Assessment of the Exposure of Turkey Farmers to Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Working Practices

The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from sc...

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Published in:Veterinary sciences Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 13
Main Authors: Franceschini, Giorgio, Bottino, Marta, Millet, Ilary, Martello, Elisa, Zaltron, Francesca, Favretto, Anna Rosa, Vonesch, Nicoletta, Tomao, Paola, Mannelli, Alessandro
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2019
MDPI
Subjects:
Agriculture
airborne transmission
animal farms
Animals
antibiotic resistance
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Data collection
direct contact
Drug resistance
dust
enzymes
farm labor
Farmers
farming systems
Farms
Farmworkers
FMEA
Hogs
humans
interviews
Italy
Laboratories
Literature reviews
Methicillin
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
milling
Occupational exposure
Poultry
poults
Risk assessment
Risk factors
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Turkey (country)
turkeys
Vaccination
veterinarians
workers
β Lactamase
Italy
Turkey (country)
risk assessment
animal farms
FMEA
farmers
antimicrobial resistance
workers
ISSN:2306-7381, 2306-7381
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Abstract The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.
AbstractList The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.
The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.
The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms of the occupational probability of exposure to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, for farm workers. We gathered evidence and data from scientific literature, on risk factors for AMR in farmers, and on the prevalence of those hazards across farming phases. We administered semi-structured interviews to public and private veterinarians in Northern Italy, to obtain detailed information on turkey farming phases, and on working practices. Data were then integrated into a semi-quantitative Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Those working practices, which are characterized by direct contact with numerous animals, and which are carried out frequently, with rare use of personal protection devices resulted as associated with the greatest probability of exposure to AMR. For methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), these included vaccination and administration of any individual therapy, and removal and milling of litter, given the exposure of farmers to high dust level. Indeed, levels of occupational exposure to MRSA are enhanced by its transmission routes, which include direct contact with animal, as well as airborne transmission. Level of exposure to extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) is more strictly associated with direct contact and the oral-fecal route. Consequently, exposure to ESBL resulted and associated with the routinely tipping over of poults turned on their back, and with the individual administration of therapies.
Author Zaltron, Francesca
Vonesch, Nicoletta
Tomao, Paola
Bottino, Marta
Mannelli, Alessandro
Favretto, Anna Rosa
Martello, Elisa
Franceschini, Giorgio
Millet, Ilary
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational Hygiene and the Environment, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy; n.vonesch@inail.it (N.V.); p.tomao@inail.it (P.T.)
1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; marta.bottino@unito.it (M.B.); ilary.millet@unito.it (I.M.); martello.elisa@gmail.com (E.M.)
2 Department of Law and Political, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; francesca.zaltron@asie.it (F.Z.); favretto@asie.it (A.R.F.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational Hygiene and the Environment, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy; n.vonesch@inail.it (N.V.); p.tomao@inail.it (P.T.)
– name: 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; marta.bottino@unito.it (M.B.); ilary.millet@unito.it (I.M.); martello.elisa@gmail.com (E.M.)
– name: 2 Department of Law and Political, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; francesca.zaltron@asie.it (F.Z.); favretto@asie.it (A.R.F.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30717204$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2019 by the authors. 2019
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Issue 1
Keywords risk assessment
animal farms
FMEA
farmers
antimicrobial resistance
workers
Language English
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Snippet The objective of the present study was the identification of farming practices in the production of turkeys for human consumption, and their ranking in terms...
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StartPage 13
SubjectTerms Agriculture
airborne transmission
animal farms
Animals
antibiotic resistance
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria
Data collection
direct contact
Drug resistance
dust
enzymes
farm labor
Farmers
farming systems
Farms
Farmworkers
FMEA
Hogs
humans
interviews
Italy
Laboratories
Literature reviews
Methicillin
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
milling
Occupational exposure
Poultry
poults
Risk assessment
Risk factors
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus infections
Turkey (country)
turkeys
Vaccination
veterinarians
workers
β Lactamase
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Title Assessment of the Exposure of Turkey Farmers to Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Working Practices
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