European Association of Urology Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Summary of the 2020 Guidelines

This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. A b...

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Vydané v:European urology Ročník 79; číslo 1; s. 82 - 104
Hlavní autori: Witjes, J. Alfred, Bruins, Harman Max, Cathomas, Richard, Compérat, Eva M., Cowan, Nigel C., Gakis, Georgios, Hernández, Virginia, Linares Espinós, Estefania, Lorch, Anja, Neuzillet, Yann, Rouanne, Mathieu, Thalmann, George N., Veskimäe, Erik, Ribal, Maria J., van der Heijden, Antoine G.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Elsevier B.V 01.01.2021
Elsevier
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ISSN:0302-2838, 1873-7560, 1873-7560, 1421-993X
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Abstract This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted. Variant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non–muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in “fit” patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1–negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/. This summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. The European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion remains the mainstay of managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has improved overall survival rates, but selection of patients who will benefit most from NAC remains challenging. In case bladder-preserving strategies are considered, patient stratification according to their risk profile is imperative and management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team. As yet, there are no validated prognostic molecular markers to guide the clinical management of MIBC. In a metastatic setting, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice in fit patients. In unfit patients, based on interim results from two on-going clinical trials, first-line treatment with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab for urothelial cancer is restricted to Programmed Death Ligand 1-positive patients only.
AbstractList Context: This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). Objective: To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. Evidence acquisition: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted. Evidence synthesis: Variant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non–muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in “fit” patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1–negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/. Conclusions: This summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. Patient summary: The European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion remains the mainstay of managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has improved overall survival rates, but selection of patients who will benefit most from NAC remains challenging. In case bladder-preserving strategies are considered, patient stratification according to their risk profile is imperative and management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team. As yet, there are no validated prognostic molecular markers to guide the clinical management of MIBC. In a metastatic setting, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice in fit patients. In unfit patients, based on interim results from two on-going clinical trials, first-line treatment with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab for urothelial cancer is restricted to Programmed Death Ligand 1-positive patients only.
This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted. Variant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non–muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in “fit” patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1–negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/. This summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. The European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion remains the mainstay of managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has improved overall survival rates, but selection of patients who will benefit most from NAC remains challenging. In case bladder-preserving strategies are considered, patient stratification according to their risk profile is imperative and management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team. As yet, there are no validated prognostic molecular markers to guide the clinical management of MIBC. In a metastatic setting, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice in fit patients. In unfit patients, based on interim results from two on-going clinical trials, first-line treatment with pembrolizumab or atezolizumab for urothelial cancer is restricted to Programmed Death Ligand 1-positive patients only.
This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment. A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted. Variant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in "fit" patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1-negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/. This summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. The European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease.
This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC).CONTEXTThis overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC).To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment.OBJECTIVETo provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment.A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted.EVIDENCE ACQUISITIONA broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the MMIBC guideline has been performed annually since its 2017 publication (based on the 2016 guideline). Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries, resulting in yearly guideline updates. A level of evidence and a grade of recommendation were assigned. Additionally, the results of a collaborative multistakeholder consensus project on advanced bladder cancer (BC) have been incorporated in the 2020 guidelines, addressing those areas where it is unlikely that prospective comparative studies will be conducted.Variant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in "fit" patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1-negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/.EVIDENCE SYNTHESISVariant histologies are increasingly reported in invasive BC and are relevant for treatment and prognosis. Staging is preferably done with (enhanced) computerised tomography scanning. Treatment decisions are still largely based on clinical factors. Radical cystectomy (RC) with lymph node dissection remains the recommended treatment in highest-risk non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive nonmetastatic BC, preceded by cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for invasive tumours in "fit" patients. Selected men and women benefit from sexuality sparing RC, although this is not recommended as standard therapy. Open and robotic RC show comparable outcomes, provided the procedure is performed in experienced centres. For open RC 10, the minimum selected case load is 10 procedures per year. If bladder preservation is considered, chemoradiation is an alternative in well-selected patients without carcinoma in situ and after maximal resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered if no NAC was given. Perioperative immunotherapy can be offered in clinical trial setting. For fit metastatic patients, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the first choice. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, immunotherapy in Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients or carboplatin in PD-L1-negative patients is recommended. For second-line treatment in metastatic disease, pembrolizumab is recommended. Postchemotherapy surgery may prolong survival in responders. Quality of life should be monitored in all phases of treatment and follow-up. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/.This summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice.CONCLUSIONSThis summary of the 2020 EAU MMIBC guideline provides updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of MMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice.The European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease.PATIENT SUMMARYThe European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (MMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guideline, which contains information on histology, staging, prognostic factors, and treatment of MMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2019), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses and on the findings of an international consensus meeting. Surgical removal of the bladder and bladder preservation are discussed, as well as the use of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in localised and metastatic disease.
Author Gakis, Georgios
Neuzillet, Yann
Compérat, Eva M.
van der Heijden, Antoine G.
Lorch, Anja
Linares Espinós, Estefania
Cowan, Nigel C.
Ribal, Maria J.
Cathomas, Richard
Hernández, Virginia
Thalmann, George N.
Rouanne, Mathieu
Witjes, J. Alfred
Bruins, Harman Max
Veskimäe, Erik
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: J. Alfred
  surname: Witjes
  fullname: Witjes, J. Alfred
  email: Fred.Witjes@radboudumc.nl
  organization: Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Harman Max
  surname: Bruins
  fullname: Bruins, Harman Max
  organization: Department of Urology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen-Heerlen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Richard
  surname: Cathomas
  fullname: Cathomas, Richard
  organization: Department of Medical Oncology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Eva M.
  surname: Compérat
  fullname: Compérat, Eva M.
  organization: Department of Pathology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Tenon, Paris, France
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Nigel C.
  surname: Cowan
  fullname: Cowan, Nigel C.
  organization: Department of Radiology, The Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Georgios
  surname: Gakis
  fullname: Gakis, Georgios
  organization: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Virginia
  surname: Hernández
  fullname: Hernández, Virginia
  organization: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Estefania
  surname: Linares Espinós
  fullname: Linares Espinós, Estefania
  organization: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Anja
  surname: Lorch
  fullname: Lorch, Anja
  organization: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Yann
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4345-3598
  surname: Neuzillet
  fullname: Neuzillet, Yann
  organization: Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Mathieu
  surname: Rouanne
  fullname: Rouanne, Mathieu
  organization: Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
– sequence: 12
  givenname: George N.
  surname: Thalmann
  fullname: Thalmann, George N.
  organization: Department of Urology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Erik
  surname: Veskimäe
  fullname: Veskimäe, Erik
  organization: Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Maria J.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8142-5382
  surname: Ribal
  fullname: Ribal, Maria J.
  organization: Department of Urology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Antoine G.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8839-8601
  surname: van der Heijden
  fullname: van der Heijden, Antoine G.
  organization: Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360052$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Cystectomy
Multimodality
Metastatic
Muscle invasive
Diagnosis
Management
Bladder cancer
European Association of Urology
Quality of life
Follow-up
Guidelines
Language English
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Snippet This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). To provide...
This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC).CONTEXTThis...
Context: This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC)....
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SubjectTerms Bladder cancer
Cystectomy
Decision Trees
Diagnosis
European Association of Urology
Follow-up
Guidelines
Human health and pathology
Humans
Life Sciences
Management
Metastatic
Multimodality
Muscle invasive
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Neoplasm Metastasis
Quality of life
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnosis
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - therapy
Urology and Nephrology
Title European Association of Urology Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Summary of the 2020 Guidelines
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.055
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360052
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Volume 79
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