Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin

Lignin is the largest reservoir of aromatic compounds on earth and has great potential to be used in many industrial applications. Alternative methods to produce lignosulfonates from spent sulfite pulping liquors and kraft lignin from black liquor of kraft pulping process are critically reviewed her...

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Vydáno v:ChemSusChem Ročník 10; číslo 9; s. 1861 - 1877
Hlavní autoři: Aro, Thomas, Fatehi, Pedram
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 09.05.2017
Témata:
Aromatic compounds
biomass
Black liquor
Composite materials
Crosslinking
Dispersants
Dyes
Evaluation
Industrial applications
Kraft pulp
Lignin
Lignin - analogs & derivatives
Lignin - chemical synthesis
Lignin - chemistry
Lignosulfonates
Molecular weight
Oxidation
Production methods
Pulping
substituent effects
Sulfites - chemistry
Sulfonic Acids - chemistry
sulfur
synthesis design
sulfur
biomass
lignin
substituent effects
synthesis design
ISSN:1864-5631, 1864-564X, 1864-564X
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Shrnutí:Lignin is the largest reservoir of aromatic compounds on earth and has great potential to be used in many industrial applications. Alternative methods to produce lignosulfonates from spent sulfite pulping liquors and kraft lignin from black liquor of kraft pulping process are critically reviewed herein. Furthermore, options to increase the sulfonate contents of lignin‐based products are outlined and the industrial attractiveness of them is evaluated. This evaluation includes sulfonation and sulfomethylation of lignin. To increase the sulfomethylation efficiency of lignin, various scenarios, including hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydroxymethylation, were compared. The application of sulfonated lignin‐based products is assessed and the impact of the properties of these products on the characteristics of their end‐use application is critically evaluated. Sulfonated lignin‐based products have been used as dispersants in cement admixtures and dye solutions more than other applications, and their molecular weight and degree of sulfonation were crucial in determining their efficiency. The use of lignin‐based sulfonated products in composites may result in an increase in the hydrophilicity of some composites, but the sulfonated products may need to be desulfonated with an alkali and/or oxygen prior to their use in composites. To be used as a flocculant, sulfonated lignin‐based products may need to be cross‐linked to increase their molecular weight. The challenges associated with the use of lignin‐based products in these applications are comprehensively discussed herein. Tapping the aromatic source: The application of sulfonated lignin‐based products is assessed and the impact of the properties of these products on the characteristics of their end‐use application is critically evaluated. The challenges associated with the use of lignin‐based products in these applications are also comprehensively discussed.
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ISSN:1864-5631
1864-564X
1864-564X
DOI:10.1002/cssc.201700082