The Evaluation of Anemia Among Stunted Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia
Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the asso...
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| Vydané v: | Children (Basel) Ročník 12; číslo 5; s. 638 |
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| Abstract | Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6–24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6–24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education. |
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| AbstractList | Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6–24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6–24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education. : Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. : Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. : One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. : Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education. Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education.Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are still scarce. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS), their prevalence, and the associated factors, as well as to describe the erythrocyte parameters. Methods: Approximately 2200 children aged 6-24 months were identified by midwives to have problematic nutritional status at Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. These children were included in the population frame for a cohort study of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D binding protein, and its impact on neurodevelopmental functions. A cross-sectional study was nested in the cohort study. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling of 270 villages to meet the required number of samples. Medical doctors reassessed the anthropometric measurements and performed guided interviews to collect associated factors for IDA and CAS. Erythrocyte profiles of the children were examined from venous blood. Results: One hundred and ninety-four subjects were included in the analysis, among which 54.1% were stunted. Anemia was present in 40.7% of the subjects, largely due to IDA (87.3%). A wasting child and the factor of low paternal education (up to elementary school) were associated with IDA (aOR of 7.12 and aOR of 3.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Co-occurrence of anemia and stunting was found in 41/194 (21.1%) subjects, but it did not show significant association. Conclusions: Anemia and stunting were prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, but no associations were found between anemia and stunting in this study. Iron deficiency was the main cause of anemia, and it was associated with wasting and low paternal education. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Rossanti, Rini Setiabudiawan, Budi Rakhmilla, Lulu Eva Winyarti, Winyarti Gurnida, Dida Akhmad Lutfia, Safira Satyani Sakinah, Siti Susanah, Susi Judistiani, Raden Tina Dewi Febrianti, Sindy Amalia Marcelius, David |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Department of Child Health, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; dida.gurnida@unpad.ac.id 7 Department of Child Health, Allergy-Immunology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; budi.setiabudiawan@unpad.ac.id 1 Department of Child Health, Hematology-Oncology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; sindy.amalia190291@gmail.com 2 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; david_marcel08@yahoo.com (D.M.); siti16076@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.); winyarti23001@mail.unpad.ac.id (W.W.); safira16007@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.L.) 3 Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistic Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; lulu.eva.rakhmill |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 Department of Child Health, Allergy-Immunology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; budi.setiabudiawan@unpad.ac.id – name: 3 Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistic Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; lulu.eva.rakhmilla@unpad.ac.id – name: 1 Department of Child Health, Hematology-Oncology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; sindy.amalia190291@gmail.com – name: 4 Department of Child Health, Nephrology Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; rini.rossanti@unpad.ac.id – name: 6 Department of Child Health, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Division, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; dida.gurnida@unpad.ac.id – name: 5 Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; tina.d.judistiani@unpad.ac.id – name: 2 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; david_marcel08@yahoo.com (D.M.); siti16076@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.); winyarti23001@mail.unpad.ac.id (W.W.); safira16007@mail.unpad.ac.id (S.S.L.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Susi orcidid: 0000-0003-4052-512X surname: Susanah fullname: Susanah, Susi – sequence: 2 givenname: David surname: Marcelius fullname: Marcelius, David – sequence: 3 givenname: Lulu Eva surname: Rakhmilla fullname: Rakhmilla, Lulu Eva – sequence: 4 givenname: Rini surname: Rossanti fullname: Rossanti, Rini – sequence: 5 givenname: Sindy Amalia surname: Febrianti fullname: Febrianti, Sindy Amalia – sequence: 6 givenname: Siti surname: Sakinah fullname: Sakinah, Siti – sequence: 7 givenname: Winyarti surname: Winyarti fullname: Winyarti, Winyarti – sequence: 8 givenname: Safira Satyani surname: Lutfia fullname: Lutfia, Safira Satyani – sequence: 9 givenname: Raden Tina Dewi orcidid: 0000-0002-3265-0708 surname: Judistiani fullname: Judistiani, Raden Tina Dewi – sequence: 10 givenname: Dida Akhmad surname: Gurnida fullname: Gurnida, Dida Akhmad – sequence: 11 givenname: Budi orcidid: 0000-0002-4842-2451 surname: Setiabudiawan fullname: Setiabudiawan, Budi |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1186/s12889-022-12690-3 10.1111/mcn.12617 10.1017/S136898001800232X 10.3390/children11101268 10.1111/mcn.12597 10.1182/blood.V130.Suppl_1.950.950 10.1080/10284150410001704534 10.1542/peds.2010-2576 10.1186/s13052-020-00855-y 10.1111/nyas.14092 10.1186/s40795-018-0268-1 10.1111/mcn.13537 10.1371/journal.pone.0254662 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1520926/v1 10.7717/peerj.11158 10.1371/journal.pone.0271509 10.3390/nu15173785 10.1186/s12889-024-18824-z 10.1371/journal.pone.0219170 10.3390/ijerph20136251 10.3390/ijerph20075406 10.1186/s12937-019-0436-4 10.1093/jn/130.9.2271 10.1001/jama.294.8.924 10.1017/S0029665121002858 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002914 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001039 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.03.010 |
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| Snippet | Background/Objectives: Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia;... : Anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), and stunting remain notable early childhood public health challenges in Indonesia; however, studies are... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alfacalcidol Analysis Anemia Birth weight Blood Blood diseases Breastfeeding & lactation Calcifediol Chi-square test Children & youth Chronic illnesses co-occurrence Cohort analysis Hemoglobin Iron iron deficiency Malnutrition Midwives Nutritional status Protein binding Questionnaires Regression analysis risk factors Sociodemographics Standard deviation Statistical analysis stunting Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency |
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| Title | The Evaluation of Anemia Among Stunted Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia |
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