The Evaluation of Anemia Among Stunted Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia

Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the asso...

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Published in:Children (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 5; p. 638
Main Authors: Susanah, Susi, Marcelius, David, Rakhmilla, Lulu Eva, Rossanti, Rini, Febrianti, Sindy Amalia, Sakinah, Siti, Winyarti, Winyarti, Lutfia, Safira Satyani, Judistiani, Raden Tina Dewi, Gurnida, Dida Akhmad, Setiabudiawan, Budi
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Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.05.2025
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Abstract Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6–24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6–24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.
AbstractList Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6–24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6–24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.
: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. : Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. : One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. : Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.
Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.
Audience Academic
Author Rossanti, Rini
Setiabudiawan, Budi
Rakhmilla, Lulu Eva
Winyarti, Winyarti
Gurnida, Dida Akhmad
Lutfia, Safira Satyani
Sakinah, Siti
Susanah, Susi
Judistiani, Raden Tina Dewi
Febrianti, Sindy Amalia
Marcelius, David
AuthorAffiliation 6 Department of Child Health, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; dida.gurnida@unpad.ac.id
7 Department of Child Health, Allergy-Immunology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; budi.setiabudiawan@unpad.ac.id
1 Department of Child Health, Hematology-Oncology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; sindy.amalia190291@gmail.com
2 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; david_marcel08@yahoo.com (D.M.); siti16076@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.); winyarti23001@mail.unpad.ac.id (W.W.); safira16007@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.L.)
3 Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistic Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; lulu.eva.rakhmill
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 7 Department of Child Health, Allergy-Immunology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; budi.setiabudiawan@unpad.ac.id
– name: 3 Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistic Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; lulu.eva.rakhmilla@unpad.ac.id
– name: 1 Department of Child Health, Hematology-Oncology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; sindy.amalia190291@gmail.com
– name: 4 Department of Child Health, Nephrology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; rini.rossanti@unpad.ac.id
– name: 6 Department of Child Health, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; dida.gurnida@unpad.ac.id
– name: 5 Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; tina.d.judistiani@unpad.ac.id
– name: 2 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; david_marcel08@yahoo.com (D.M.); siti16076@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.); winyarti23001@mail.unpad.ac.id (W.W.); safira16007@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.L.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40426817$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 5
Keywords co-occurrence
risk factors
iron deficiency
stunting
anemia
Language English
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Snippet Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia;...
: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are...
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SubjectTerms Alfacalcidol
Analysis
Anemia
Birth weight
Blood
Blood diseases
Breastfeeding & lactation
Calcifediol
Chi-square test
Children & youth
Chronic illnesses
co-occurrence
Cohort analysis
Hemoglobin
Iron
iron deficiency
Malnutrition
Midwives
Nutritional status
Protein binding
Questionnaires
Regression analysis
risk factors
Sociodemographics
Standard deviation
Statistical analysis
stunting
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
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Title The Evaluation of Anemia Among Stunted Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia
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