Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity
Hypothesis: Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childh...
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| Vydáno v: | International Journal of Obesity Ročník 38; číslo 1; s. 46 - 52 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.01.2014
Nature Publishing Group |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Hypothesis:
Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity.
Methods:
In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6–16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity.
Results:
Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ⩽37.5 nmol l
–1
, and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5–50 nmol l
–1
) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (⩾50 nmol l
–1
). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin.
Conclusion:
25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity.HYPOTHESISChildhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity.In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity.METHODSIn a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity.Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ≤37.5 nmol l(-1), and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol l(-1)) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (≥50 nmol l(-1)). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin.RESULTSSevere vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ≤37.5 nmol l(-1), and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol l(-1)) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (≥50 nmol l(-1)). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin.25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation.CONCLUSION25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. HYPOTHESIS: Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level [less than or equal to] 37.5 nmol [l.sup.-1], and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol [l.sup.-1]) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (≥ 50 nmol [l.sup.-1]). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin. CONCLUSION: 25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. International Journal of Obesity (2014) 38, 46-52; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.75 Keywords: childhood obesity; vitamin D; insulin sensitivity; inflammation; adipokines HYPOTHESIS: Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. International Journal of Obesity (2014) 38, 46-52; doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.75 Hypothesis:Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity. Results: Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level less than or equal to 37.5 nmol l super(-1), and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol l super(-1)) and 25(OH)D sufficient children ( greater than or equal to 50 nmol l super(-1)). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin. Conclusion: 25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity. Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ≤37.5 nmol l(-1), and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol l(-1)) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (≥50 nmol l(-1)). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin. 25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. Hypothesis: Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6–16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity. Results: Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ⩽37.5 nmol l –1 , and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5–50 nmol l –1 ) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (⩾50 nmol l –1 ). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin. Conclusion: 25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications later in life. As vitamin D exhibits profound immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in childhood obesity, we hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity coincides with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. In a cross-sectional study of 64 obese and 32 healthy children aged 6-16 years, comprehensive profiling of 32 circulating inflammatory mediators was performed, together with assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and measures for insulin sensitivity. Severe vitamin D insufficiency, which is further referred to as vitamin D deficiency, was defined as a 25(OH)D level ≤37.5 nmol l(-1), and was highly prevalent in obese (56%) versus healthy control children (16%). Throughout the study, 25(OH)D-deficient children were compared with the other children, including 25(OH)D insufficient (37.5-50 nmol l(-1)) and 25(OH)D sufficient children (≥50 nmol l(-1)). First, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed a lower insulin sensitivity than other obese children, as measured by a lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Second, the association between 25(OH)D deficiency and insulin resistance in childhood obesity was confirmed with multiple regression analysis. Third, 25(OH)D-deficient obese children showed higher levels of the inflammatory mediators cathepsin S, chemerin and soluble vascular adhesion molecule (sVCAM), compared with the other obese children. Finally, hierarchical cluster analysis revealed an over-representation of 25(OH)D deficiency in obese children expressing inflammatory mediator clusters with high levels of cathepsin S, sVCAM and chemerin. 25(OH)D deficiency in childhood obesity was associated with enhanced systemic inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The high cathepsin S and sVCAM levels may reflect activation of a pro-inflammatory, pro-diabetic and atherogenic pathway, which could be inhibited by vitamin D supplementation. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | van Summeren, M Prakken, B Verrijn Stuart, A A de Boer, F K Schipper, H S Reyman, M Kalkhoven, E Rakhshandehroo, M Nuboer, R van den Ham, H J |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M surname: Reyman fullname: Reyman, M organization: Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 2 givenname: A A surname: Verrijn Stuart fullname: Verrijn Stuart, A A organization: Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 3 givenname: M surname: van Summeren fullname: van Summeren, M organization: Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 4 givenname: M surname: Rakhshandehroo fullname: Rakhshandehroo, M organization: Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 5 givenname: R surname: Nuboer fullname: Nuboer, R organization: Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Center – sequence: 6 givenname: F K surname: de Boer fullname: de Boer, F K organization: Department of Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht – sequence: 7 givenname: H J surname: van den Ham fullname: van den Ham, H J organization: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center – sequence: 8 givenname: E surname: Kalkhoven fullname: Kalkhoven, E organization: Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 9 givenname: B surname: Prakken fullname: Prakken, B organization: Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht – sequence: 10 givenname: H S surname: Schipper fullname: Schipper, H S email: h.s.schipper-4@umcutrecht.nl organization: Department of Pediatric Immunology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht |
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| Copyright | Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 2015 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2014 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2014 |
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| DOI | 10.1038/ijo.2013.75 |
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| Keywords | insulin sensitivity adipokines inflammation vitamin D childhood obesity Human Obesity Pancreatic hormone Nutrition Insulin sensitivity Nutrition disorder Metabolic diseases Inflammation Adipokine Insulin Association Vitamin D Mediator Child Nutritional status |
| Language | English |
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| PublicationTitle | International Journal of Obesity |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Int J Obes |
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group |
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Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular... Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular... HYPOTHESIS: Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular... Hypothesis:Childhood obesity is accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular... |
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| Title | Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity |
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