches. Social and structural changes are potentially beneficial components in a combined-intervention strategy, especially when scale-up is difficult or reductions in HIV transmission and injection risk are difficult to achieve. Although further evidence is needed on how to optimise combinations of interventions in different settings and epidemics, we know enough now about which actions are effective: the challenge is to deliver these well and to scale.HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community (by sexual transmission). Here, we summarise evidence on the effectiveness of individual-level approaches to prevention of HIV infection; review global and regional coverage of opioid substitution treatment, needle and syringe programmes, and antiretroviral treatment; model the effect of increased coverage and a combination of these three approaches on HIV transmission and prevalence in injecting drug users; and discuss evidence for structural-level interventions. Each intervention alone will achieve modest reductions in HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV transmission necessitates high-coverage and combined approaches. Social and structural changes are potentially beneficial components in a combined-intervention strategy, especially when scale-up is difficult or reductions in HIV transmission and injection risk are difficult to achieve. Although further evidence is needed on how to optimise combinations of interventions in different settings and epidemics, we know enough now about which actions are effective: the challenge is to deliver these well and to scale. |
| Author | Mathers, Bradley Hickman, Matt Vickerman, Peter Latkin, Carl Rhodes, Tim Degenhardt, Louisa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Louisa surname: Degenhardt fullname: Degenhardt, Louisa email: l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au organization: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Bradley surname: Mathers fullname: Mathers, Bradley organization: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter surname: Vickerman fullname: Vickerman, Peter organization: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Tim surname: Rhodes fullname: Rhodes, Tim organization: Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Carl surname: Latkin fullname: Latkin, Carl organization: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Matt surname: Hickman fullname: Hickman, Matt organization: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23047319$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650522$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkV2L1DAUhoOsuLOrP0HpjbiC1SRNk1ZxRRZ1FxYU_MC7kCanbsZOUpN2ZPz1pp1xhQUZrxJOnvMkOe8ROnDeAUL3CX5KMOHPPmLCcM5FwU8IfsyxYDSvbqEFYYLlJRNfD9DiGjlERzEuMcaM4_IOOqSYl7ikdIF-fQiwBjdY7zLfZucXXzLrWtBzofUh68H3HWQ_r3w6WKaDzITxW3yeKptUMXZtzai6J1kcwqiHMUx75Uym_aqxTs0i1ffBK30FMVMBMgdgwNxFt1vVRbi3W4_R57dvPp2d55fv312cvb7MdUn4kPOyZY2pm6ZocFUZgSvKFKkpNaLChhnOBDEFKbhinFeCQVvQquJgSKu0bnVxjB5tvekNP0aIg1zZqKHrlAM_RilKVvKyLur9JKtqWgsqEvlgR47NCozsg12psJF_BpuAhztARa26NiinbfzLFZiJgkxXlltOBx9jgPYaIVhOQcs5aDmlOJXmoGWV-l7c6NN2mIc9BGW7vd2vtt2Q5r62EGTUFpwGY0OKWBpv9xpObxh0Z51NX_0OG4hLPwaXQpVERirxVjI5CJ4Nk-DlvwX_8YDfSO_pkQ |
| CODEN | LANCAO |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_018_3472_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_15316 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0029679 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2011_03_006 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001806 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2015_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_019_0350_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_09_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_09_013 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1001625 crossref_primary_10_1177_003335491212700607 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_015_0045_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2013_07_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0b013e32834bcb36 crossref_primary_10_1093_pubmed_fdv161 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_013_0196_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60928_2 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0125909 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsat_2021_108587 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12913_016_1905_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_016_0112_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2014_01_004 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13941 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000178 crossref_primary_10_1136_sextrans_2013_051195 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2017_12_013 crossref_primary_10_1080_16066359_2021_1900129 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fitote_2013_10_010 crossref_primary_10_1177_0963689719878380 crossref_primary_10_1186_1478_7547_12_25 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003272 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_025_04696_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2018_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2015_1046385 crossref_primary_10_1002_cl2_1026 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41572_019_0137_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_1467_9566_12978 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_12_025 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1521_0391_2013_00334_x crossref_primary_10_1186_1477_7517_11_4 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13597 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1259488 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_023_04254_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_023_04024_0 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e3283574e54 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_17_30073_5 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0068018 crossref_primary_10_1111_dar_13145 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_017_0142_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2016_02_020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsat_2012_11_002 crossref_primary_10_1108_IJPH_03_2017_0016 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_11_61138_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_jrh_12184 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000190 crossref_primary_10_3109_14659891_2016_1143046 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_014_0248_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2011_03602_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_012_0202_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsat_2022_108868 crossref_primary_10_2471_BLT_12_109553 crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_17_1_19005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_01_002 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_016_1362_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2215_0366_16_00013_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0063476 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_09_003 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000277 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2013_03_010 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2011_03515_x crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2015_1043313 crossref_primary_10_17730_humo_72_2_86005462778382u2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_016_0107_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_11_61423_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2014_05_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_61025_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_dar_12908 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2012_001465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_08_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2013_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_16_30325_5 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_cit377 crossref_primary_10_1093_epirev_mxab013 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12243 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaa130 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2019_05_010 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13338 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2014_06_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2019_01_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_abrep_2018_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000084 crossref_primary_10_1097_ADM_0000000000000606 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfda_2013_09_042 crossref_primary_10_1177_0956462417696432 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_013_0664_0 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0221637 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfda_2013_09_046 crossref_primary_10_1080_14635240_2021_1995464 crossref_primary_10_1080_17290376_2012_743787 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13222 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_018_2238_7 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiq111 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_11_60786_1 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0b013e328354a0b5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_022_00703_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_013_0484_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2010_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1002_hep_27310 crossref_primary_10_1080_10826084_2025_2548939 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31829b535b crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0152361 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_017_0164_z crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2011_03759_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healthplace_2020_102376 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2016_03_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60753_2 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0b013e3283536ab2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_015_2421_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_022_03792_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_16_30663_8 crossref_primary_10_1177_0022042618811654 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0162399 crossref_primary_10_1017_S1744552313000293 crossref_primary_10_1002_wmh3_213 crossref_primary_10_1071_SH13094 crossref_primary_10_3917_spub_163_0363 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_13686 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_083037 crossref_primary_10_3109_09687637_2012_761951 crossref_primary_10_1080_08897077_2014_904838 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_14_60164_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaa001 crossref_primary_10_1177_0956462418769808 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2019_05_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_18_30292_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1177_0952695112459135 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_glohj_2019_06_001 crossref_primary_10_1177_0272684X15592762 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0b013e32835369ad crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003382 crossref_primary_10_1177_10497315221117543 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000031688 crossref_primary_10_1080_09687637_2021_1944061 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_021_03207_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13643_019_0982_z crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph191610382 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jix101 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ypmed_2022_107155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2011_10_032 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12682 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_respe_2022_08_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_21_00391_3 crossref_primary_10_1057_jphp_2014_54 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciy182 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_020_4898_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_09_020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2021_103343 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11524_015_9995_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_018_0214_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60743_X crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2012_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0243106 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13011_017_0122_5 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyw180 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0b013e328358e49e crossref_primary_10_1111_add_16257 crossref_primary_10_1080_01459740_2022_2133706 crossref_primary_10_2471_BLT_12_108282 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11469_018_9957_x crossref_primary_10_1080_10826084_2023_2196574 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13011_023_00583_6 crossref_primary_10_1017_S2045796014000687 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_015_1145_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_023_00802_0 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0122367 crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_26319 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11469_014_9498_x crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_civ481 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2012_03880_x crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12337 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182413103 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2017_10_018 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0130654 crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_20_1_22146 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2019_1668452 crossref_primary_10_3109_09687637_2015_1127327 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2017_05_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2016_11_026 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciu602 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_021_03160_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2018_07_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_11_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_11_60877_5 crossref_primary_10_4103_0971_5916_91014 crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_25817 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11606_022_07672_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_12_60955_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60830_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_13_482 crossref_primary_10_1080_14681811_2015_1088434 crossref_primary_10_1080_07853890_2022_2084154 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13722_025_00584_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_01_020 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms20081883 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2021_103368 crossref_primary_10_1080_10550887_2015_1059651 crossref_primary_10_2196_42585 crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_18_2_19434 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_03_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31825f315e crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_022_01759_1 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0289007 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e318229eab1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_023_00851_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2014_12_034 crossref_primary_10_1089_apc_2022_0068 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12551 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18041879 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_16_00619_X crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_25003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_022_03760_z crossref_primary_10_1586_eri_11_20 crossref_primary_10_1177_20503245221097797 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2020_102663 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e31829202a2 crossref_primary_10_3928_00485713_20161208_01 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12954_015_0062_1 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e328354622a crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2011_08_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_17441692_2011_621965 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1360_0443_2011_03575_x crossref_primary_10_1111_ajad_13457 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0231969 crossref_primary_10_4081_jphr_2014_204 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiz686 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2010_12_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12020326 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_socscimed_2018_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_018_2173_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_13_61530_5 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001458 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13011_018_0147_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2021_103304 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000660 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2012_06_013 crossref_primary_10_1002_wps_20457 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0185077 crossref_primary_10_3109_10826084_2015_1042326 crossref_primary_10_1186_1747_597X_8_29 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_013_0660_4 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_14950 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_014_0228_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2012_001755 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_012_0373_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_019_02767_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_cld_626 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_11_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_11_011 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11524_017_0171_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_06_007 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_019_0807_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_022_06085_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0b013e32834412cc crossref_primary_10_1111_dar_12085 crossref_primary_10_1097_QCO_0000000000000216 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_021_11373_9 crossref_primary_10_1136_medethics_2015_102895 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gaceta_2016_04_020 crossref_primary_10_2196_resprot_5407 crossref_primary_10_5812_ijhrba_26159 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1465_3362_2011_00304_x crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_03_024 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_011_9923_0 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41575_018_0026_5 crossref_primary_10_2196_jmir_3203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_11_004 crossref_primary_10_1002_wmh3_169 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2013_12_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_02_007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11419_011_0123_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2014_04_012 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2014_007198 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_antiviral_2014_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1002_CL2_120 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_07_033 crossref_primary_10_3109_00952990_2012_673664 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2015_11_009 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000769 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0b013e318284714a crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amepre_2021_05_044 crossref_primary_10_7448_IAS_18_2_20076 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiz598 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2022_109396 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2014_880398 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000510 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_17_30045_0 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrgastro_2017_106 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_07_020 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2012_09_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2215_0366_18_30337_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_018_0406_z |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01741.x 10.1093/ije/dyl276 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.02.003 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70305-0 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17490-4 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328312c756 10.1007/s10461-007-9349-x 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01297.x 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01317.x 10.1001/archinte.162.16.1818 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00752.x 10.1097/01.qai.0000219788.73539.47 10.2105/AJPH.2003.033563 10.1007/s10461-005-9000-7 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60692-3 10.1136/sti.79.2.160 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02269.x 10.1002/14651858.CD001333.pub2 10.1002/14651858.CD004580.pub2 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00963.x 10.1086/630209 10.2105/AJPH.2003.036517 10.1080/10826080802347677 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283269e3c 10.1521/aeap.15.4.257.23828 10.2105/AJPH.2005.076182 10.1016/j.jsat.2005.02.007 10.1002/14651858.CD007192.pub2 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.2.97 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69162-9 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00521-X 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07439-4 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69744-4 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60830-6 10.1002/14651858.CD004145.pub3 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02755.x 10.1186/1471-2288-6-54 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60887-9 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60832-X 10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.210 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00029-1 10.1002/14651858.CD003255 10.1503/cmaj.080808 10.1002/14651858.CD003410.pub2 10.1001/jama.280.1.42 10.1002/14651858.CD007189.pub2 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95459110.x 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.12.004 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.014 10.1007/s10461-005-1677-0 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70021-0 10.1080/09595230412331289437 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00004 10.1080/09595239996310 10.1002/14651858.CD006140.pub2 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00899.x 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010003 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3.181 10.1097/01.aids.0000304705.79541.34 10.1097/01.aids.0000196176.65551.a3 10.1002/14651858.CD002950 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x 10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.03.004 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.05.002 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02826.x 10.1097/01.aids.0000304706.79541.ef 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02040.x 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60743-X 10.1097/00042560-200207011-00008 10.1097/01.olq.0000221351.55097.36 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70685-5 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.030 10.1002/14651858.CD003352 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04562-1 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60232-2 10.1136/bmj.b1649 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01912.x 10.1097/00002030-200401230-00020 10.1136/bmj.38286.841227.7C 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.003 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.006 10.1136/bmj.331.7510.220 10.1056/NEJM200003303421303 10.1007/s10461-009-9532-3 10.1093/clinids/11.2.289 10.1002/14651858.CD002835.pub3 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S77.Fuller 10.1002/14651858.CD002209.pub2 10.1177/002204260603600303 10.1002/14651858.CD003023.pub2 10.1086/425275 10.1086/432888 10.1097/01.aids.0000196166.48518.a0 10.1007/s11524-005-9007-4 10.1007/s10464-009-9234-z 10.1007/s11904-007-0023-8 10.1097/00002030-200006001-00007 10.1097/01.aids.0000218543.46963.6d 10.1196/annals.1316.054 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02051.x 10.1136/sti.2008.034660 10.1186/1471-2458-9-S1-S5 10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.170 10.1002/14651858.CD006754.pub2 10.1016/S0955-3959(02)00071-3 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2010 Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Ltd 2015 INIST-CNRS Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2010 Elsevier Ltd – notice: Elsevier Ltd – notice: 2015 INIST-CNRS – notice: Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. – notice: Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 7U1 7U9 C1K H94 |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Risk Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic Risk Abstracts AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Risk Abstracts |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1474-547X |
| EndPage | 301 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 20650522 23047319 10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 S0140673610607428 1_s2_0_S0140673610607428 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: G0701627 |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .55 .CO .FO .GJ 04C 0R~ 123 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~5 29L 3EH 3O- 4.4 41~ 457 4G. 53G 5VS 7-5 71M 7RV 7X7 88E 88I 8AF 8AO 8C1 8C2 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8WZ 9JM A6W AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAEJM AAFWJ AAIKJ AAKAS AAKOC AALRI AAMRU AAQFI AAQQT AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABCQX ABDBF ABFNM ABIVO ABJNI ABLJU ABMAC ABMZM ABOCM ABUFD ABUWG ABWVN ACGFS ACGOD ACIEU ACIUM ACLOT ACPRK ACRLP ACRPL ACUHS ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADMUD ADNMO ADXHL ADZCM AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEUYN AEVXI AFFNX AFKRA AFPUW AFRAH AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGAPS AGHFR AGQPQ AHHHB AHMBA AHQJS AIGII AIIUN AITUG AJJEV AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKVCP AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ AN0 ANZVX APXCP AQUVI ARTTT ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN AZQEC BBNVY BCU BEC BENPR BHPHI BKEYQ BKNYI BKOJK BKOMP BNPGV BNQBC BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CS3 D0S DU5 DWQXO EAP EAS EAU EAZ EBC EBD EBS EBU EFJIC EFKBS EGS EHN EIHBH EJD EMB EMK EMOBN ENC EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 EPL EPS EPT ESX EVS EWM EX3 F5P FD8 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN FYUFA G-2 G-Q GBLVA GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ HMCUK HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W J5H K-O K9- KOM L7B LK8 LZ2 M0R M0T M1P M2M M2O M2P M7P MJL MO0 MVM N9A NAPCQ O-L O9- OD. OO~ OVD OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PRG PROAC PSQYO PSYQQ Q~Q R2- ROL RPZ S0X SAD SDG SEL SES SJFOW SJN SPCBC SSH SSZ SV3 T5K TEORI TH9 TLN TWZ UAP UBE UHU UKHRP UQL UV1 WOQ WOW WUQ X7M XAX XDU XPP YYM YYQ Z5R ZGI ZMT ZXP ZY4 ~G0 ~HD 3V. 88A AACTN AAYOK ABTAH ACRZS AFCTW AFKWA AJOXV ALIPV AMFUW M0L M41 PKN RIG SDF ABLVK ABYKQ AHPSJ AJBFU NHB XFK Y6R ZA5 9DU AAYXX AFFHD CITATION AGCQF AGRNS IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PMFND 7X8 PUEGO 7U1 7U9 C1K H94 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-65f4bd9bb3b088d70824a1922d780d4d6471d3136a466874ef32886ed1faccfc3 |
| ISSN | 0140-6736 1474-547X |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 07 09:20:49 EDT 2025 Sat Sep 27 23:07:10 EDT 2025 Sat May 31 02:13:40 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:13:25 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 04:00:15 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:56:22 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:28:08 EST 2024 Sun Feb 23 10:18:51 EST 2025 Tue Oct 14 19:34:54 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 9737 |
| Keywords | Infection Human Prevention Immunopathology Drug addiction Intravenous administration Methodology Viral disease AIDS Immune deficiency |
| Language | English |
| License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 CC BY 4.0 Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c516t-65f4bd9bb3b088d70824a1922d780d4d6471d3136a466874ef32886ed1faccfc3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 |
| PMID | 20650522 |
| PQID | 748929727 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_754565939 proquest_miscellaneous_748929727 pubmed_primary_20650522 pascalfrancis_primary_23047319 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S0140673610607428 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2010-00-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2010-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2010 text: 2010-00-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Kidlington |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Kidlington – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | The Lancet (British edition) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Lancet |
| PublicationYear | 2010 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | (published online April 27, 2010). Knapp, Soares, Farrell, de Lima (bib34) 2007; 3 Faggiano, Vigna-Taglianti, Versino, Lemma (bib26) 2009; 3 Elwy, Hart, Hawkes, Petticrew (bib14) 2002; 162 Weller, Davis-Beaty (bib23) 2002; 1 Hunt, Griffiths, Southwell, Stillwell, Strang (bib68) 1999; 18 Kimber, Palmateer, Hutchinson, Hickman, Goldberg, Rhodes (bib124) April, 2010 Roux, Carrieri, Cohen (bib112) 2009; 49 Brown, Lilford (bib142) 2006; 6 Attia, Egger, Müller, Zwahlen, Low (bib38) 2009; 23 Mattick, Breen, Kimber, Davoli (bib27) 2009; 1 (bib114) Feb 6, 2009 Day, Ison, Strang (bib65) 2005; 2 Galárraga, Colchero, Wamai, Bertozzi (bib24) 2009; 9 Wong, Lee, Lim, Low (bib60) 2003; 24 Gowing, Farrell, Bornemann, Sullivan, Ali (bib25) 2008; 2 Judd, Hickman, Jones (bib83) 2005; 330 Des Jarlais, Perlis, Arasteh (bib88) 2005; 95 Wolfe, Carrieri, Shepard (bib113) 2010 van Griensvan, Keawkungwal, Tappero (bib61) 2004; 18 Amato, Minozzi, Davoli, Vecchi, Ferri, Mayet (bib64) 2008; 4 Vickerman, Hickman, Judd (bib85) 2007; 36 . Taussig, Weinstein, Burris, Jones (bib134) 2000; 14 Ball, Rana, Dehne (bib105) 1998; 113 Young, Arens, Kennedy, Laurie, Rutherford (bib95) 2007; 1 Vickerman, Watts (bib117) 2002; 13 Friedman, de Jong, Rossi (bib141) 2007; 18 Kerr, Kimber, DeBeck, Wood (bib40) 2007; 4 Zhao, Liu, Zhao (bib74) 2004; 1025 Hammett, Kling, Johnston (bib126) 2006; 18 Kates, Lief, Avila (bib150) July, 2009 Davis, Burris, Kraut-Becher, Lynch, Metzger (bib138) 2005; 95 (bib44) 2009 Meader, Li, Des Jarlais, Pilling (bib66) 2010; 1 Cooper, Moore, Gruskin, Krieger (bib137) 2005; 61 Wood, Kerr, Marshall (bib39) 2009; 338 Pedraza, del Romero, Roldán (bib7) 1999; 21 Kumaranayake, Vickerman, Walker (bib100) 2004; 99 Cook, Kanaef (bib115) May, 2008 Kaplan, Heimer (bib49) 1992; 5 Piot, Bartos, Larson, Zewdie, Mane (bib104) 2008; 372 (bib1) August, 2008 (bib149) Sept 26, 2007 Dolan, Clement, Rouen, Rees, Shearer, Wodak (bib67) 2004; 23 Kral, Bluthenthal, Lorvick, Gee, Bacchetti, Edlin (bib79) 2001; 357 Edejer, Baltussen, Adam (bib147) 2003 Jones, Pickering, Sumnall, McVeigh, Bellis (bib22) June, 2008 Sullivan, Metzger, Fudala, Fiellin (bib28) 2005; 100 Comer, Sullivan, Yu (bib63) 2006; 63 Weeks, Convey, Dickson-Gomez (bib128) 2009; 43 (bib77) 2009 Hope VD, Hickman M, Ngui SL, et al. Measuring the incidence, prevalence, and genetic relatedness of hepatitis C infections among a community recruited sample of injecting drug users, using dried blood spots. Crepaz, Lyles, Wolitski (bib16) 2006; 20 (bib116) Sept, 2009 Kelly, Murphy, Sikkema (bib80) 1997; 350 (bib91) Aug 4, 2008 Janssen, Satten, Stramer (bib144) 1998; 280 Ferri, Davoli, Perucci (bib62) 2005; 2 Pronyk, Hargreaves, Kim (bib131) 2006; 368 Rhodes, Mikhailova, Sarang (bib136) 2003; 57 Van Den Berg, Smit, Van Brussel, Coutinho, Prins (bib87) 2007; 102 Kroll, de Lay (bib145) Aug 21, 2009 Hedrich (bib41) February, 2004 Quinn, Wawer, Sewankambo (bib92) 2000; 342 Jürgens, Ball, Verster (bib121) 2009; 9 Modjarrad, Chamot, Vermund (bib93) 2008; 22 Minozzi, Amato, Davoli (bib33) 2008; 2 Blankenship, Friedman, Dworkin, Mantell (bib118) 2006; 83 Kaplan (bib48) 1989; 11 Guinness, Vickerman, Quayyum (bib99) 2010; 105 Boily, Baggaley, Wang (bib8) 2009; 9 (bib78) 2008 Dolan, Kite, Black, Aceijas, Stimson (bib120) 2007; 7 Bluthenthal, Ridgeway, Schell, Anderson, Flynn, Kral (bib54) 2007; 102 (bib59) 2004 (bib69) 2006 El-Bassel, Witte, Gilbert (bib18) 2005; 9 Vickerman, Hickman, Rhodes, Watts (bib53) 2006; 42 Rhodes, Platt, Maximova (bib82) 2006; 101 Sullivan, Fiellin (bib108) 2005; 41 Palepu, Tyndall, Joy (bib111) 2006; 84 Okwundu, Okoromah (bib97) 2009; 1 (bib46) 2009 Wu, Luo, Sullivan (bib90) 2007; 21 Montaner, Hogg, Wood (bib94) 2006; 368 Kerr, Wodak, Elliott, Montaner, Wood (bib106) 2004; 364 (bib73) June, 2008 Baggaley, Boily, White, Alary (bib5) 2006; 20 (bib50) February, 2009 Heimer (bib52) 2008; 19 Vickerman, Terris-Prestholt, Delany, Kumaranayake, Rees, Watts (bib37) 2006; 33 Medley, Kennedy, O'Reilly, Sweat (bib19) 2009; 21 Shahmanesh, Patel, Mabey, Cowan (bib35) 2008; 13 Smith, Grohskopf, Black (bib96) 2005; 54 Lyles, Kay, Crepaz (bib13) 2007; 97 Palmateer, Kimber, Hickman, Hutchinson, Rhodes, Goldberg (bib21) 2010; 105 Godfrey, Stewart, Gossop (bib102) 2004; 99 Soares, Reisser, Farrell, de Lima (bib32) 2003; 2 Manhart, Holmes (bib36) 2005; 191 Lert, Kazatchkine (bib109) 2007; 18 Jana, Bandyopadhyay, Saha, Dutta (bib130) 1999 Vitinghoff, Douglas, Judon, McKiman, MacQueen, Buchbinder (bib9) 1999; 150 Weeks, Li, Dickson-Gomez (bib129) 2009; 44 Denison, O'Reilly, Schmid, Kennedy, Sweat (bib12) 2008; 12 (bib81) 2009 Langendam, van Brussel, Coutinho, van Ameijden (bib107) 2000; 95 (bib146) Dec 10, 1948 Jürgens, Csete, Amon, Baral, Beyrer (bib71) 2010 (bib123) 2003 (bib56) 2009 Semaan, Des Jarlais, Sogolow (bib15) 2002; 30 Rhodes (bib11) 2009; 20 Tilson, Aramrattana, Bozzette (bib20) 2007 (bib70) July 7, 2004 Malta, Strathdee, Magnanini, Bastos (bib110) 2008; 103 Thomson (bib76) March, 2010 Rhodes, Simic (bib119) 2005; 331 Vickerman, Miners, Williams (bib55) October, 2008 Friedman, Cooper, Tempalski (bib140) 2006; 20 Campbell, Starkey, Holliday (bib125) 2008; 371 Pearshouse (bib45) January, 2009 Garfein, Doherty, Monterroso, Thomas, Nelson, Vlahov (bib84) 1998; 18 Minozzi, Amato, Vecchi, Davoli, Kirchmayer, Verster (bib30) 2006; 1 Jahani, Kheirandish, Hosseini (bib75) 2009; 23 Andresen, Boyd (bib42) 2010; 21 (bib47) 2008 Fuller, Ahern, Vadnai (bib135) 2002; 42 Devaney, Reid, Baldwin (bib72) 2006 Lobmaier, Kornør, Kunøe, Bjørndal (bib29) 2008; 2 Aidala, Cross, Stall, Harre, Sumartojo (bib133) 2005; 9 Stanton, Shadish (bib17) 1997; 122 de Lima, Reisser, Soares, Farrell (bib31) 2003; 2 Gupta, Parkhurst, Ogden, Aggleton, Mahal (bib103) 2008; 372 Pollini, Brouwer, Lozada (bib139) 2008; 103 (bib98) 2009 Amato, Davoli, Perucci, Ferri, Faggiano, Mattick (bib57) 2005; 28 Mathers, Degenhardt, Ali (bib2) 2010; 375 Strathdee, Hallett, Bobrova (bib10) 2010 Des Jarlais, Kling, Hammett (bib89) 2007; 21 Bayoumi, Zaric (bib43) 2008; 179 Vickerman, Platt, Hawkes (bib86) 2009; 85 Hall, Doran, Degenhardt, Shepard (bib101) April, 2006 Ksobiech (bib51) 2003; 15 Dworkin, Blankenship (bib132) 2009; 13 Stimson, Cook, Bridge, Rio-Navarro, Lines, Barrett (bib148) 2010 Mathers, Degenhardt, Phillips (bib3) 2008; 372 Larney (bib122) 2010; 105 Rachlis, Brouwer, Mills, Hayes, Kerr, Hogg (bib4) 2007; 90 Mattick, Breen, Kimber, Davoli (bib58) 2009; 3 Weeks, Dickson-Gomez, Mosack, Convey, Martinez, Clair (bib127) 2006; 36 Marincovich, Castilla, Del Romero (bib6) 2003; 79 Jones (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib22) Cook (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib115) Gupta (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib103) 2008; 372 Tilson (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib20) 2007 Rhodes (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib11) 2009; 20 Judd (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib83) 2005; 330 Amato (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib57) 2005; 28 Roux (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib112) 2009; 49 Minozzi (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib30) 2006; 1 Taussig (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib134) 2000; 14 Wong (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib60) 2003; 24 Manhart (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib36) 2005; 191 Weller (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib23) 2002; 1 Campbell (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib125) 2008; 371 Piot (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib104) 2008; 372 Palepu (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib111) 2006; 84 Kroll (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib145) Vitinghoff (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib9) 1999; 150 Andresen (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib42) 2010; 21 (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib47) 2008 Devaney (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib72) Rhodes (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib136) 2003; 57 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib143 Jahani (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib75) 2009; 23 Soares (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib32) 2003; 2 Kates (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib150) Wu (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib90) 2007; 21 Semaan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib15) 2002; 30 El-Bassel (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib18) 2005; 9 Shahmanesh (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib35) 2008; 13 Medley (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib19) 2009; 21 Day (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib65) 2005; 2 Kelly (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib80) 1997; 350 Rhodes (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib119) 2005; 331 Fuller (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib135) 2002; 42 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib55) Palmateer (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib21) 2010; 105 Okwundu (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib97) 2009; 1 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib85) 2007; 36 Elwy (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib14) 2002; 162 Kerr (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib40) 2007; 4 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib53) 2006; 42 van Griensvan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib61) 2004; 18 Rhodes (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib82) 2006; 101 Lobmaier (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib29) 2008; 2 Jürgens (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib121) 2009; 9 Zhao (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib74) 2004; 1025 Friedman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib141) 2007; 18 Ferri (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib62) 2005; 2 Baggaley (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib5) 2006; 20 Wolfe (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib113) 2010 Malta (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib110) 2008; 103 Jana (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib130) 1999 Young (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib95) 2007; 1 Larney (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib122) 2010; 105 Galárraga (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib24) 2009; 9 Crepaz (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib16) 2006; 20 Brown (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib142) 2006; 6 Comer (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib63) 2006; 63 Rachlis (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib4) 2007; 90 Mattick (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib58) 2009; 3 Blankenship (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib118) 2006; 83 Hedrich (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib41) Mathers (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib3) 2008; 372 Friedman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib140) 2006; 20 Ksobiech (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib51) 2003; 15 Hammett (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib126) 2006; 18 Edejer (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib147) Ball (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib105) 1998; 113 Heimer (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib52) 2008; 19 Hunt (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib68) 1999; 18 Thomson (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib76) Kaplan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib48) 1989; 11 Weeks (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib129) 2009; 44 Gowing (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib25) 2008; 2 Des Jarlais (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib89) 2007; 21 Guinness (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib99) 2010; 105 Davis (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib138) 2005; 95 Amato (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib64) 2008; 4 Aidala (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib133) 2005; 9 Denison (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib12) 2008; 12 Faggiano (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib26) 2009; 3 Knapp (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib34) 2007; 3 Pearshouse (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib45) Lert (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib109) 2007; 18 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib117) 2002; 13 Wood (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib39) 2009; 338 Kumaranayake (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib100) 2004; 99 Weeks (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib127) 2006; 36 Des Jarlais (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib88) 2005; 95 Quinn (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib92) 2000; 342 Van Den Berg (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib87) 2007; 102 Janssen (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib144) 1998; 280 Cooper (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib137) 2005; 61 Weeks (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib128) 2009; 43 Bluthenthal (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib54) 2007; 102 Boily (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib8) 2009; 9 Montaner (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib94) 2006; 368 de Lima (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib31) 2003; 2 (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib78) 2008 Dolan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib67) 2004; 23 Smith (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib96) 2005; 54 Sullivan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib28) 2005; 100 Bayoumi (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib43) 2008; 179 Attia (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib38) 2009; 23 Minozzi (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib33) 2008; 2 Pronyk (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib131) 2006; 368 Mattick (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib27) 2009; 1 Modjarrad (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib93) 2008; 22 Jürgens (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib71) 2010 Pollini (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib139) 2008; 103 Lyles (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib13) 2007; 97 Meader (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib66) 2010; 1 Dworkin (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib132) 2009; 13 Marincovich (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib6) 2003; 79 Kerr (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib106) 2004; 364 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib86) 2009; 85 Stimson (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib148) Godfrey (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib102) 2004; 99 Kral (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib79) 2001; 357 Langendam (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib107) 2000; 95 Vickerman (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib37) 2006; 33 Dolan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib120) 2007; 7 Kimber (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib124) (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib77) 2009 Pedraza (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib7) 1999; 21 Strathdee (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib10) 2010 Kaplan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib49) 1992; 5 Garfein (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib84) 1998; 18 Stanton (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib17) 1997; 122 Mathers (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib2) 2010; 375 Sullivan (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib108) 2005; 41 Hall (10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib101) |
| References_xml | – year: 2003 ident: bib147 article-title: Making choices in health: WHO guide to cost-effectiveness analysis – volume: 14 start-page: S47 year: 2000 end-page: S51 ident: bib134 article-title: Syringe laws and pharmacy regulations are structural constraints on HIV prevention in the US publication-title: AIDS – volume: 2 year: 2005 ident: bib65 article-title: Inpatient versus other settings for detoxification for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 338 start-page: b1649 year: 2009 ident: bib39 article-title: Longitudinal community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and incidence of HIV-1 among injecting drug users: prospective cohort study publication-title: BMJ – volume: 99 start-page: 1565 year: 2004 end-page: 1576 ident: bib100 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of HIV preventive measures among injecting drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus publication-title: Addiction – volume: 375 start-page: 1014 year: 2010 end-page: 1028 ident: bib2 article-title: HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage publication-title: Lancet – volume: 1 year: 2009 ident: bib27 article-title: Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – reference: (published online April 27, 2010). – year: August, 2008 ident: bib1 article-title: 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic – volume: 95 start-page: 233 year: 2005 end-page: 236 ident: bib138 article-title: Effects of an intensive street-level police intervention on syringe exchange program use in Philadelphia, PA publication-title: Am J Public Health – volume: 6 start-page: 54 year: 2006 ident: bib142 article-title: The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review publication-title: BMC Med Res Methodol – volume: 18 start-page: S11 year: 1998 end-page: S19 ident: bib84 article-title: Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol – volume: 36 start-page: 396 year: 2007 end-page: 405 ident: bib85 article-title: Modelling the impact on hepatitis C transmission of reducing syringe sharing: London case study publication-title: Int J Epidemiol – volume: 179 start-page: 1105 year: 2008 end-page: 1106 ident: bib43 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of Vancouver's supervised injection facility publication-title: CMAJ – volume: 102 start-page: 638 year: 2007 end-page: 646 ident: bib54 article-title: Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users publication-title: Addiction – volume: 368 start-page: 1973 year: 2006 end-page: 1983 ident: bib131 article-title: Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial publication-title: Lancet – volume: 102 start-page: 1454 year: 2007 end-page: 1462 ident: bib87 article-title: Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users publication-title: Addiction – volume: 24 start-page: 233 year: 2003 end-page: 239 ident: bib60 article-title: Adherence to methadone is associated with a lower level of HIV-related risk behaviors in drug users publication-title: J Subst Abuse Treat – volume: 122 start-page: 170 year: 1997 end-page: 191 ident: bib17 article-title: Outcome, attrition, and family-couples treatment for drug abuse: a meta-analysis and review of the controlled, comparative studies publication-title: Psychol Bull – volume: 57 start-page: 39 year: 2003 end-page: 54 ident: bib136 article-title: Situational factors influencing drug injecting, risk reduction and syringe exchange in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: a qualitative study of micro risk environment publication-title: Soc Sci Med – year: April, 2006 ident: bib101 article-title: Illicit opiate abuse. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al, eds. Disease control priorities in developing countries, 2nd edn. – year: Sept, 2009 ident: bib116 article-title: Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector – year: Dec 10, 1948 ident: bib146 article-title: The universal declaration of human rights – volume: 21 start-page: 120 year: 1999 end-page: 125 ident: bib7 article-title: Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 is associated with high plasma viral load levels and a positive viral isolation in the infected partner publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – year: 2008 ident: bib47 publication-title: Preliminary findings from an economic and public health analysis of institutional and community responses to injecting drug use and HIV/AIDS in Vietnam – year: Aug 4, 2008 ident: bib91 article-title: Consensus statement: addressing knowledge gaps in the public health approach to delivering antiretroviral therapy and care – year: March, 2010 ident: bib76 article-title: Detention as treatment: detention of methamphetamine users in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand – reference: . – volume: 18 start-page: 255 year: 2007 end-page: 261 ident: bib109 article-title: Antiretroviral HIV treatment and care for injecting drug users: an evidence-based overview publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – volume: 162 start-page: 1818 year: 2002 end-page: 1830 ident: bib14 article-title: Effectiveness of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus in heterosexual men: a systematic review publication-title: Arch Intern Med – year: Feb 6, 2009 ident: bib114 article-title: Technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users – volume: 357 start-page: 1397 year: 2001 end-page: 1401 ident: bib79 article-title: Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysis publication-title: Lancet – volume: 280 start-page: 42 year: 1998 end-page: 48 ident: bib144 article-title: New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for use in incidence estimates and for clinical and prevention purposes publication-title: JAMA – volume: 100 start-page: 150 year: 2005 end-page: 158 ident: bib28 article-title: Decreasing international HIV transmission: the role of expanding access to opioid agonist therapies for injection drug users publication-title: Addiction – volume: 372 start-page: 1733 year: 2008 end-page: 1745 ident: bib3 article-title: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review publication-title: Lancet – volume: 5 start-page: 1116 year: 1992 end-page: 1118 ident: bib49 article-title: A model-based estimate of HIV infectivity via needle sharing publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – volume: 49 start-page: 1433 year: 2009 end-page: 1440 ident: bib112 article-title: Retention in opioid substitution treatment: a major predictor of long-term virological success for HIV-infected injection drug users receiving antiretroviral treatment publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – year: Aug 21, 2009 ident: bib145 article-title: Letter from UNODC and UNAIDS Secretariat – volume: 15 start-page: 257 year: 2003 end-page: 268 ident: bib51 article-title: A meta-analysis of needle sharing, lending, and borrowing behaviors of needle exchange program attenders publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev – volume: 2 year: 2003 ident: bib32 article-title: Dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 13 start-page: 462 year: 2009 end-page: 469 ident: bib132 article-title: Microfinance and HIV/AIDS prevention: assessing its promise and limitations publication-title: AIDS Behav – year: 2009 ident: bib77 publication-title: Anti-drug report, 1st edn – volume: 20 start-page: 805 year: 2006 end-page: 812 ident: bib5 article-title: Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS – volume: 21 start-page: 70 year: 2010 end-page: 76 ident: bib42 article-title: A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of Vancouver's supervised injection facility publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – year: 2003 ident: bib123 article-title: Final report of the evaluation of the Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre – year: Sept 26, 2007 ident: bib149 article-title: Financial resources required to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support – year: July, 2009 ident: bib150 article-title: Financing the response to AIDS in low- and middle-income countries: international assistance from the G8, European Commission and other donor Governments in 2008 – volume: 23 start-page: 1397 year: 2009 end-page: 1404 ident: bib38 article-title: Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS – year: 2009 ident: bib44 article-title: Assessment of compulsory treatment of people who use drugs in Cambodia, China, Malaysia and Viet Nam: an application of selected human rights principles – volume: 368 start-page: 531 year: 2006 end-page: 536 ident: bib94 article-title: The case for expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to curb the growth of the HIV epidemic publication-title: Lancet – volume: 33 start-page: S122 year: 2006 end-page: S132 ident: bib37 article-title: Are targeted HIV prevention activities cost-effective in high prevalence settings? Results from a sexually transmitted infection treatment project for sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa publication-title: Sex Transm Dis – year: 2008 ident: bib78 publication-title: The European Union's Border Management Programme in Central Asia: country profile—Turkmenistan – volume: 20 start-page: 143 year: 2006 end-page: 157 ident: bib16 article-title: Do prevention interventions reduce HIV risk behaviours among people living with HIV? A meta-analytic review of controlled trials publication-title: AIDS – volume: 1 year: 2002 ident: bib23 article-title: Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 9 start-page: 251 year: 2005 end-page: 265 ident: bib133 article-title: Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: implications for prevention and policy publication-title: AIDS Behav – volume: 9 start-page: 118 year: 2009 end-page: 129 ident: bib8 article-title: Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis – volume: 150 start-page: 306 year: 1999 end-page: 311 ident: bib9 article-title: Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners publication-title: Am J Epidemiol – volume: 3 year: 2009 ident: bib26 article-title: Methadone maintenance at different dosages for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 7 start-page: 32 year: 2007 end-page: 41 ident: bib120 article-title: HIV in prison in low-income and middle-income countries publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis – volume: 4 year: 2008 ident: bib64 article-title: Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 371 start-page: 1595 year: 2008 end-page: 1602 ident: bib125 article-title: An informal school-based peer-led intervention for smoking prevention in adolescence (ASSIST): a cluster randomised trial publication-title: Lancet – reference: Hope VD, Hickman M, Ngui SL, et al. Measuring the incidence, prevalence, and genetic relatedness of hepatitis C infections among a community recruited sample of injecting drug users, using dried blood spots. – volume: 4 start-page: 158 year: 2007 end-page: 164 ident: bib40 article-title: The role of safer injection facilities in the response to HIV/AIDS among injection drug users publication-title: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep – volume: 23 start-page: 538 year: 2009 end-page: 540 ident: bib75 article-title: HIV seroconversion among injection drug users in detention, Tehran, Iran publication-title: AIDS – volume: 2 year: 2005 ident: bib62 article-title: Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin dependents publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – year: February, 2009 ident: bib50 article-title: The primary prevention of hepatitis C among injecting drug users – volume: 44 start-page: 253 year: 2009 end-page: 281 ident: bib129 article-title: Outcomes of a peer HIV prevention program with injection drug and crack users: the Risk Avoidance Partnership publication-title: Subst Use Misuse – volume: 61 start-page: 673 year: 2005 end-page: 684 ident: bib137 article-title: The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study publication-title: Soc Sci Med – year: 2009 ident: bib46 article-title: Human rights abuses in the name of drug treatment: reports from the field – volume: 9 start-page: S5 year: 2009 ident: bib24 article-title: HIV prevention cost-effectiveness: a systematic review publication-title: BMC Public Health – volume: 28 start-page: 321 year: 2005 end-page: 329 ident: bib57 article-title: An overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of opiate maintenance therapies: available evidence to inform clinical practice and research publication-title: J Subst Abuse Treat – volume: 11 start-page: 289 year: 1989 end-page: 298 ident: bib48 article-title: Needles that kill: modeling human immunodeficiency virus transmission via shared drug injection equipment in shooting galleries publication-title: Rev Infect Dis – year: 2009 ident: bib81 article-title: Guidance on testing and counselling for HIV in settings attended by people who inject drugs: improving access to treatment, care and prevention – volume: 19 start-page: S65 year: 2008 end-page: S73 ident: bib52 article-title: Community coverage and HIV prevention: assessing metrics for estimating HIV incidence through syringe exchange publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – start-page: 22 year: 1999 end-page: 24 ident: bib130 article-title: Creating an enabling environment: lessons learnt from the Sonagachi Project, India publication-title: Research for sex work 2: appropriate health services – year: 2010 ident: bib71 article-title: People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights publication-title: Lancet – volume: 372 start-page: 845 year: 2008 end-page: 859 ident: bib104 article-title: Coming to terms with complexity: a call to action for HIV prevention publication-title: Lancet – year: 2010 ident: bib10 article-title: HIV and risk environment for injecting drug users: the past, present, and future publication-title: Lancet – volume: 30 start-page: S73 year: 2002 end-page: S93 ident: bib15 article-title: A meta-analysis of the effect of HIV prevention interventions on the sex behaviors of drug users in the United States publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – year: June, 2008 ident: bib73 article-title: Report on illicit drug data and routine surveillance systems in Cambodia 2007 – volume: 3 year: 2009 ident: bib58 article-title: Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 18 start-page: 441 year: 1999 end-page: 451 ident: bib68 article-title: Preventing and curtailing injecting drug use: a review of opportunities for developing and delivering ‘route transition interventions’ publication-title: Drug Alcohol Rev – volume: 9 start-page: 57 year: 2009 end-page: 66 ident: bib121 article-title: Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis – volume: 84 start-page: 188 year: 2006 end-page: 194 ident: bib111 article-title: Antiretroviral adherence and HIV treatment outcomes among HIV/HCV co-infected injection drug users: the role of methadone maintenance therapy publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend – volume: 42 start-page: S77 year: 2002 end-page: S82 ident: bib135 article-title: Impact of increased syringe access: preliminary findings on injection drug user syringe source, disposal, and pharmacy sales in Harlem, New York publication-title: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) – volume: 90 start-page: 107 year: 2007 end-page: 119 ident: bib4 article-title: Migration and transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users: understanding the epidemiologic bridge publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend – volume: 20 start-page: 93 year: 2006 end-page: 99 ident: bib140 article-title: Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas publication-title: AIDS – volume: 105 start-page: 844 year: 2010 end-page: 859 ident: bib21 article-title: Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews publication-title: Addiction – year: January, 2009 ident: bib45 article-title: Compulsory drug treatment in Thailand: observations on the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act B.E. 2545 (2002) – volume: 103 start-page: 101 year: 2008 end-page: 108 ident: bib139 article-title: Syringe possession arrests are associated with receptive syringe sharing in two Mexico-US border cities publication-title: Addiction – volume: 1 year: 2010 ident: bib66 article-title: Psychosocial interventions for reducing injection and sexual risk behaviour for preventing HIV in drug users publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 191 start-page: 7 year: 2005 end-page: 24 ident: bib36 article-title: Randomized controlled trials of individual-level, population-level, and multilevel interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections: what has worked? publication-title: J Infect Dis – volume: 21 start-page: S109 year: 2007 end-page: S114 ident: bib89 article-title: Reducing HIV infection among new injecting drug users in the China-Vietnam Cross Border Project publication-title: AIDS – volume: 22 start-page: 2179 year: 2008 end-page: 2185 ident: bib93 article-title: Impact of small reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels on the risk of heterosexual transmission and disease progression publication-title: AIDS – volume: 83 start-page: 59 year: 2006 end-page: 72 ident: bib118 article-title: Structural interventions: concepts, challenges and opportunities for research publication-title: J Urban Health – volume: 342 start-page: 921 year: 2000 end-page: 929 ident: bib92 article-title: Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 99 start-page: 697 year: 2004 end-page: 707 ident: bib102 article-title: Economic analysis of costs and consequences of the treatment of drug misuse: 2-year outcome data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS) publication-title: Addiction – volume: 42 start-page: 355 year: 2006 end-page: 361 ident: bib53 article-title: Model projections on the required coverage of syringe distribution to prevent HIV epidemics among injecting drug users publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – volume: 372 start-page: 764 year: 2008 end-page: 775 ident: bib103 article-title: Structural approaches to HIV prevention publication-title: Lancet – volume: 105 start-page: 216 year: 2010 end-page: 223 ident: bib122 article-title: Does opioid substitution treatment in prisons reduce injecting-related HIV risk behaviours? A systematic review publication-title: Addiction – volume: 1 year: 2007 ident: bib95 article-title: Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 63 start-page: 210 year: 2006 end-page: 218 ident: bib63 article-title: Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – year: 2009 ident: bib98 article-title: Return on investment 2: evaluating the cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe programs in Australia – year: 2006 ident: bib72 article-title: Situational analysis of illicit drug issues and responses in the Asia-Pacific region – volume: 36 start-page: 541 year: 2006 end-page: 570 ident: bib127 article-title: The risk avoidance partnership: training active drug users as peer health advocates publication-title: J Drug Issues – volume: 113 start-page: 170 year: 1998 end-page: 181 ident: bib105 article-title: HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries publication-title: Public Health Rep – volume: 18 start-page: 295 year: 2004 end-page: 301 ident: bib61 article-title: Lack of increased HIV risk behavior among injection drug users participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand publication-title: AIDS – volume: 103 start-page: 1242 year: 2008 end-page: 1257 ident: bib110 article-title: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among drug users: a systematic review publication-title: Addiction – year: April, 2010 ident: bib124 article-title: Harm reduction among injecting drug users: evidence of effectiveness (chapter 5). In: Rhodes T, Hedrich D, eds. Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges – year: October, 2008 ident: bib55 article-title: Assessing the cost-effectiveness of interventions linked to needle and syringe programmes for injecting drug users: an economic modelling report – volume: 85 start-page: ii23 year: 2009 end-page: ii30 ident: bib86 article-title: Modelling the transmission of HIV and HCV amongst injecting drug users in Rawalpindi, a low HCV prevalence setting in Pakistan publication-title: Sex Transm Infect – volume: 21 start-page: 181 year: 2009 end-page: 206 ident: bib19 article-title: Effectiveness of peer education interventions for HIV prevention in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev – volume: 12 start-page: 363 year: 2008 end-page: 373 ident: bib12 article-title: HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990–2005 publication-title: AIDS Behav – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: bib29 article-title: Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 79 start-page: 160 year: 2003 end-page: 162 ident: bib6 article-title: Absence of hepatitis C virus transmission in a prospective cohort of heterosexual serodiscordant couples publication-title: Sex Transm Infect – year: June, 2008 ident: bib22 article-title: A review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes for injecting drug users – volume: 364 start-page: 1918 year: 2004 end-page: 1919 ident: bib106 article-title: Opioid substitution and HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention publication-title: Lancet – volume: 97 start-page: 133 year: 2007 end-page: 143 ident: bib13 article-title: Best-evidence interventions: findings from a systematic review of HIV behavioral interventions for US populations at high risk, 2000–2004 publication-title: Am J Public Health – volume: 95 start-page: 591 year: 2000 end-page: 600 ident: bib107 article-title: Methadone maintenance and cessation of injecting drug user: results from the Amsterdam Cohort Study publication-title: Addiction – volume: 13 start-page: 149 year: 2002 end-page: 164 ident: bib117 article-title: The impact of an HIV prevention intervention for injecting drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus: model predictions publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – year: 2004 ident: bib59 article-title: Substitution maintenance therapy in the management of opioid dependence and HIV/AIDS prevention: position paper – volume: 13 start-page: 659 year: 2008 end-page: 679 ident: bib35 article-title: Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in resource poor setting: a systematic review publication-title: Trop Med Int Health – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: bib33 article-title: Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 18 start-page: 107 year: 2007 end-page: 117 ident: bib141 article-title: Harm reduction theory: users' culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users' groups publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – year: 2006 ident: bib69 article-title: HIV/AIDS and custodial settings in south east Asia: an exploratory review into the issue of HIV/AIDS and custodial settings in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam – volume: 1 year: 2009 ident: bib97 article-title: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – year: May, 2008 ident: bib115 article-title: Global state of harm reduction 2008: mapping the response to drug related HIV and hepatitis C epidemics – volume: 330 start-page: 24 year: 2005 end-page: 25 ident: bib83 article-title: Incidence of hepatitis C virus and HIV among new injecting drug users in London: prospective cohort study publication-title: BMJ – volume: 54 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 20 ident: bib96 article-title: Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the US Department of Health and Human Services publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep – volume: 43 start-page: 330 year: 2009 end-page: 344 ident: bib128 article-title: Changing drug users' risk environments: peer health advocates as multi-level community change agents publication-title: Am J Community Psychol – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: bib25 article-title: Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – year: 2010 ident: bib148 article-title: Three cents a day is not enough: resourcing HIV-related harm reduction on a global basis – volume: 20 start-page: 193 year: 2009 end-page: 201 ident: bib11 article-title: Risk environments and drug harms: a social science for harm reduction approach publication-title: Int J Drug Policy – year: 2007 ident: bib20 publication-title: Preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users in high-risk countries: an assessment of the evidence – volume: 3 year: 2007 ident: bib34 article-title: Psychosocial interventions for cocaine and psychostimulant amphetamines related disorders publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 23 start-page: 281 year: 2004 end-page: 286 ident: bib67 article-title: Can drug injectors be encouraged to adopt non-injecting routes of administration (NIROA) for drugs? publication-title: Drug Alcohol Rev – year: 2009 ident: bib56 article-title: Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence – year: 2010 ident: bib113 article-title: Treatment and care for injecting drug users with HIV infection: a review of barriers and ways forward publication-title: Lancet – volume: 331 start-page: 220 year: 2005 end-page: 223 ident: bib119 article-title: Transition and the HIV risk environment publication-title: BMJ – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 13 ident: bib18 article-title: Long-term effects of an HIV/STI sexual risk reduction intervention for heterosexual couples publication-title: AIDS Behav – volume: 2 year: 2003 ident: bib31 article-title: Antidepressants for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 21 start-page: S115 year: 2007 end-page: S122 ident: bib90 article-title: Evaluation of a needle social marketing strategy to control HIV among injecting drug users in China publication-title: AIDS – year: July 7, 2004 ident: bib70 article-title: Not enough graves: the war on drugs, HIV/AIDS, and violations of human rights – volume: 105 start-page: 319 year: 2010 end-page: 328 ident: bib99 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of consistent and early intervention of harm reduction for injecting drug users in Bangladesh publication-title: Addiction – volume: 18 start-page: 97 year: 2006 end-page: 115 ident: bib126 article-title: Patterns of HIV prevalence and HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users prior to and 24 months following implementation of cross-border HIV prevention interventions in northern Vietnam and southern China publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev – volume: 1 year: 2006 ident: bib30 article-title: Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 41 start-page: 891 year: 2005 end-page: 896 ident: bib108 article-title: Buprenorphine: its role in preventing HIV transmission and improving the care of HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – volume: 95 start-page: 1439 year: 2005 end-page: 1444 ident: bib88 article-title: HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: use of serologic test algorithm to assess expansion of HIV prevention services publication-title: Am J Public Health – volume: 1025 start-page: 439 year: 2004 end-page: 445 ident: bib74 article-title: Drug abuse in China publication-title: Ann N Y Acad Sci – volume: 350 start-page: 1500 year: 1997 end-page: 1505 ident: bib80 article-title: Randomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention intervention for sexual-risk behaviour among homosexual men in US cities publication-title: Lancet – year: February, 2004 ident: bib41 article-title: European report on drug consumption rooms – volume: 101 start-page: 252 year: 2006 end-page: 266 ident: bib82 article-title: Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis among injecting drug users in Russia: a multi-city study publication-title: Addiction – volume: 102 start-page: 638 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib54 article-title: Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01741.x – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib55 – volume: 36 start-page: 396 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib85 article-title: Modelling the impact on hepatitis C transmission of reducing syringe sharing: London case study publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl276 – volume: 84 start-page: 188 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib111 article-title: Antiretroviral adherence and HIV treatment outcomes among HIV/HCV co-infected injection drug users: the role of methadone maintenance therapy publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.02.003 – volume: 9 start-page: 57 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib121 article-title: Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70305-0 – volume: 364 start-page: 1918 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib106 article-title: Opioid substitution and HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17490-4 – volume: 22 start-page: 2179 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib93 article-title: Impact of small reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels on the risk of heterosexual transmission and disease progression publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328312c756 – volume: 12 start-page: 363 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib12 article-title: HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990–2005 publication-title: AIDS Behav doi: 10.1007/s10461-007-9349-x – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib143 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01297.x – volume: 54 start-page: 1 issue: RR-2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib96 article-title: Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the US Department of Health and Human Services publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep – volume: 101 start-page: 252 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib82 article-title: Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis among injecting drug users in Russia: a multi-city study publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01317.x – volume: 162 start-page: 1818 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib14 article-title: Effectiveness of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus in heterosexual men: a systematic review publication-title: Arch Intern Med doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.16.1818 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib77 – volume: 99 start-page: 697 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib102 article-title: Economic analysis of costs and consequences of the treatment of drug misuse: 2-year outcome data from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS) publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00752.x – volume: 42 start-page: 355 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib53 article-title: Model projections on the required coverage of syringe distribution to prevent HIV epidemics among injecting drug users publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000219788.73539.47 – volume: 95 start-page: 233 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib138 article-title: Effects of an intensive street-level police intervention on syringe exchange program use in Philadelphia, PA publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.033563 – volume: 9 start-page: 251 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib133 article-title: Housing status and HIV risk behaviors: implications for prevention and policy publication-title: AIDS Behav doi: 10.1007/s10461-005-9000-7 – volume: 371 start-page: 1595 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib125 article-title: An informal school-based peer-led intervention for smoking prevention in adolescence (ASSIST): a cluster randomised trial publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60692-3 – volume: 79 start-page: 160 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib6 article-title: Absence of hepatitis C virus transmission in a prospective cohort of heterosexual serodiscordant couples publication-title: Sex Transm Infect doi: 10.1136/sti.79.2.160 – volume: 103 start-page: 1242 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib110 article-title: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among drug users: a systematic review publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02269.x – volume: 1 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib30 article-title: Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001333.pub2 – volume: 2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib65 article-title: Inpatient versus other settings for detoxification for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004580.pub2 – volume: 372 start-page: 1733 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib3 article-title: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2 – volume: 100 start-page: 150 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib28 article-title: Decreasing international HIV transmission: the role of expanding access to opioid agonist therapies for injection drug users publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00963.x – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib101 – volume: 49 start-page: 1433 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib112 article-title: Retention in opioid substitution treatment: a major predictor of long-term virological success for HIV-infected injection drug users receiving antiretroviral treatment publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/630209 – year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib20 – volume: 3 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib26 article-title: Methadone maintenance at different dosages for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 95 start-page: 1439 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib88 article-title: HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1990 to 2002: use of serologic test algorithm to assess expansion of HIV prevention services publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.036517 – volume: 44 start-page: 253 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib129 article-title: Outcomes of a peer HIV prevention program with injection drug and crack users: the Risk Avoidance Partnership publication-title: Subst Use Misuse doi: 10.1080/10826080802347677 – volume: 23 start-page: 538 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib75 article-title: HIV seroconversion among injection drug users in detention, Tehran, Iran publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283269e3c – volume: 15 start-page: 257 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib51 article-title: A meta-analysis of needle sharing, lending, and borrowing behaviors of needle exchange program attenders publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev doi: 10.1521/aeap.15.4.257.23828 – volume: 97 start-page: 133 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib13 article-title: Best-evidence interventions: findings from a systematic review of HIV behavioral interventions for US populations at high risk, 2000–2004 publication-title: Am J Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.076182 – volume: 28 start-page: 321 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib57 article-title: An overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of opiate maintenance therapies: available evidence to inform clinical practice and research publication-title: J Subst Abuse Treat doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2005.02.007 – volume: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib66 article-title: Psychosocial interventions for reducing injection and sexual risk behaviour for preventing HIV in drug users publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007192.pub2 – volume: 18 start-page: 97 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib126 article-title: Patterns of HIV prevalence and HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users prior to and 24 months following implementation of cross-border HIV prevention interventions in northern Vietnam and southern China publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev doi: 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.2.97 – volume: 23 start-page: 1397 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib38 article-title: Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca – volume: 368 start-page: 531 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib94 article-title: The case for expanding access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to curb the growth of the HIV epidemic publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69162-9 – volume: 57 start-page: 39 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib136 article-title: Situational factors influencing drug injecting, risk reduction and syringe exchange in Togliatti City, Russian Federation: a qualitative study of micro risk environment publication-title: Soc Sci Med doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00521-X – volume: 350 start-page: 1500 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib80 article-title: Randomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention intervention for sexual-risk behaviour among homosexual men in US cities publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07439-4 – volume: 368 start-page: 1973 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib131 article-title: Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69744-4 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib71 article-title: People who use drugs, HIV, and human rights publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60830-6 – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib25 article-title: Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004145.pub3 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib124 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib22 – volume: 105 start-page: 319 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib99 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of consistent and early intervention of harm reduction for injecting drug users in Bangladesh publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02755.x – volume: 6 start-page: 54 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib142 article-title: The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review publication-title: BMC Med Res Methodol doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-6-54 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib45 – volume: 372 start-page: 764 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib103 article-title: Structural approaches to HIV prevention publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60887-9 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib113 article-title: Treatment and care for injecting drug users with HIV infection: a review of barriers and ways forward publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60832-X – volume: 63 start-page: 210 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib63 article-title: Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.210 – volume: 24 start-page: 233 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib60 article-title: Adherence to methadone is associated with a lower level of HIV-related risk behaviors in drug users publication-title: J Subst Abuse Treat doi: 10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00029-1 – volume: 1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib23 article-title: Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003255 – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib78 – volume: 179 start-page: 1105 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib43 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of Vancouver's supervised injection facility publication-title: CMAJ doi: 10.1503/cmaj.080808 – volume: 2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib62 article-title: Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin dependents publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003410.pub2 – volume: 280 start-page: 42 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib144 article-title: New testing strategy to detect early HIV-1 infection for use in incidence estimates and for clinical and prevention purposes publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.280.1.42 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib147 – volume: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib97 article-title: Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007189.pub2 – volume: 95 start-page: 591 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib107 article-title: Methadone maintenance and cessation of injecting drug user: results from the Amsterdam Cohort Study publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95459110.x – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib72 – volume: 372 start-page: 845 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib104 article-title: Coming to terms with complexity: a call to action for HIV prevention publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0 – volume: 19 start-page: S65 issue: suppl 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib52 article-title: Community coverage and HIV prevention: assessing metrics for estimating HIV incidence through syringe exchange publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.12.004 – volume: 90 start-page: 107 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib4 article-title: Migration and transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users: understanding the epidemiologic bridge publication-title: Drug Alcohol Depend doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.014 – volume: 9 start-page: 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib18 article-title: Long-term effects of an HIV/STI sexual risk reduction intervention for heterosexual couples publication-title: AIDS Behav doi: 10.1007/s10461-005-1677-0 – volume: 9 start-page: 118 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib8 article-title: Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70021-0 – volume: 23 start-page: 281 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib67 article-title: Can drug injectors be encouraged to adopt non-injecting routes of administration (NIROA) for drugs? publication-title: Drug Alcohol Rev doi: 10.1080/09595230412331289437 – volume: 18 start-page: S11 issue: suppl 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib84 article-title: Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol doi: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00004 – volume: 18 start-page: 441 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib68 article-title: Preventing and curtailing injecting drug use: a review of opportunities for developing and delivering ‘route transition interventions’ publication-title: Drug Alcohol Rev doi: 10.1080/09595239996310 – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib29 article-title: Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006140.pub2 – volume: 99 start-page: 1565 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib100 article-title: The cost-effectiveness of HIV preventive measures among injecting drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00899.x – volume: 150 start-page: 306 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib9 article-title: Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners publication-title: Am J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010003 – volume: 21 start-page: 181 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib19 article-title: Effectiveness of peer education interventions for HIV prevention in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS Educ Prev doi: 10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3.181 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib150 – volume: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib27 article-title: Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – volume: 21 start-page: S109 issue: suppl 8 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib89 article-title: Reducing HIV infection among new injecting drug users in the China-Vietnam Cross Border Project publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000304705.79541.34 – volume: 20 start-page: 93 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib140 article-title: Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000196176.65551.a3 – volume: 2 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib31 article-title: Antidepressants for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002950 – volume: 105 start-page: 844 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib21 article-title: Evidence for the effectiveness of sterile injecting equipment provision in preventing hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus transmission among injecting drug users: a review of reviews publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02888.x – volume: 113 start-page: 170 issue: suppl 1 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib105 article-title: HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries publication-title: Public Health Rep – volume: 21 start-page: 120 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib7 article-title: Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 is associated with high plasma viral load levels and a positive viral isolation in the infected partner publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – volume: 21 start-page: 70 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib42 article-title: A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of Vancouver's supervised injection facility publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.03.004 – volume: 18 start-page: 255 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib109 article-title: Antiretroviral HIV treatment and care for injecting drug users: an evidence-based overview publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.05.002 – start-page: 22 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib130 article-title: Creating an enabling environment: lessons learnt from the Sonagachi Project, India – volume: 105 start-page: 216 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib122 article-title: Does opioid substitution treatment in prisons reduce injecting-related HIV risk behaviours? A systematic review publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02826.x – volume: 21 start-page: S115 issue: suppl 8 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib90 article-title: Evaluation of a needle social marketing strategy to control HIV among injecting drug users in China publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000304706.79541.ef – volume: 13 start-page: 659 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib35 article-title: Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in resource poor setting: a systematic review publication-title: Trop Med Int Health doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02040.x – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib148 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib10 article-title: HIV and risk environment for injecting drug users: the past, present, and future publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60743-X – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib145 – volume: 30 start-page: S73 issue: suppl 1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib15 article-title: A meta-analysis of the effect of HIV prevention interventions on the sex behaviors of drug users in the United States publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr doi: 10.1097/00042560-200207011-00008 – volume: 33 start-page: S122 issue: 10 suppl year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib37 article-title: Are targeted HIV prevention activities cost-effective in high prevalence settings? Results from a sexually transmitted infection treatment project for sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa publication-title: Sex Transm Dis doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000221351.55097.36 – volume: 7 start-page: 32 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib120 article-title: HIV in prison in low-income and middle-income countries publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70685-5 – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib41 – volume: 61 start-page: 673 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib137 article-title: The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study publication-title: Soc Sci Med doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.030 – volume: 2 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib32 article-title: Dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003352 – volume: 357 start-page: 1397 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib79 article-title: Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysis publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04562-1 – volume: 375 start-page: 1014 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib2 article-title: HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60232-2 – volume: 338 start-page: b1649 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib39 article-title: Longitudinal community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and incidence of HIV-1 among injecting drug users: prospective cohort study publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1649 – volume: 102 start-page: 1454 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib87 article-title: Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01912.x – volume: 18 start-page: 295 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib61 article-title: Lack of increased HIV risk behavior among injection drug users participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/00002030-200401230-00020 – volume: 330 start-page: 24 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib83 article-title: Incidence of hepatitis C virus and HIV among new injecting drug users in London: prospective cohort study publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.38286.841227.7C – volume: 20 start-page: 193 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib11 article-title: Risk environments and drug harms: a social science for harm reduction approach publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.003 – volume: 18 start-page: 107 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib141 article-title: Harm reduction theory: users' culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users' groups publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.006 – volume: 331 start-page: 220 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib119 article-title: Transition and the HIV risk environment publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7510.220 – volume: 342 start-page: 921 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib92 article-title: Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 publication-title: N Engl J Med doi: 10.1056/NEJM200003303421303 – volume: 13 start-page: 462 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib132 article-title: Microfinance and HIV/AIDS prevention: assessing its promise and limitations publication-title: AIDS Behav doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9532-3 – volume: 11 start-page: 289 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib48 article-title: Needles that kill: modeling human immunodeficiency virus transmission via shared drug injection equipment in shooting galleries publication-title: Rev Infect Dis doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.2.289 – volume: 1 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib95 article-title: Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002835.pub3 – volume: 42 start-page: S77 issue: 6 suppl 2 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib135 article-title: Impact of increased syringe access: preliminary findings on injection drug user syringe source, disposal, and pharmacy sales in Harlem, New York publication-title: J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) doi: 10.1331/1086-5802.42.0.S77.Fuller – volume: 5 start-page: 1116 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib49 article-title: A model-based estimate of HIV infectivity via needle sharing publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib115 – volume: 3 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib58 article-title: Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002209.pub2 – volume: 36 start-page: 541 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib127 article-title: The risk avoidance partnership: training active drug users as peer health advocates publication-title: J Drug Issues doi: 10.1177/002204260603600303 – volume: 3 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib34 article-title: Psychosocial interventions for cocaine and psychostimulant amphetamines related disorders publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003023.pub2 – volume: 191 start-page: 7 issue: suppl 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib36 article-title: Randomized controlled trials of individual-level, population-level, and multilevel interventions for preventing sexually transmitted infections: what has worked? publication-title: J Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/425275 – volume: 41 start-page: 891 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib108 article-title: Buprenorphine: its role in preventing HIV transmission and improving the care of HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/432888 – volume: 20 start-page: 143 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib16 article-title: Do prevention interventions reduce HIV risk behaviours among people living with HIV? A meta-analytic review of controlled trials publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000196166.48518.a0 – volume: 4 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib64 article-title: Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments versus pharmacological treatments for opioid detoxification publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev – ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib76 – volume: 83 start-page: 59 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib118 article-title: Structural interventions: concepts, challenges and opportunities for research publication-title: J Urban Health doi: 10.1007/s11524-005-9007-4 – volume: 43 start-page: 330 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib128 article-title: Changing drug users' risk environments: peer health advocates as multi-level community change agents publication-title: Am J Community Psychol doi: 10.1007/s10464-009-9234-z – volume: 4 start-page: 158 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib40 article-title: The role of safer injection facilities in the response to HIV/AIDS among injection drug users publication-title: Curr HIV/AIDS Rep doi: 10.1007/s11904-007-0023-8 – volume: 14 start-page: S47 issue: suppl 1 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib134 article-title: Syringe laws and pharmacy regulations are structural constraints on HIV prevention in the US publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/00002030-200006001-00007 – volume: 20 start-page: 805 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib5 article-title: Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: AIDS doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000218543.46963.6d – volume: 1025 start-page: 439 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib74 article-title: Drug abuse in China publication-title: Ann N Y Acad Sci doi: 10.1196/annals.1316.054 – volume: 103 start-page: 101 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib139 article-title: Syringe possession arrests are associated with receptive syringe sharing in two Mexico-US border cities publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02051.x – volume: 85 start-page: ii23 issue: suppl 2 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib86 article-title: Modelling the transmission of HIV and HCV amongst injecting drug users in Rawalpindi, a low HCV prevalence setting in Pakistan publication-title: Sex Transm Infect doi: 10.1136/sti.2008.034660 – volume: 9 start-page: S5 issue: suppl 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib24 article-title: HIV prevention cost-effectiveness: a systematic review publication-title: BMC Public Health doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-S1-S5 – volume: 122 start-page: 170 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib17 article-title: Outcome, attrition, and family-couples treatment for drug abuse: a meta-analysis and review of the controlled, comparative studies publication-title: Psychol Bull doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.122.2.170 – volume: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib33 article-title: Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006754.pub2 – year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib47 – volume: 13 start-page: 149 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8_bib117 article-title: The impact of an HIV prevention intervention for injecting drug users in Svetlogorsk, Belarus: model predictions publication-title: Int J Drug Policy doi: 10.1016/S0955-3959(02)00071-3 |
| SSID | ssj0004605 |
| Score | 2.4812322 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider community... Summary HIV can spread rapidly between people who inject drugs (through injections and sexual transmission), and potentially the virus can pass to the wider... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed pascalfrancis crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 285 |
| SubjectTerms | Antiviral agents Biological and medical sciences Harm Reduction HIV Infections - etiology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - therapy Human immunodeficiency virus Human viral diseases Humans Immunodeficiencies Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies Immunopathology Infectious diseases Internal Medicine Medical sciences Prevention and actions Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications Viral diseases Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids |
| Title | Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural, and combination approaches are needed |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0140673610607428 https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S0140673610607428 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60742-8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650522 https://www.proquest.com/docview/748929727 https://www.proquest.com/docview/754565939 |
| Volume | 376 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Consumer Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M0R dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/familyhealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Healthcare Administration Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M0T dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthmanagement providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Proquest Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Psychology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M2M dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1474-547X dateEnd: 20250908 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004605 issn: 0140-6736 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 19920104 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEF6lLUJICPEmPKI9cAClLn7vmhuUoh5IGoVQ9WbZXptUqpyoJm3hL_KnmNnx2g2krwOXUeJkNrb3y87D38wy9lqFHtipQll-IQvLD4rMSoNEWqEr89TOXD_UTX32v4jhUB4cRKNO57ephTk5EmUpz86i-X-dajgGk42lszeY7mZQOACvYdJBwrSDvNbEm6ZM5AjuQnhnCFfEKSTOeP90OoMPMAvTV8eL75oZdzrFKkBToYV3n9rLYmsOQ_OEU4ZgmmBjGpLnVR8JZCVYwuWNPxGEVGWNnqxpoAT2UlNK2iTEpxwuB-u_KE8wWxxWjbkYkI9KQEyUeRCNm4QdIiekTuEuEY3H05mi9Q-weD6xUZNbTZazqUlolmmP9omp8RgJ6hVj1l3a96c24R7lR_6xDpSo-NoMj62wbLjYEBMElmxNoqEB_GUpG_7iCmocHNLDxHKNbbgiiJBfOHD3VhXp6h9vy8netWf0xrHf1mdzkaN0d55U8PctaN-ViwMj7SBN7rN7dWTDPxAiH7BOXj5ktwc1d-MR-9UCk88KDsDkDTA5AJMTMDkAkxMwuQbmezjyk7ew3OQtKDc5QJKfgyRvIckBkpwg-Zh9-7wz2d616p0_rCxwwh9WGBR-qqI09VKwgkqAn-onEIu4Skhb-SoEl0p5jhcmsJZI4eeF50oZ5sopkiwrMu8JWy9nZf6M8axIU-E5aeAn0lciSvI0CYIkkraXhmDsusw3tznO6rb4uDvLUXzpJHfZVqM2p74wVymEZg5jU_QMZjoGbF6lKFYp5lW95lSxE1dubJM2Kju2VgVN2WjW_jT5ydf50d4SzJpr1I_pwWx3GTe4i8Eg4VPGpMxniyrGdlZuBGHRJV_BsC2IPBjlKUG2HR9DRogJn9_0_r5gd4jYg9nRl2wdkJi_YreyE1jYjntsTYz3UR4ILSVIue302MbHneFoDO8GNskJSneg5Z6WI5Ri9AcoMBm5 |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+HIV+infection+for+people+who+inject+drugs%3A+why+individual%2C+structural%2C+and+combination+approaches+are+needed&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet+%28British+edition%29&rft.au=Degenhardt%2C+Louisa&rft.au=Mathers%2C+Bradley&rft.au=Vickerman%2C+Peter&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+Tim&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft.volume=376&rft.issue=9737&rft.spage=285&rft.epage=301&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2810%2960742-8&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_S0140_6736_10_60742_8 |
| thumbnail_m | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F01406736%2FS0140673610X61384%2Fcov150h.gif |