The Effects of Glyphosate and Roundup® Herbicides on the Kidneys’ Cortex and the Medulla and on Renal Tubular Cells’ Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxidative Stress

Glyphosate (GP) and its derivatives are present in almost all environments and suspected to induce acute and chronic kidney injuries. This public health issue is relatively underexplored. We therefore conducted an investigation on rats and tubular HK2 cells cultured for 24 h to determine whether GP’...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 30; no. 11; p. 2335
Main Authors: Rihani, Rayhana, Charles, Anne-Laure, Oulehri, Walid, Geny, Bernard
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.05.2025
MDPI
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Cell Line
Cell Respiration - drug effects
Glycine - analogs & derivatives
Glycine - pharmacology
Glycine - toxicity
Glyphosate
Health aspects
herbicide
Herbicides
Herbicides - pharmacology
Herbicides - toxicity
Homeostasis
Humans
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism
kidney
Kidney Cortex - drug effects
Kidney Cortex - metabolism
Kidney Medulla - drug effects
Kidney Medulla - metabolism
Kidney Tubules - cytology
Kidney Tubules - drug effects
Kidney Tubules - metabolism
Kidneys
Male
medulla
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - drug effects
Mitochondria - metabolism
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Rats
renal cortex
Respiration
Roundup
Surfactants
Toxicity
France
medulla
kidney
renal cortex
Roundup
mitochondria
herbicide
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
HK2 cells
oxidative stress
glyphosate
mitochondrial respiration
ISSN:1420-3049, 1420-3049
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Glyphosate (GP) and its derivatives are present in almost all environments and suspected to induce acute and chronic kidney injuries. This public health issue is relatively underexplored. We therefore conducted an investigation on rats and tubular HK2 cells cultured for 24 h to determine whether GP’s and Roundup’s® (RU) potential renal toxicity might be related to mitochondrial respiration impairment and the increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in both the renal cortex and medulla (involved in filtration and reabsorption, respectively) using a high-resolution oxygraph (Oxygraph-2K, Oroboros instruments). GP alone decreased maximal uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in the medulla (−14.2%, p = 0.02). RU decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and I + II and the maximal respiratory capacity both in the renal cortex (−13.5%, p = 0.04; −20.1%, p = 0.009; and −14.7%, p = 0.08, respectively) and in the medulla for OXPHOS I + II (80.82 ± 7.88 vs. 61.03 ± 7.67 pmol/(s·mL), −24.5%, p = 0.003). Similarly, in HK2 cells, the decrease in OXPHOS CI + II was greater after RU (65.87 ± 1.30 vs. 51.82 ± 3.50 pmol/(s·mL), −21.3%, p = 0.04) compared to GP. Increased H2O2 production was mainly observed after RU in the medulla (+14.3% in OXPHOS CI + II, p = 0.04) and in HK2 cells (+19% in OXPHOS CI + II, p = 0.02). In conclusion, although the medulla might be more prone to GP-related mitochondrial damage, RU toxicity was greater in both the renal cortex and medulla and in cultured tubular HK2 cells. Enhancing mitochondrial respiration and reducing oxidative stress might favor the prevention of or reduction in such worldwide-used herbicides’ deleterious effects on the kidneys.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules30112335