Vegetation Analysis and Environmental Relationships of Qatar’s Depression Habitat

Despite Qatar’s depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar’s depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied mult...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Plants (Basel) Jg. 14; H. 12; S. 1807
Hauptverfasser:	Elgharib, Ahmed, Trigo, María del Mar, Moursy, Mohamed M., Soultan, Alaaeldin
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland MDPI AG 12.06.2025 MDPI
Schlagworte:	Angiosperms Arid regions Arid zones Aridity Biodiversity canonical correspondence analysis Carbon content Climate change depression Distribution Eigenvalues Environmental aspects Environmental factors floristic diversity Flowers & plants Geographical distribution Grasses Grazing Habitats Identification and classification Indicator species Observations phytogeographical analysis Plant species Sandy soils Soil chemistry Soil pH soil–vegetation relationships Species richness TWINSPAN Vegetation Vegetation dynamics Vegetation patterns Qatar soil–vegetation relationships depression canonical correspondence analysis floristic diversity TWINSPAN phytogeographical analysis
ISSN:	2223-7747, 2223-7747
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Abstract	Despite Qatar’s depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar’s depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied multivariate analyses, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), to understand the environmental factors that shape vegetation communities and classify the depression sites. A total of 139 plant species from 35 families were recorded from 26 depression sites across Qatar. Both therophytes and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms. Biregional chorotypes were the most prevalent among phytogeographical groups. CCA indicated that grazing pressure, latitude, nitrogen concentration, clay content, and soil pH were among the variables that influenced the vegetation patterns of depressions, while longitude and soil carbon content showed marginal significance in explaining the observed floristic variation. TWINSPAN classified the sites into four distinct clusters, each associated with specific indicator species and habitat conditions. Northern depressions supported higher species richness compared to central and southern depressions, which are dominated by sandy soils and experience intensive grazing patterns that reduce the floristic diversity and limited regeneration of key shrubs such as Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi. This study helps fill a critical knowledge gap about Qatar’s depression habitat, enhancing efforts to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems, identify ecological threats, and better understand patterns of species distribution across arid landscapes.
AbstractList	Despite Qatar’s depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar’s depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied multivariate analyses, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), to understand the environmental factors that shape vegetation communities and classify the depression sites. A total of 139 plant species from 35 families were recorded from 26 depression sites across Qatar. Both therophytes and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms. Biregional chorotypes were the most prevalent among phytogeographical groups. CCA indicated that grazing pressure, latitude, nitrogen concentration, clay content, and soil pH were among the variables that influenced the vegetation patterns of depressions, while longitude and soil carbon content showed marginal significance in explaining the observed floristic variation. TWINSPAN classified the sites into four distinct clusters, each associated with specific indicator species and habitat conditions. Northern depressions supported higher species richness compared to central and southern depressions, which are dominated by sandy soils and experience intensive grazing patterns that reduce the floristic diversity and limited regeneration of key shrubs such as Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi. This study helps fill a critical knowledge gap about Qatar’s depression habitat, enhancing efforts to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems, identify ecological threats, and better understand patterns of species distribution across arid landscapes. Despite Qatar's depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar's depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied multivariate analyses, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), to understand the environmental factors that shape vegetation communities and classify the depression sites. A total of 139 plant species from 35 families were recorded from 26 depression sites across Qatar. Both therophytes and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms. Biregional chorotypes were the most prevalent among phytogeographical groups. CCA indicated that grazing pressure, latitude, nitrogen concentration, clay content, and soil pH were among the variables that influenced the vegetation patterns of depressions, while longitude and soil carbon content showed marginal significance in explaining the observed floristic variation. TWINSPAN classified the sites into four distinct clusters, each associated with specific indicator species and habitat conditions. Northern depressions supported higher species richness compared to central and southern depressions, which are dominated by sandy soils and experience intensive grazing patterns that reduce the floristic diversity and limited regeneration of key shrubs such as Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi. This study helps fill a critical knowledge gap about Qatar's depression habitat, enhancing efforts to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems, identify ecological threats, and better understand patterns of species distribution across arid landscapes.Despite Qatar's depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar's depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied multivariate analyses, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), to understand the environmental factors that shape vegetation communities and classify the depression sites. A total of 139 plant species from 35 families were recorded from 26 depression sites across Qatar. Both therophytes and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms. Biregional chorotypes were the most prevalent among phytogeographical groups. CCA indicated that grazing pressure, latitude, nitrogen concentration, clay content, and soil pH were among the variables that influenced the vegetation patterns of depressions, while longitude and soil carbon content showed marginal significance in explaining the observed floristic variation. TWINSPAN classified the sites into four distinct clusters, each associated with specific indicator species and habitat conditions. Northern depressions supported higher species richness compared to central and southern depressions, which are dominated by sandy soils and experience intensive grazing patterns that reduce the floristic diversity and limited regeneration of key shrubs such as Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi. This study helps fill a critical knowledge gap about Qatar's depression habitat, enhancing efforts to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems, identify ecological threats, and better understand patterns of species distribution across arid landscapes. Despite Qatar's depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing the floristic diversity of Qatar's depression habitat and examining the key environmental drivers shaping vegetation patterns. We applied multivariate analyses, including Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN), to understand the environmental factors that shape vegetation communities and classify the depression sites. A total of 139 plant species from 35 families were recorded from 26 depression sites across Qatar. Both therophytes and chamaephytes were the dominant life forms. Biregional chorotypes were the most prevalent among phytogeographical groups. CCA indicated that grazing pressure, latitude, nitrogen concentration, clay content, and soil pH were among the variables that influenced the vegetation patterns of depressions, while longitude and soil carbon content showed marginal significance in explaining the observed floristic variation. TWINSPAN classified the sites into four distinct clusters, each associated with specific indicator species and habitat conditions. Northern depressions supported higher species richness compared to central and southern depressions, which are dominated by sandy soils and experience intensive grazing patterns that reduce the floristic diversity and limited regeneration of key shrubs such as (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi. This study helps fill a critical knowledge gap about Qatar's depression habitat, enhancing efforts to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems, identify ecological threats, and better understand patterns of species distribution across arid landscapes.
Audience	Academic
Author	Moursy, Mohamed M. Soultan, Alaaeldin Elgharib, Ahmed Trigo, María del Mar
AuthorAffiliation	3 Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland 1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; aerox@uma.es 2 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; mmmoursy@azhar.edu.eg
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; aerox@uma.es – name: 3 Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland – name: 2 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; mmmoursy@azhar.edu.eg
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ahmed orcidid: 0000-0002-9161-3878 surname: Elgharib fullname: Elgharib, Ahmed – sequence: 2 givenname: María del Mar orcidid: 0000-0002-6571-5205 surname: Trigo fullname: Trigo, María del Mar – sequence: 3 givenname: Mohamed M. orcidid: 0000-0002-2487-8438 surname: Moursy fullname: Moursy, Mohamed M. – sequence: 4 givenname: Alaaeldin orcidid: 0000-0002-3976-2657 surname: Soultan fullname: Soultan, Alaaeldin
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Keywords	soil–vegetation relationships depression canonical correspondence analysis floristic diversity TWINSPAN phytogeographical analysis
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Snippet	Despite Qatar’s depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing... Despite Qatar's depressions being ecologically significant for biodiversity in arid desert regions, they remain poorly studied. This study aimed at assessing...
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SubjectTerms	Angiosperms Arid regions Arid zones Aridity Biodiversity canonical correspondence analysis Carbon content Climate change depression Distribution Eigenvalues Environmental aspects Environmental factors floristic diversity Flowers & plants Geographical distribution Grasses Grazing Habitats Identification and classification Indicator species Observations phytogeographical analysis Plant species Sandy soils Soil chemistry Soil pH soil–vegetation relationships Species richness TWINSPAN Vegetation Vegetation dynamics Vegetation patterns
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Title	Vegetation Analysis and Environmental Relationships of Qatar’s Depression Habitat
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