Neuropsychological Performance in First-Episode Adolescents with Schizophrenia: A Comparison with First-Episode Adults and Adolescent Control Subjects

The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizo...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Biological psychiatry (1969) Jg. 60; H. 5; S. 463 - 471
Hauptverfasser:	White, Tonya, Ho, Beng-Choon, Ward, Julianna, O’Leary, Daniel, Andreasen, Nancy C.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.09.2006 Elsevier Science
Schlagworte:	adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development - physiology Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Age of Onset Aging - physiology Aging - psychology Biological and medical sciences Brain - growth & development Case-Control Studies Cognition Disorders - complications Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - etiology Female Humans language Longitudinal Studies Male Matched-Pair Analysis Medical sciences Memory, Short-Term - physiology motor function Motor Skills - physiology Neuropsychological Tests neuropsychology Problem Solving - physiology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychology, Adolescent Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Reference Values Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - complications Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenic Psychology Statistics, Nonparametric Verbal Behavior - physiology working memory Schizophrenia neuropsychology adolescence language motor function working memory Human Neuropsychological test Psychometrics Cognition Psychosis Language First episode Adolescent Adult Working memory Motricity Neuropsychologia Comparative study
ISSN:	0006-3223, 1873-2402
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizophrenia, 32 healthy adolescent volunteers, and 240 healthy adult volunteers. Both patient groups were assessed early in the course of their illness and were matched to their respective control groups on age and parental education. The adolescent patients performed significantly worse than the adult patients on tasks of working memory, language, and motor function. The healthy adolescents also performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in working memory and language tasks but were significantly better than the adults in motor function. When accounting for developmental differences in the control group, only motor performance was worse in the adolescent patients compared with the adult patients. These findings, when coupled with published retrospective studies reporting greater cognitive deficits in earlier onset schizophrenia, implicate a cessation in development in specific cognitive domains following the onset of schizophrenia in adolescent patients.
AbstractList	The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia.BACKGROUNDThe goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia.A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizophrenia, 32 healthy adolescent volunteers, and 240 healthy adult volunteers. Both patient groups were assessed early in the course of their illness and were matched to their respective control groups on age and parental education.METHODSA comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizophrenia, 32 healthy adolescent volunteers, and 240 healthy adult volunteers. Both patient groups were assessed early in the course of their illness and were matched to their respective control groups on age and parental education.The adolescent patients performed significantly worse than the adult patients on tasks of working memory, language, and motor function. The healthy adolescents also performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in working memory and language tasks but were significantly better than the adults in motor function. When accounting for developmental differences in the control group, only motor performance was worse in the adolescent patients compared with the adult patients.RESULTSThe adolescent patients performed significantly worse than the adult patients on tasks of working memory, language, and motor function. The healthy adolescents also performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in working memory and language tasks but were significantly better than the adults in motor function. When accounting for developmental differences in the control group, only motor performance was worse in the adolescent patients compared with the adult patients.These findings, when coupled with published retrospective studies reporting greater cognitive deficits in earlier onset schizophrenia, implicate a cessation in development in specific cognitive domains following the onset of schizophrenia in adolescent patients.CONCLUSIONSThese findings, when coupled with published retrospective studies reporting greater cognitive deficits in earlier onset schizophrenia, implicate a cessation in development in specific cognitive domains following the onset of schizophrenia in adolescent patients. Background The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. Methods A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizophrenia, 32 healthy adolescent volunteers, and 240 healthy adult volunteers. Both patient groups were assessed early in the course of their illness and were matched to their respective control groups on age and parental education. Results The adolescent patients performed significantly worse than the adult patients on tasks of working memory, language, and motor function. The healthy adolescents also performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in working memory and language tasks but were significantly better than the adults in motor function. When accounting for developmental differences in the control group, only motor performance was worse in the adolescent patients compared with the adult patients. Conclusions These findings, when coupled with published retrospective studies reporting greater cognitive deficits in earlier onset schizophrenia, implicate a cessation in development in specific cognitive domains following the onset of schizophrenia in adolescent patients. The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed on 49 adolescents with childhood- or adolescent-onset schizophrenia, 139 adults with adult-onset schizophrenia, 32 healthy adolescent volunteers, and 240 healthy adult volunteers. Both patient groups were assessed early in the course of their illness and were matched to their respective control groups on age and parental education. The adolescent patients performed significantly worse than the adult patients on tasks of working memory, language, and motor function. The healthy adolescents also performed significantly worse than the healthy adults in working memory and language tasks but were significantly better than the adults in motor function. When accounting for developmental differences in the control group, only motor performance was worse in the adolescent patients compared with the adult patients. These findings, when coupled with published retrospective studies reporting greater cognitive deficits in earlier onset schizophrenia, implicate a cessation in development in specific cognitive domains following the onset of schizophrenia in adolescent patients.
Author	O’Leary, Daniel Andreasen, Nancy C. Ward, Julianna White, Tonya Ho, Beng-Choon
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Tonya surname: White fullname: White, Tonya email: twhite@umn.edu organization: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota – sequence: 2 givenname: Beng-Choon surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Beng-Choon organization: Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa – sequence: 3 givenname: Julianna surname: Ward fullname: Ward, Julianna organization: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland – sequence: 4 givenname: Daniel surname: O’Leary fullname: O’Leary, Daniel organization: Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa – sequence: 5 givenname: Nancy C. surname: Andreasen fullname: Andreasen, Nancy C. organization: Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18107515$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16566898$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNqNks2O0zAUhS00iOkMvMIoG9gl2PlxbIQQVTUDSCNAGlhbrnNNXVw72AmoPAjPi6N0AHVTVpbl7xxfnXsu0JnzDhC6IrggmNDn22JtfB_3alOUGNMCkwLj8gFaENZWeVnj8gwtcHrJq7KsztFFjNt0bcuSPELnhDaUMs4W6Nd7GMNs5K3_YpS02UcI2oeddAoy47IbE-KQX_cm-g6yZectRAVuiNkPM2yyO7UxP32_CeCMfJEts5Xf9TIk2s3AsX60SSpd949V0rgheJvdjestqCE-Rg-1tBGeHM5L9Pnm-tPqbX774c271fI2Vw0hQw6MV5hXvCKsobruWiabllSKYq2hA1YrzGCdAug016yuueS4lpo3mmqpuqa6RM9m3z74byPEQexMmsha6cCPUVDGMCcNPQkS3uK6qSfw6gCO6x10og9mJ8Ne3EeegKcHQMaUtg4pZxP_cozgtiHTaC9nTgUfYwAtlBnkYKakpLGCYDE1QWzFfRPE1ASBiUhNSHJ6JP_zwynh61kIKffvBoKIykDqQmdCWo3ovDlt8erIQlnjpm59hf3_GPwG7tXprQ
CODEN	BIPCBF
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1751_7893_2010_00253_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pscychresns_2011_08_010 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0954579410000842 crossref_primary_10_1348_174866408X401308 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10802_011_9592_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2022_803234 crossref_primary_10_1080_10673220701679804 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euroneuro_2024_02_005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rpsm_2013_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720003463 crossref_primary_10_1111_eip_12038 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_025_06499_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chc_2013_04_007 crossref_primary_10_1080_13803390802317567 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmri_28682 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2017_02_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2013_08_018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11757_017_0413_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpsc_2021_06_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2025_08_019 crossref_primary_10_1097_CHI_Ob013e318172ef36 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2007_06_024 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_021_01901_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejtd_2025_100591 crossref_primary_10_1002_hbm_25862 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2012_10_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2017_08_058 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopsych_2009_07_021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neures_2006_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2007_06_004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_021_01360_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_schbul_sbad048 crossref_primary_10_1080_13546800701614098 crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhw274 crossref_primary_10_1093_schbul_sbn127 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_014_0614_z crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_bp_108_060723 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540260701486258 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1751_7893_2008_00075_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1751_7893_2010_00204_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1399_5618_2011_00891_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_016_1052_x crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_1495 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0236241 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_010_0126_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11571_022_09814_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1751_7893_2009_00142_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rpsmen_2013_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_009_0053_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2020_00626 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2013_04_035 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720000409 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11682_021_00608_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bandc_2009_10_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2010_02_1067 crossref_primary_10_2989_17280583_2015_1080710 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2015_05_002 crossref_primary_10_1111_jcpp_12136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chc_2012_07_011 crossref_primary_10_1177_1078390309359197 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_012_0262_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_sjop_12062 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2010_03_037 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_10544_2 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0125925 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2021_677153 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pnpbp_2013_04_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2010_11_014 crossref_primary_10_3109_15622975_2011_585661 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_0447_2008_01338_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13034_024_00815_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00406_025_01961_w crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720000756 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2011_02_014 crossref_primary_10_1080_13546805_2023_2266871 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awp126 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_schres_2016_04_027
Cites_doi	10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1475 10.1016/0920-9964(88)90001-1 10.1006/nimg.1999.0436 10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.649 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09769.x 10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.17 10.1177/070674379804300608 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033460 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007084 10.1159/000288405 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.118 10.1016/j.schres.2004.09.007 10.1176/ajp.153.4.564 10.1176/ajp.156.8.1216 10.1192/bjp.185.3.215 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00065-9 10.1073/pnas.0402680101 10.1037/h0061266 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.443 10.1017/S0954579499002187 10.1097/01.nmd.0000138229.29157.3e 10.1016/S0925-4927(03)00066-0 10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.457 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.002 10.1016/0028-3932(64)90030-2 10.1023/A:1024190429920 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070065010 10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00058-2 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00125-7 10.1176/ajp.154.11.1613 10.1016/S0925-4927(97)00056-5 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00291-8 10.1093/schbul/20.3.441 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020048005 10.1038/13154 10.1093/schbul/20.4.647 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080023004 10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00118-8 10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.109 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1183 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790090075012 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.023 10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.211 10.1073/pnas.201243998 10.1093/cercor/6.4.551 10.1017/S0033291700011053 10.1176/ajp.156.8.1200 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10058.x 10.1093/schbul/18.3.481
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry 2006 INIST-CNRS
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2006 Society of Biological Psychiatry – notice: 2006 INIST-CNRS
DBID	AAYXX CITATION IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7TK 7X8
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002
DatabaseName	CrossRef Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic Neurosciences Abstracts MEDLINE
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine Chemistry Biology
EISSN	1873-2402
EndPage	471
ExternalDocumentID	16566898 18107515 10_1016_j_biopsych_2006_01_002 S0006322306000965
Genre	Journal Article Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: NIMH NIH HHS grantid: MH068540 – fundername: NIMH NIH HHS grantid: MH31593 – fundername: NIMH NIH HHS grantid: MH40856 – fundername: NIMH NIH HHS grantid: MH43271
GroupedDBID	--- --K --M -DZ .1- .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~. 1~5 23N 3O- 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 6J9 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATTM AAXKI AAXLA AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABCQJ ABCQX ABDPE ABFNM ABFRF ABIVO ABJNI ABLJU ABMAC ABMZM ABUFD ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFO ACIEU ACIUM ACLOT ACNCT ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO AEBSH AEFWE AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGQPQ AGUBO AGWIK AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HEG HMK HMO HMQ HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W KOM L7B M29 M2V M39 M41 MO0 MOBAO N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OH0 OU- OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- ROL RPZ SAE SCC SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SNS SPCBC SSH SSN SSZ T5K UAP UNMZH UPT UV1 WH7 WUQ XJT XOL Z5R ZCA ZGI ZKB ZXP ~G- ~HD AACTN AADPK AAIAV ABLVK ABYKQ AFCTW AFKWA AJBFU AJOXV AMFUW G8K LCYCR RIG ZA5 9DU AAYXX CITATION AGCQF AGRNS IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PKN 7TK 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-e893093931856f4d78a5713c60ffede84c08eb223df9f8449a904af95f6facd53
ISICitedReferencesCount	87
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000240506000006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0006-3223
IngestDate	Tue Oct 21 13:49:58 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 11:13:03 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:47:58 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:16:11 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:01:53 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 05:17:20 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:29:35 EST 2024 Tue Oct 14 19:35:12 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	5
Keywords	Schizophrenia neuropsychology adolescence language motor function working memory Human Neuropsychological test Psychometrics Cognition Psychosis Language First episode Adolescent Adult Working memory Motricity Neuropsychologia Comparative study
Language	English
License	https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 CC BY 4.0
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c511t-e893093931856f4d78a5713c60ffede84c08eb223df9f8449a904af95f6facd53
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
PMID	16566898
PQID	19704546
PQPubID	23462
PageCount	9
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_68809156 proquest_miscellaneous_19704546 pubmed_primary_16566898 pascalfrancis_primary_18107515 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_biopsych_2006_01_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopsych_2006_01_002 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_biopsych_2006_01_002 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_biopsych_2006_01_002
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2006-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2006-09-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 09 year: 2006 text: 2006-09-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2000
PublicationPlace	New York, NY
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York, NY – name: United States
PublicationTitle	Biological psychiatry (1969)
PublicationTitleAlternate	Biol Psychiatry
PublicationYear	2006
Publisher	Elsevier Inc Elsevier Science
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier Inc – name: Elsevier Science
References	Asarnow, Asamen, Granholm, Sherman, Watkins, Williams (bib4) 1994; 20 Casey, Giedd, Thomas (bib13) 2000; 54 Gogtay, Sporn, Clasen, Nugent, Greenstein, Nicolson (bib25) 2004; 61 Benton (bib7) 1974 Reitan, Wolfson (bib51) 1985 Keepers, Clappison, Casey (bib37) 1983; 40 Hill, Beers, Kmiec, Keshavan, Sweeney (bib31) 2004; 68 Sowell, Levitt, Thompson, Holmes, Blanton, Kornsand (bib57) 2000; 157 Wechsler (bib69) 1987 Tiffin, Asher (bib64) 1948; 32 Luciana, Nelson (bib44) 2000 Andreasen, Flaum, Arndt (bib3) 1992; 49 Yakovlev, Lecours (bib71) 1967 Heaton (bib30) 1981 Lezak (bib42) 1983 Karp, Garvey, Jacobsen, Frazier, Hamburger, Bedwell (bib36) 2001; 158 Cannon, Bearden, Hollister, Rosso, Sanchez, Hadley (bib12) 2000; 26 Lezak (bib43) 1995 Andreasen (bib1) 1983 Yeo, Hodde-Vargas, Hendren, Vargas, Brooks, Ford (bib74) 1997; 76 Spreen, Strauss (bib60) 1998 Fuller, Nopoulos, Arndt, O’Leary, Ho, Andreasen (bib21) 2002; 159 Benton, Hamsher (bib8) 1976 Davis, Stewart, Friedman, Buchsbaum, Harvey, Hof (bib17) 2003; 60 Wechsler (bib68) 1981 Benton, Hamsher, Rey, Sivan (bib9) 1994 Saykin, Shtasel, Gur, Kester, Mozley, Stafiniak (bib54) 1994; 51 Jeste, McAdams, Palmer, Braff, Jernigan, Paulsen (bib32) 1998; 98 Conners, Staff (bib14) 1995 Osterrieth (bib49) 1944; 30 Johnstone, Owens, Bydder, Colter, Crow, Frith (bib33) 1989; 19 Cuesta, Peralta, Zarzuela (bib16) 1998; 33 Oie, Rund (bib48) 1999; 156 Walker, Lewis, Loewy, Palyo (bib66) 1999; 11 Frazier, Giedd, Hamburger, Albus, Kaysen, Vaituzis (bib19) 1996; 53 Goldberg, Karson, Leleszi, Weinberger (bib26) 1988; 1 Kareken, Gur, Mozley, Mozley, Saykin, Shtasel (bib35) 1995; 9 Walker, Savoie, Davis (bib67) 1994; 20 Kumra, Wiggs, Bedwell, Smith, Arling, Albus (bib40) 2000; 42 Tiffin (bib63) 1968 Andreasen (bib2) 1984 Frazier, Giedd, Kaysen, Albus, Hamburger, Alaghband-Rad (bib20) 1996; 153 Lewis (bib41) 1998; 43 Manschreck, Maher, Candela (bib45) 2004; 30 Yang, Liu, Chiang, Chen, Lin (bib72) 1995; 91 Rey (bib53) 1958 Rey (bib52) 1941; 28 Basso, Nasrallah, Olson, Bornstein (bib5) 1997; 10 Golden (bib27) 1978 Benton (bib6) 1946 Giedd, Snell, Lange, Rajapakse, Casey, Kozuch (bib23) 1996; 6 Kravariti, Morris, Rabe-Hesketh, Murray, Frangou (bib39) 2003; 61 Brickman, Buchsbaum, Bloom, Bokhoven, Paul-Odouard, Haznedar (bib10) 2004; 192 Rapoport, Giedd, Blumenthal, Hamburger, Jeffries, Fernandez (bib50) 1999; 56 Green, Nuechterlein, Gold, Barch, Cohen, Essock (bib29) 2004; 56 Yang, Chiu, Chen, Chen, Yeh, Lee (bib73) 2003; 123 Nelson, Monk, Lin, Carver, Thomas, Truwit (bib46) 2000; 36 Gogtay, Giedd, Lusk, Hayashi, Greenstein, Vaituzis (bib24) 2004; 101 Talland, Schwab (bib61) 1964; 2 Kenny, Friedman, Findling, Swales, Strauss, Jesberger (bib38) 1997; 154 Karatekin (bib34) 2004; 52 Flaum, Andreasen, Arndt (bib18) 1992; 18 Thompson, Vidal, Giedd, Gochman, Blumenthal, Nicolson (bib62) 2001; 98 Cannon, Jones, Huttunen, Tanskanen, Huttunen, Rabe-Hesketh (bib11) 1999; 56 White, Andreasen, Nopoulos, Magnotta (bib70) 2003; 52 Shipley (bib55) 1946 Gottschalk, Selin (bib28) 1991; 55 Fuster (bib22) 2002; 31 Sowell, Thompson, Holmes, Batth, Jernigan, Toga (bib58) 1999; 9 Tuulio-Henriksson, Partonen, Suvisaari, Haukka, Lonnqvist (bib65) 2004; 185 Sivan (bib56) 1992 Corson, Nopoulos, Miller, Arndt, Andreasen (bib15) 1999; 156 Sowell, Thompson, Holmes, Jernigan, Toga (bib59) 1999; 2 Nuechterlein, Barch, Gold, Goldberg, Green, Heaton (bib47) 2004; 72 Benton (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib6) 1946 Tuulio-Henriksson (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib65) 2004; 185 Yang (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib72) 1995; 91 Walker (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib66) 1999; 11 Conners (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib14) 1995 Flaum (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib18) 1992; 18 Heaton (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib30) 1981 Golden (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib27) 1978 Keepers (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib37) 1983; 40 Cannon (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib12) 2000; 26 Karatekin (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib34) 2004; 52 Luciana (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib44) 2000 Andreasen (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib2) 1984 Rey (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib53) 1958 Benton (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib8) 1976 Corson (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib15) 1999; 156 Asarnow (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib4) 1994; 20 Saykin (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib54) 1994; 51 Spreen (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib60) 1998 Yeo (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib74) 1997; 76 Jeste (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib32) 1998; 98 Gogtay (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib24) 2004; 101 Green (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib29) 2004; 56 Frazier (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib19) 1996; 53 Rapoport (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib50) 1999; 56 Johnstone (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib33) 1989; 19 Oie (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib48) 1999; 156 Rey (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib52) 1941; 28 Wechsler (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib69) 1987 Davis (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib17) 2003; 60 Frazier (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib20) 1996; 153 Goldberg (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib26) 1988; 1 Cannon (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib11) 1999; 56 Kravariti (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib39) 2003; 61 Reitan (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib51) 1985 Lewis (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib41) 1998; 43 Cuesta (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib16) 1998; 33 Benton (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib9) 1994 Fuster (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib22) 2002; 31 Karp (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib36) 2001; 158 Nuechterlein (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib47) 2004; 72 Lezak (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib42) 1983 Walker (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib67) 1994; 20 Osterrieth (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib49) 1944; 30 Fuller (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib21) 2002; 159 White (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib70) 2003; 52 Benton (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib7) 1974 Gogtay (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib25) 2004; 61 Sowell (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib58) 1999; 9 Casey (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib13) 2000; 54 Andreasen (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib1) 1983 Tiffin (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib63) 1968 Kumra (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib40) 2000; 42 Nelson (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib46) 2000; 36 Thompson (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib62) 2001; 98 Giedd (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib23) 1996; 6 Manschreck (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib45) 2004; 30 Basso (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib5) 1997; 10 Wechsler (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib68) 1981 Shipley (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib55) 1946 Sowell (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib59) 1999; 2 Hill (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib31) 2004; 68 Sivan (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib56) 1992 Yang (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib73) 2003; 123 Gottschalk (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib28) 1991; 55 Yakovlev (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib71) 1967 Andreasen (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib3) 1992; 49 Kenny (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib38) 1997; 154 Sowell (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib57) 2000; 157 Talland (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib61) 1964; 2 Brickman (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib10) 2004; 192 Tiffin (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib64) 1948; 32 Kareken (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib35) 1995; 9 Lezak (10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib43) 1995
References_xml	– volume: 98 start-page: 156 year: 1998 end-page: 164 ident: bib32 article-title: Relationship of neuropsychological and MRI measures to age of onset of schizophrenia publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand – year: 1998 ident: bib60 publication-title: A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests – volume: 91 start-page: 209 year: 1995 end-page: 212 ident: bib72 article-title: Comparison of adult manifestations of schizophrenia with onset before and after 15 years of age publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand – volume: 61 start-page: 137 year: 2003 end-page: 148 ident: bib39 article-title: The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 60 start-page: 443 year: 2003 end-page: 456 ident: bib17 article-title: White matter changes in schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – year: 1981 ident: bib30 publication-title: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Manual – volume: 153 start-page: 564 year: 1996 end-page: 566 ident: bib20 article-title: Childhood-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – volume: 20 start-page: 647 year: 1994 end-page: 669 ident: bib4 article-title: Cognitive/neuropsychological studies of children with a schizophrenic disorder publication-title: Schizophr Bull – year: 1992 ident: bib56 publication-title: Benton Visual Retention Test – volume: 185 start-page: 215 year: 2004 end-page: 219 ident: bib65 article-title: Age at onset and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia publication-title: Br J Psychiatry – volume: 40 start-page: 1113 year: 1983 end-page: 1117 ident: bib37 article-title: Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 53 start-page: 617 year: 1996 end-page: 624 ident: bib19 article-title: Brain anatomic magnetic resonance imaging in childhood-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 156 start-page: 1216 year: 1999 end-page: 1222 ident: bib48 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in adolescent-onset schizophrenia compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – year: 1946 ident: bib55 publication-title: Institute of Living Scale – volume: 158 start-page: 118 year: 2001 end-page: 122 ident: bib36 article-title: Abnormal neurologic maturation in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – start-page: 3 year: 1967 end-page: 70 ident: bib71 article-title: The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain publication-title: Regional Development of the Brain in Early Life – volume: 154 start-page: 1613 year: 1997 end-page: 1615 ident: bib38 article-title: Cognitive impairment in adolescents with schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – volume: 36 start-page: 109 year: 2000 end-page: 116 ident: bib46 article-title: Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children publication-title: Dev Psychol – year: 1983 ident: bib42 publication-title: Neuropsychological Assessment – year: 1974 ident: bib7 publication-title: The Revised Visual Retention Test – volume: 1 start-page: 261 year: 1988 end-page: 266 ident: bib26 article-title: Intellectual impairment in adolescent psychosis. A controlled psychometric study publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 123 start-page: 191 year: 2003 end-page: 197 ident: bib73 article-title: Correlation between fine motor activity and striatal dopamine D2 receptor density in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls publication-title: Psychiatry Res – volume: 6 start-page: 551 year: 1996 end-page: 560 ident: bib23 article-title: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development publication-title: Cereb Cortex – volume: 19 start-page: 91 year: 1989 end-page: 103 ident: bib33 article-title: The spectrum of structural brain changes in schizophrenia publication-title: Psychol Med – year: 1968 ident: bib63 publication-title: Purdue Pegboard – volume: 20 start-page: 441 year: 1994 end-page: 451 ident: bib67 article-title: Neuromotor precursors of schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Bull – year: 1994 ident: bib9 publication-title: Multilingual Aphasia Examination – year: 1958 ident: bib53 publication-title: L’examen clinique en psychologie – volume: 52 start-page: 418 year: 2003 end-page: 426 ident: bib70 article-title: Gyrification abnormalities in childhood and adolescent onset schizophrenia publication-title: Biol Psychiatry – volume: 61 start-page: 17 year: 2004 end-page: 22 ident: bib25 article-title: Comparison of progressive cortical gray matter loss in childhood-onset schizophrenia with that in childhood-onset atypical psychoses publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – year: 1978 ident: bib27 publication-title: Stroop Color and Word Test – volume: 159 start-page: 1183 year: 2002 end-page: 1189 ident: bib21 article-title: Longitudinal assessment of premorbid cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia through examination of standardized scholastic test performance publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – volume: 33 start-page: 141 year: 1998 end-page: 150 ident: bib16 article-title: Illness duration and neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 55 start-page: 32 year: 1991 end-page: 41 ident: bib28 article-title: Comparative neurobiological and neuropsychological deficits in adolescent and adult schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients publication-title: Psychother Psychosom – volume: 56 start-page: 301 year: 2004 end-page: 307 ident: bib29 article-title: Approaching a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials in schizophrenia publication-title: Biol Psychiatry – year: 1985 ident: bib51 publication-title: The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery – volume: 18 start-page: 481 year: 1992 end-page: 490 ident: bib18 article-title: The Iowa prospective longitudinal study of recent-onset psychoses publication-title: Schizophr Bull – volume: 9 start-page: 211 year: 1995 end-page: 219 ident: bib35 article-title: Cognitive functioning and neuroanatomic volume measures in schizophrenia publication-title: Neuropsychology – volume: 76 start-page: 1 year: 1997 end-page: 13 ident: bib74 article-title: Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia-spectrum children publication-title: Psychiatry Res – volume: 42 start-page: 135 year: 2000 end-page: 144 ident: bib40 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in pediatric patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified publication-title: Schizophr Res – year: 1984 ident: bib2 publication-title: The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) – volume: 28 start-page: 286 year: 1941 end-page: 340 ident: bib52 article-title: L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encephalopathie traumatique publication-title: Archives de Psychologie – volume: 157 start-page: 1475 year: 2000 end-page: 1484 ident: bib57 article-title: Brain abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder observed with statistical parametric mapping of structural magnetic resonance images publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – year: 1981 ident: bib68 publication-title: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised – year: 1946 ident: bib6 publication-title: A Visual Retention Test for Clinical Use – volume: 9 start-page: 587 year: 1999 end-page: 597 ident: bib58 article-title: Localizing age-related changes in brain structure between childhood and adolescence using statistical parametric mapping publication-title: Neuroimage – volume: 49 start-page: 615 year: 1992 end-page: 623 ident: bib3 article-title: The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). An instrument for assessing diagnosis and psychopathology publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 11 start-page: 509 year: 1999 end-page: 523 ident: bib66 article-title: Motor dysfunction and risk for schizophrenia publication-title: Dev Psychopathol – volume: 101 start-page: 8174 year: 2004 end-page: 8179 ident: bib24 article-title: Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – volume: 2 start-page: 859 year: 1999 end-page: 861 ident: bib59 article-title: In vivo evidence for post-adolescent brain maturation in frontal and striatal regions publication-title: Nat Neurosci – year: 1976 ident: bib8 publication-title: Multilingual Aphasia Examination – start-page: 379 year: 2000 end-page: 397 ident: bib44 article-title: Neurodevelopmental assessment of cognitive function using CANTAB publication-title: Functional Neuroimaging in Child Psychiatry – volume: 98 start-page: 11650 year: 2001 end-page: 11655 ident: bib62 article-title: Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A – year: 1987 ident: bib69 publication-title: Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised – volume: 156 start-page: 1200 year: 1999 end-page: 1204 ident: bib15 article-title: Change in basal ganglia volume over 2 years in patients with schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry – volume: 43 start-page: 596 year: 1998 end-page: 604 ident: bib41 article-title: Typical and atypical antipsychotics in adolescent schizophrenia publication-title: Can J Psychiatry – year: 1983 ident: bib1 publication-title: The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) – volume: 2 start-page: 45 year: 1964 end-page: 53 ident: bib61 article-title: Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Neuropsychologia – volume: 56 start-page: 649 year: 1999 end-page: 654 ident: bib50 article-title: Progressive cortical change during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 31 start-page: 373 year: 2002 end-page: 385 ident: bib22 article-title: Frontal lobe and cognitive development publication-title: J Neurocytol – volume: 72 start-page: 29 year: 2004 end-page: 39 ident: bib47 article-title: Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 32 start-page: 234 year: 1948 end-page: 247 ident: bib64 article-title: The Purdue Pegboard publication-title: J Appl Psychol – volume: 30 start-page: 351 year: 2004 end-page: 360 ident: bib45 article-title: Earlier age of first diagnosis in schizophrenia is related to impaired motor control publication-title: Schizophr Bull – year: 1995 ident: bib43 publication-title: Neuropsychological Assessment – volume: 54 start-page: 241 year: 2000 end-page: 257 ident: bib13 article-title: Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development publication-title: Biol Psychol – year: 1995 ident: bib14 publication-title: Conners’ Continuous Performance Test – volume: 192 start-page: 615 year: 2004 end-page: 622 ident: bib10 article-title: Neuropsychological functioning in first-break, never-medicated adolescents with psychosis publication-title: J Nerv Ment Dis – volume: 68 start-page: 127 year: 2004 end-page: 136 ident: bib31 article-title: Impairment of verbal memory and learning in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 51 start-page: 124 year: 1994 end-page: 131 ident: bib54 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 56 start-page: 457 year: 1999 end-page: 463 ident: bib11 article-title: School performance in Finnish children and later development of schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry – volume: 30 start-page: 286 year: 1944 end-page: 356 ident: bib49 article-title: Le test de copie d’une figure complex publication-title: Archives de Psychologie – volume: 10 start-page: 107 year: 1997 end-page: 112 ident: bib5 article-title: Cognitive deficits distinguish patients with adolescent- and adult-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol – volume: 26 start-page: 379 year: 2000 end-page: 393 ident: bib12 article-title: Childhood cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings publication-title: Schizophr Bull – volume: 52 start-page: 7 year: 2004 end-page: 21 ident: bib34 article-title: Development of attentional allocation in the dual task paradigm publication-title: Int J Psychophysiol – volume: 157 start-page: 1475 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib57 article-title: Brain abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder observed with statistical parametric mapping of structural magnetic resonance images publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1475 – volume: 1 start-page: 261 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib26 article-title: Intellectual impairment in adolescent psychosis. A controlled psychometric study publication-title: Schizophr Res doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(88)90001-1 – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib14 – volume: 9 start-page: 587 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib58 article-title: Localizing age-related changes in brain structure between childhood and adolescence using statistical parametric mapping publication-title: Neuroimage doi: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0436 – volume: 56 start-page: 649 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib50 article-title: Progressive cortical change during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.649 – volume: 91 start-page: 209 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib72 article-title: Comparison of adult manifestations of schizophrenia with onset before and after 15 years of age publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09769.x – year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib8 – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib9 – volume: 61 start-page: 17 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib25 article-title: Comparison of progressive cortical gray matter loss in childhood-onset schizophrenia with that in childhood-onset atypical psychoses publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.1.17 – volume: 43 start-page: 596 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib41 article-title: Typical and atypical antipsychotics in adolescent schizophrenia publication-title: Can J Psychiatry doi: 10.1177/070674379804300608 – year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib30 – volume: 26 start-page: 379 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib12 article-title: Childhood cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings publication-title: Schizophr Bull doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033460 – volume: 30 start-page: 351 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib45 article-title: Earlier age of first diagnosis in schizophrenia is related to impaired motor control publication-title: Schizophr Bull doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007084 – volume: 55 start-page: 32 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib28 article-title: Comparative neurobiological and neuropsychological deficits in adolescent and adult schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients publication-title: Psychother Psychosom doi: 10.1159/000288405 – volume: 158 start-page: 118 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib36 article-title: Abnormal neurologic maturation in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.118 – volume: 72 start-page: 29 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib47 article-title: Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.09.007 – volume: 153 start-page: 564 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib20 article-title: Childhood-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.153.4.564 – start-page: 3 year: 1967 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib71 article-title: The myelogenetic cycles of regional maturation of the brain – year: 1974 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib7 – volume: 33 start-page: 141 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib16 article-title: Illness duration and neuropsychological impairments in schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res – volume: 156 start-page: 1216 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib48 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in adolescent-onset schizophrenia compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.8.1216 – volume: 185 start-page: 215 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib65 article-title: Age at onset and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia publication-title: Br J Psychiatry doi: 10.1192/bjp.185.3.215 – year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib2 – volume: 52 start-page: 418 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib70 article-title: Gyrification abnormalities in childhood and adolescent onset schizophrenia publication-title: Biol Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00065-9 – volume: 101 start-page: 8174 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib24 article-title: Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402680101 – year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib69 – volume: 32 start-page: 234 year: 1948 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib64 article-title: The Purdue Pegboard publication-title: J Appl Psychol doi: 10.1037/h0061266 – volume: 60 start-page: 443 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib17 article-title: White matter changes in schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.443 – year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib1 – volume: 11 start-page: 509 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib66 article-title: Motor dysfunction and risk for schizophrenia publication-title: Dev Psychopathol doi: 10.1017/S0954579499002187 – volume: 192 start-page: 615 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib10 article-title: Neuropsychological functioning in first-break, never-medicated adolescents with psychosis publication-title: J Nerv Ment Dis doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000138229.29157.3e – volume: 123 start-page: 191 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib73 article-title: Correlation between fine motor activity and striatal dopamine D2 receptor density in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls publication-title: Psychiatry Res doi: 10.1016/S0925-4927(03)00066-0 – volume: 56 start-page: 457 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib11 article-title: School performance in Finnish children and later development of schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.457 – year: 1946 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib55 – volume: 52 start-page: 7 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib34 article-title: Development of attentional allocation in the dual task paradigm publication-title: Int J Psychophysiol doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.12.002 – volume: 2 start-page: 45 year: 1964 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib61 article-title: Performance with multiple sets in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Neuropsychologia doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(64)90030-2 – volume: 31 start-page: 373 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib22 article-title: Frontal lobe and cognitive development publication-title: J Neurocytol doi: 10.1023/A:1024190429920 – year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib56 – volume: 53 start-page: 617 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib19 article-title: Brain anatomic magnetic resonance imaging in childhood-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070065010 – year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib51 – year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib42 – year: 1968 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib63 – volume: 54 start-page: 241 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib13 article-title: Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development publication-title: Biol Psychol doi: 10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00058-2 – volume: 68 start-page: 127 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib31 article-title: Impairment of verbal memory and learning in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Res doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00125-7 – volume: 154 start-page: 1613 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib38 article-title: Cognitive impairment in adolescents with schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.154.11.1613 – volume: 76 start-page: 1 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib74 article-title: Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia-spectrum children publication-title: Psychiatry Res doi: 10.1016/S0925-4927(97)00056-5 – volume: 61 start-page: 137 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib39 article-title: The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study publication-title: Schizophr Res doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00291-8 – volume: 20 start-page: 441 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib67 article-title: Neuromotor precursors of schizophrenia publication-title: Schizophr Bull doi: 10.1093/schbul/20.3.441 – volume: 51 start-page: 124 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib54 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020048005 – volume: 2 start-page: 859 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib59 article-title: In vivo evidence for post-adolescent brain maturation in frontal and striatal regions publication-title: Nat Neurosci doi: 10.1038/13154 – year: 1946 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib6 – volume: 20 start-page: 647 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib4 article-title: Cognitive/neuropsychological studies of children with a schizophrenic disorder publication-title: Schizophr Bull doi: 10.1093/schbul/20.4.647 – volume: 30 start-page: 286 year: 1944 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib49 article-title: Le test de copie d’une figure complex publication-title: Archives de Psychologie – year: 1958 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib53 – volume: 49 start-page: 615 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib3 article-title: The Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH). An instrument for assessing diagnosis and psychopathology publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080023004 – volume: 28 start-page: 286 year: 1941 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib52 article-title: L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encephalopathie traumatique publication-title: Archives de Psychologie – volume: 42 start-page: 135 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib40 article-title: Neuropsychological deficits in pediatric patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified publication-title: Schizophr Res doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(99)00118-8 – start-page: 379 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib44 article-title: Neurodevelopmental assessment of cognitive function using CANTAB – volume: 36 start-page: 109 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib46 article-title: Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children publication-title: Dev Psychol doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.109 – volume: 10 start-page: 107 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib5 article-title: Cognitive deficits distinguish patients with adolescent- and adult-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol – volume: 159 start-page: 1183 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib21 article-title: Longitudinal assessment of premorbid cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia through examination of standardized scholastic test performance publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1183 – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib43 – volume: 40 start-page: 1113 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib37 article-title: Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790090075012 – volume: 56 start-page: 301 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib29 article-title: Approaching a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials in schizophrenia publication-title: Biol Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.023 – volume: 9 start-page: 211 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib35 article-title: Cognitive functioning and neuroanatomic volume measures in schizophrenia publication-title: Neuropsychology doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.9.2.211 – volume: 98 start-page: 11650 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib62 article-title: Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A doi: 10.1073/pnas.201243998 – volume: 6 start-page: 551 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib23 article-title: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of human brain development publication-title: Cereb Cortex doi: 10.1093/cercor/6.4.551 – volume: 19 start-page: 91 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib33 article-title: The spectrum of structural brain changes in schizophrenia publication-title: Psychol Med doi: 10.1017/S0033291700011053 – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib60 – volume: 156 start-page: 1200 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib15 article-title: Change in basal ganglia volume over 2 years in patients with schizophrenia publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.8.1200 – year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib27 – volume: 98 start-page: 156 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib32 article-title: Relationship of neuropsychological and MRI measures to age of onset of schizophrenia publication-title: Acta Psychiatr Scand doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10058.x – year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib68 – volume: 18 start-page: 481 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002_bib18 article-title: The Iowa prospective longitudinal study of recent-onset psychoses publication-title: Schizophr Bull doi: 10.1093/schbul/18.3.481
SSID	ssj0007221
Score	2.1826212
Snippet	The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. A comprehensive... Background The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia. Methods... The goal of this study was to compare the extent of cognitive deficits between adolescents and adults early in the course of schizophrenia.BACKGROUNDThe goal...
SourceID	proquest pubmed pascalfrancis crossref elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	463
SubjectTerms	adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development - physiology Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Age of Onset Aging - physiology Aging - psychology Biological and medical sciences Brain - growth & development Case-Control Studies Cognition Disorders - complications Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - etiology Female Humans language Longitudinal Studies Male Matched-Pair Analysis Medical sciences Memory, Short-Term - physiology motor function Motor Skills - physiology Neuropsychological Tests neuropsychology Problem Solving - physiology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Psychology, Adolescent Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Reference Values Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - complications Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenic Psychology Statistics, Nonparametric Verbal Behavior - physiology working memory
Title	Neuropsychological Performance in First-Episode Adolescents with Schizophrenia: A Comparison with First-Episode Adults and Adolescent Control Subjects
URI	https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0006322306000965 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.002 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16566898 https://www.proquest.com/docview/19704546 https://www.proquest.com/docview/68809156
Volume	60
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000240506000006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1873-2402 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0007221 issn: 0006-3223 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLa6jZuEEJRbuRQ_IF5QRtLYic3bqDoNVAoPnehb5FwMmao0rO20_hF-DL-O4zhO0o6q44GXqIp8XKvf1-Pj43NB6DV3hJSSMivxXdci1A0t4RJphaq0uPRISHmRKDz0RyM2mfCvrdZvkwtzMfWzjF1e8vy_Qg3vAGyVOvsPcFeTwgv4DKDDE2CH57WAL8pt5Gt6LW9kB6TZW5mCyWcleTqfxUmzplMZsN6Mw9PJ0FHdrbAYsjnDcrrQtZ7ryaog-PkyVL6e-dr1cVqvrQq3LmpGcY83nBNV-77xLFtVG8hJ4d79kGTfrf6PWR1H8E3oOH2V8y2yrBqvAnpUHdlVnVO_6ezgxtlhFLhngQ5ymwpcNyQoiUob2pho3Xlll9AOi7PDMNVwlHdSjvKu1fuiiQUYfQmOT4fDYDyYjN_kPy3VsUzd7JftW_bQQc-nHDTqwdHHweRTZQf4vV7Zr1EvuZGf_vev3mYa3c3FHACRutPK9qNQYRKN76N75VkGH2kOPkCtJGujmxrbVRvd7ptmgm1063MZw_EQ_bpKUNwgKE4zvEYv3CAoVuzDawR9jwWu6akHbMoremKgZ2MqXNITG3o-QqfHg3H_xCq7g1gRHBJgErC0be5ylf7vSRL7TFDfcSPPljKJE0YimyUh_O6x5JIRwgW3iZCcSk-KKKbuY7SfzbLkKcLEYVxIGEhESKgtGEsEYTzyYiriiPgdRA0wQVSWzlcdXKaBiZE8Cwygqq-rF9hOAIB20LtKLtfFY3ZK-Ab3wKRGw2YeAHN3SvJKsjSetVF8LdnuGsXqxTIHjhQO7aBXhnMBEEfdKYosmS3ngcN9VcTT2z7CAwuBOxRGPNFkrWdXZ0nG2bOdss_RnVobvED7i_Nl8hLdiC4W6fy8i_b8CeuWf78_FUobXQ
linkProvider	Elsevier
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neuropsychological+performance+in+first-episode+adolescents+with+schizophrenia%3A+a+comparison+with+first-episode+adults+and+adolescent+control+subjects&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry+%281969%29&rft.au=White%2C+Tonya&rft.au=Ho%2C+Beng-Choon&rft.au=Ward%2C+Julianna&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Daniel&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.issn=0006-3223&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biopsych.2006.01.002&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0006-3223&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0006-3223&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0006-3223&client=summon