Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations

Aims Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT...

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Published in:	British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol. 78; no. 2; pp. 373 - 383
Main Authors:	Ji, Yuan, Schaid, Daniel J., Desta, Zeruesenay, Kubo, Michiaki, Batzler, Anthony J., Snyder, Karen, Mushiroda, Taisei, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Ogburn, Evan, Hall‐Flavin, Daniel, Flockhart, David, Nakamura, Yusuke, Mrazek, David A., Weinshilboum, Richard M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Blackwell Science Inc 01.08.2014
Subjects:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biotransformation citalopram Citalopram - blood Citalopram - metabolism Citalopram - therapeutic use Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism escitalopram Female Genome-Wide Association Study Humans major depressive disorder Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Pharmacogenetics plasma drug concentration Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use Young Adult plasma drug concentration escitalopram selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor major depressive disorder citalopram genome-wide association study
ISSN:	0306-5251, 1365-2125, 1365-2125
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Abstract	Aims Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT. Methods Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects. Results Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation. Conclusions In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
AbstractList	Aims Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT. Methods Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects. Results Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation. Conclusions In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S-CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S-CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT.AIMSCitalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S-CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S-CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT.Our genome-wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within-subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.METHODSOur genome-wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within-subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.Genome-wide significant associations were observed for S-CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10(-9) ) and with S-didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10(-16) ), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.RESULTSGenome-wide significant associations were observed for S-CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10(-9) ) and with S-didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10(-16) ), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome-wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.CONCLUSIONSIn vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome-wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S-CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S-CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT. Our genome-wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within-subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects. Genome-wide significant associations were observed for S-CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10(-9) ) and with S-didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10(-16) ), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation. In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome-wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S-CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S-CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT. Our genome-wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within-subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects. Genome-wide significant associations were observed for S-CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 10-9) and with S-didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 10-16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation. In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome-wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S-CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
Author	Snyder, Karen Hall‐Flavin, Daniel Weinshilboum, Richard M. Kamatani, Naoyuki Schaid, Daniel J. Kubo, Michiaki Batzler, Anthony J. Flockhart, David Nakamura, Yusuke Mrazek, David A. Ji, Yuan Mushiroda, Taisei Desta, Zeruesenay Ogburn, Evan
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Copyright	2014 The British Pharmacological Society 2014 The British Pharmacological Society. 2014 The British Pharmacological Society 2014
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Keywords	plasma drug concentration escitalopram selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor major depressive disorder citalopram genome-wide association study
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Snippet	Aims Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive... Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S-CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biotransformation citalopram Citalopram - blood Citalopram - metabolism Citalopram - therapeutic use Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism escitalopram Female Genome-Wide Association Study Humans major depressive disorder Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Pharmacogenetics plasma drug concentration Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use Young Adult
Title	Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations
URI	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fbcp.12348 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528284 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1547844189 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1837294768 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4137829
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