MAPK Signaling Regulates Nitric Oxide and NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Bursts in Nicotiana benthamiana

Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitog...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Plant cell Vol. 20; no. 5; pp. 1390 - 1406
Main Authors:	Asai, Shuta, Ohta, Kohji, Yoshioka, Hirofumi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England American Society of Plant Biologists 01.05.2008
Subjects:	Algal Proteins Algal Proteins - pharmacology Cell death Colletotrichum Colletotrichum - physiology Colletotrichum orbiculare drug effects Gene expression regulation genetics Host-Pathogen Interactions immunity Immunoblotting Inoculation Leaves MAP Kinase Kinase 2 MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - genetics MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - metabolism MAP Kinase Signaling System MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects MAP Kinase Signaling System - genetics MAP Kinase Signaling System - physiology metabolism microbiology mitogen-activated protein kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis, Site-Directed NADP (coenzyme) NADPH Oxidases NADPH Oxidases - genetics NADPH Oxidases - metabolism Nicotiana - genetics Nicotiana - metabolism Nicotiana - microbiology Nicotiana benthamiana Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Nitric Oxide Synthase - genetics Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Oomycetes Oxidases Oxides Pathogens pharmacology physiology Phytophthora Phytophthora - physiology Phytophthora infestans Plant cells Plant Proteins Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant Proteins - physiology Plants Proteins Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Tobacco
ISSN:	1040-4651, 1532-298X, 1532-298X
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions.
AbstractList	Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions.Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NO ASSOCIATED1 (NOA1) and NADPH oxidase participate in the radical burst. Here, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades MEK2-SIPK/NTF4 and MEK1-NTF6 participate in the regulation of the radical burst. NO generation was induced by conditional activation of SIPK/NTF4, but not by NTF6, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. INF1- and SIPK/NTF4-mediated NO bursts were compromised by the knockdown of NOA1. However, ROS generation was induced by either SIPK/NTF4 or NTF6. INF1- and MAPK-mediated ROS generation was eliminated by silencing Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog B (RBOHB), an inducible form of the NADPH oxidase. INF1-induced expression of RBOHB was compromised in SIPK/NTF4/NTF6-silenced leaves. These results indicated that INF1 regulates NOA1-mediated NO and RBOHB-dependent ROS generation through MAPK cascades. NOA1 silencing induced high susceptibility to Colletotrichum orbiculare but not to P. infestans; conversely, RBOHB silencing decreased resistance to P. infestans but not to C. orbiculare. These results indicate that the effects of the radical burst on the defense response appear to be diverse in plant-pathogen interactions.
Author	Yoshioka, Hirofumi Ohta, Kohji Asai, Shuta
AuthorAffiliation	b Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan a Laboratory of Defense in Plant–Pathogen Interactions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: a Laboratory of Defense in Plant–Pathogen Interactions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan – name: b Plant Pathology Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 fullname: Asai, Shuta – sequence: 2 fullname: Ohta, Kohji – sequence: 3 fullname: Yoshioka, Hirofumi
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515503$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Address correspondence to hyoshiok@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp. Online version contains Web-only data. The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Hirofumi Yoshioka (hyoshiok@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp). Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription. www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.107.055855
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Snippet	Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signals in innate immunity in plants. The radical burst is induced by INF1 elicitin, produced by the...
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SubjectTerms	Algal Proteins Algal Proteins - pharmacology Cell death Colletotrichum Colletotrichum - physiology Colletotrichum orbiculare drug effects Gene expression regulation genetics Host-Pathogen Interactions immunity Immunoblotting Inoculation Leaves MAP Kinase Kinase 2 MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - genetics MAP Kinase Kinase 2 - metabolism MAP Kinase Signaling System MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects MAP Kinase Signaling System - genetics MAP Kinase Signaling System - physiology metabolism microbiology mitogen-activated protein kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis, Site-Directed NADP (coenzyme) NADPH Oxidases NADPH Oxidases - genetics NADPH Oxidases - metabolism Nicotiana - genetics Nicotiana - metabolism Nicotiana - microbiology Nicotiana benthamiana Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Nitric Oxide Synthase - genetics Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Oomycetes Oxidases Oxides Pathogens pharmacology physiology Phytophthora Phytophthora - physiology Phytophthora infestans Plant cells Plant Proteins Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant Proteins - physiology Plants Proteins Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Tobacco
Title	MAPK Signaling Regulates Nitric Oxide and NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Oxidative Bursts in Nicotiana benthamiana
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