Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has...

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Published in:Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society Vol. 95; no. 6; pp. 1855 - 1872
Main Authors: Mammola, Stefano, Amorim, Isabel R., Bichuette, Maria E., Borges, Paulo A. V., Cheeptham, Naowarat, Cooper, Steven J. B., Culver, David C., Deharveng, Louis, Eme, David, Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, Fišer, Cene, Fišer, Žiga, Fong, Daniel W., Griebler, Christian, Jeffery, William R., Jugovic, Jure, Kowalko, Johanna E., Lilley, Thomas M., Malard, Florian, Manenti, Raoul, Martínez, Alejandro, Meierhofer, Melissa B., Niemiller, Matthew L., Northup, Diana E., Pellegrini, Thais G., Pipan, Tanja, Protas, Meredith, Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., Venarsky, Michael P., Wynne, J. Judson, Zagmajster, Maja, Cardoso, Pedro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2020
Wiley
Subjects:
Biodiversity and Ecology
Biogeography
Biologists
Biology
biospeleology
cave biology
Caves
Environmental Sciences
Evolutionary conservation
expert opinion
Genetics
Geology
groundwater
horizon scanning
Laboratories
Laboratory tests
Microorganisms
Questions
research questions
stygofauna
troglobionts
Underground caverns
cave biology
expert opinion
biospeleology
stygofauna
groundwater
horizon scanning
research questions
troglobionts
ISSN:1464-7931, 1469-185X, 1469-185X
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well‐established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top‐priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis‐driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
AbstractList Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well‐established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top‐priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis‐driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well‐established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top‐priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis‐driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
Author Jeffery, William R.
Deharveng, Louis
Venarsky, Michael P.
Fišer, Žiga
Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Martínez, Alejandro
Lilley, Thomas M.
Zagmajster, Maja
Kowalko, Johanna E.
Malard, Florian
Cheeptham, Naowarat
Fišer, Cene
Cardoso, Pedro
Cooper, Steven J. B.
Fong, Daniel W.
Amorim, Isabel R.
Bichuette, Maria E.
Meierhofer, Melissa B.
Mammola, Stefano
Griebler, Christian
Niemiller, Matthew L.
Protas, Meredith
Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
Northup, Diana E.
Borges, Paulo A. V.
Culver, David C.
Jugovic, Jure
Pipan, Tanja
Eme, David
Manenti, Raoul
Pellegrini, Thais G.
Wynne, J. Judson
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-4471-9055
  surname: Mammola
  fullname: Mammola, Stefano
  email: stefano.mammola@helsinki.fi
  organization: Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Isabel R.
  surname: Amorim
  fullname: Amorim, Isabel R.
  organization: Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Rua Capitão João d'Àvila
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Maria E.
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  organization: Federal University of São Carlos
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  fullname: Culver, David C.
  organization: American University
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  organization: Museum national d'Histoire naturelle
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  surname: Eme
  fullname: Eme, David
  organization: Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique
– sequence: 10
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  organization: Federal University of Lavras
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  givenname: Daniel W.
  surname: Fong
  fullname: Fong, Daniel W.
  organization: American University
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  givenname: Christian
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  givenname: William R.
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  organization: University of Maryland
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  givenname: Jure
  surname: Jugovic
  fullname: Jugovic, Jure
  organization: University of Primorska
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  givenname: Johanna E.
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  surname: Kowalko
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  organization: University of Helsinki
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  givenname: Raoul
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  surname: Manenti
  fullname: Manenti, Raoul
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  givenname: Alejandro
  surname: Martínez
  fullname: Martínez, Alejandro
  organization: Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR)
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  givenname: Melissa B.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2384-1999
  surname: Meierhofer
  fullname: Meierhofer, Melissa B.
  organization: Texas A&M University
– sequence: 23
  givenname: Matthew L.
  surname: Niemiller
  fullname: Niemiller, Matthew L.
  organization: The University of Alabama in Huntsville
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  givenname: Diana E.
  surname: Northup
  fullname: Northup, Diana E.
  organization: University of New Mexico
– sequence: 25
  givenname: Thais G.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6725-9429
  surname: Pellegrini
  fullname: Pellegrini, Thais G.
  organization: Federal University of Lavras
– sequence: 26
  givenname: Tanja
  surname: Pipan
  fullname: Pipan, Tanja
  organization: University of Nova Gorica
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– sequence: 28
  givenname: Ana Sofia P. S.
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  fullname: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
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  givenname: Michael P.
  surname: Venarsky
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  organization: Northern Arizona University
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  surname: Cardoso
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  email: pedro.cardoso@helsinki.fi
  organization: University of Helsinki
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32841483$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03066110$$DView record in HAL
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Issue 6
Keywords cave biology
expert opinion
biospeleology
stygofauna
groundwater
horizon scanning
research questions
troglobionts
Language English
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Snippet ABSTRACT Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to...
Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and...
Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and...
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SubjectTerms Biodiversity and Ecology
Biogeography
Biologists
Biology
biospeleology
cave biology
Caves
Environmental Sciences
Evolutionary conservation
expert opinion
Genetics
Geology
groundwater
horizon scanning
Laboratories
Laboratory tests
Microorganisms
Questions
research questions
stygofauna
troglobionts
Underground caverns
Title Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbrv.12642
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32841483
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2457780405
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https://univ-lyon1.hal.science/hal-03066110
Volume 95
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