FtsZ-Dependent Elongation of a Coccoid Bacterium

A mechanistic understanding of the determination and maintenance of the simplest bacterial cell shape, a sphere, remains elusive compared with that of more complex shapes. Cocci seem to lack a dedicated elongation machinery, and a spherical shape has been considered an evolutionary dead-end morpholo...

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Vydané v:	mBio Ročník 7; číslo 5
Hlavní autori:	Pereira, Ana R., Hsin, Jen, Król, Ewa, Tavares, Andreia C., Flores, Pierre, Hoiczyk, Egbert, Ng, Natalie, Dajkovic, Alex, Brun, Yves V., VanNieuwenhze, Michael S., Roemer, Terry, Carballido-Lopez, Rut, Scheffers, Dirk-Jan, Huang, Kerwyn Casey, Pinho, Mariana G.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States American Society for Microbiology 06.09.2016
Predmet:	Bacteria Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Proteins - metabolism Cell cycle Cell division Cell size Cell walls Cocci Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics Cytoskeletal Proteins - metabolism Elongation Filaments Life Sciences Microscopy Molecular Dynamics Simulation Morphogenesis Morphology Mutant Proteins - genetics Mutant Proteins - metabolism Mutants Mutation Mutation, Missense Point mutation Polymers Protein Conformation Proteins Scanning electron microscopy Simulation Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus - cytology Staphylococcus aureus - genetics Tubulin
ISSN:	2161-2129, 2150-7511, 2150-7511
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Shrnutí:	A mechanistic understanding of the determination and maintenance of the simplest bacterial cell shape, a sphere, remains elusive compared with that of more complex shapes. Cocci seem to lack a dedicated elongation machinery, and a spherical shape has been considered an evolutionary dead-end morphology, as a transition from a spherical to a rod-like shape has never been observed in bacteria. Here we show that a Staphylococcus aureus mutant (M5) expressing the ftsZ G193D allele exhibits elongated cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro studies indicate that FtsZ G193D filaments are more twisted and shorter than wild-type filaments. In vivo , M5 cell wall deposition is initiated asymmetrically, only on one side of the cell, and progresses into a helical pattern rather than into a constricting ring as in wild-type cells. This helical pattern of wall insertion leads to elongation, as in rod-shaped cells. Thus, structural flexibility of FtsZ filaments can result in an FtsZ-dependent mechanism for generating elongated cells from cocci. IMPORTANCE The mechanisms by which bacteria generate and maintain even the simplest cell shape remain an elusive but fundamental question in microbiology. In the absence of examples of coccus-to-rod transitions, the spherical shape has been suggested to be an evolutionary dead end in morphogenesis. We describe the first observation of the generation of elongated cells from truly spherical cocci, occurring in a Staphylococcus aureus mutant containing a single point mutation in its genome, in the gene encoding the bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ. We demonstrate that FtsZ-dependent cell elongation is possible, even in the absence of dedicated elongation machinery. The mechanisms by which bacteria generate and maintain even the simplest cell shape remain an elusive but fundamental question in microbiology. In the absence of examples of coccus-to-rod transitions, the spherical shape has been suggested to be an evolutionary dead end in morphogenesis. We describe the first observation of the generation of elongated cells from truly spherical cocci, occurring in a Staphylococcus aureus mutant containing a single point mutation in its genome, in the gene encoding the bacterial tubulin homologue FtsZ. We demonstrate that FtsZ-dependent cell elongation is possible, even in the absence of dedicated elongation machinery.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Editor Steven J. Projan, MedImmune
ISSN:	2161-2129 2150-7511 2150-7511
DOI:	10.1128/mBio.00908-16