Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a representative Australian adult cohort

Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Design, setting, parti...

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Vydáno v:	Medical journal of Australia Ročník 214; číslo 10; s. 462 - 468
Hlavní autoři:	Batterham, Philip J, Calear, Alison L, McCallum, Sonia M, Morse, Alyssa R, Banfield, Michelle, Farrer, Louise M, Gulliver, Amelia, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Rodney Harris, Rachael M, Shou, Yiyun, Dawel, Amy
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Australia John Wiley and Sons Inc 01.06.2021
Témata:	Anxiety disorders COVID‐19 Depressive disorders Epidemiology and Research Design Infectious Diseases Longitudinal studies Mental Disorders Research and Reviews Respiratory tract infections Statistics COVID-19 Respiratory tract infections Longitudinal studies Infectious diseases Anxiety disorders Depressive disorders
ISSN:	0025-729X, 1326-5377, 1326-5377
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Abstract	Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Design, setting, participants Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID‐19‐related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid‐June 2020. Main outcome measures Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scales; trajectories of symptom change. Results Younger age, being female, greater COVID‐19‐related work and social impairment, COVID‐19‐related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID‐19‐related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure. Conclusion Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority.
AbstractList	To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories.OBJECTIVESTo estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories.Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID-19-related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid-June 2020.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTSLongitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID-19-related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid-June 2020.Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales; trajectories of symptom change.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESSymptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales; trajectories of symptom change.Younger age, being female, greater COVID-19-related work and social impairment, COVID-19-related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID-19-related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure.RESULTSYounger age, being female, greater COVID-19-related work and social impairment, COVID-19-related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID-19-related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure.Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority.CONCLUSIONOur longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority. To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID-19-related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid-June 2020. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales; trajectories of symptom change. Younger age, being female, greater COVID-19-related work and social impairment, COVID-19-related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID-19-related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure. Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority. Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Design, setting, participants Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID‐19‐related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid‐June 2020. Main outcome measures Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scales; trajectories of symptom change. Results Younger age, being female, greater COVID‐19‐related work and social impairment, COVID‐19‐related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID‐19‐related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure. Conclusion Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority.
Author	Dawel, Amy Morse, Alyssa R Banfield, Michelle Rodney Harris, Rachael M Gulliver, Amelia Shou, Yiyun Calear, Alison L McCallum, Sonia M Cherbuin, Nicolas Farrer, Louise M Batterham, Philip J
AuthorAffiliation	2 Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra ACT 3 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University Canberra ACT 4 Australian National University Canberra ACT 1 Centre for Mental Health Research Australian National University Canberra ACT
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 3 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University Canberra ACT – name: 4 Australian National University Canberra ACT – name: 1 Centre for Mental Health Research Australian National University Canberra ACT – name: 2 Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing Australian National University Canberra ACT
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Philip J orcidid: 0000-0002-4547-6876 surname: Batterham fullname: Batterham, Philip J email: Philip.Batterham@anu.edu.au organization: Australian National University – sequence: 2 givenname: Alison L surname: Calear fullname: Calear, Alison L organization: Australian National University – sequence: 3 givenname: Sonia M surname: McCallum fullname: McCallum, Sonia M organization: Australian National University – sequence: 4 givenname: Alyssa R surname: Morse fullname: Morse, Alyssa R organization: Australian National University – sequence: 5 givenname: Michelle surname: Banfield fullname: Banfield, Michelle organization: Australian National University – sequence: 6 givenname: Louise M surname: Farrer fullname: Farrer, Louise M organization: Australian National University – sequence: 7 givenname: Amelia surname: Gulliver fullname: Gulliver, Amelia organization: Australian National University – sequence: 8 givenname: Nicolas surname: Cherbuin fullname: Cherbuin, Nicolas organization: Australian National University – sequence: 9 givenname: Rachael M surname: Rodney Harris fullname: Rodney Harris, Rachael M organization: Australian National University – sequence: 10 givenname: Yiyun surname: Shou fullname: Shou, Yiyun organization: Australian National University – sequence: 11 givenname: Amy orcidid: 0000-0001-6668-3121 surname: Dawel fullname: Dawel, Amy organization: Australian National University
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Snippet	Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia;... To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia; to identify...
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SubjectTerms	Anxiety disorders COVID‐19 Depressive disorders Epidemiology and Research Design Infectious Diseases Longitudinal studies Mental Disorders Research and Reviews Respiratory tract infections Statistics
Title	Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a representative Australian adult cohort
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