Production, extraction and characterization of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides and their applications in AgNPs biosynthesis and biostimulation of plant growth

Chlorella vulgaris , like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg...

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Vydáno v:	Scientific reports Ročník 10; číslo 1; s. 3011
Hlavní autoři:	El-Naggar, Noura El-Ahmady, Hussein, Mervat H., Shaaban-Dessuuki, Sami A., Dalal, Shimaa R.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.02.2020 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	101/28 631/326/2522 631/61/350/354 Algae Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antimicrobial activity Antioxidants Antioxidants - isolation & purification Antioxidants - pharmacology Aquatic microorganisms Bacillus - drug effects Bacillus - growth & development Biodegradation Biosynthesis Calorimetry Candida - drug effects Candida - growth & development Carbonyl compounds Chlorella vulgaris Chlorella vulgaris - chemistry Chlorella vulgaris - growth & development Chlorella vulgaris - metabolism Color Crystallization Differential scanning calorimetry Erwinia - drug effects Erwinia - growth & development Fourier analysis Fourier transforms Fructose Humanities and Social Sciences Infrared spectroscopy Lactose Leaf area Maltose Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry Microbial Sensitivity Tests Monosaccharides multidisciplinary Nanoparticles Nucleic acids Organic solvents Particle Size Photosynthetic pigments Pigments Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant growth Plant Growth Regulators - isolation & purification Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - isolation & purification Polysaccharides - pharmacology Saccharides Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Seeds Seeds - drug effects Seeds - growth & development Silver Silver - chemistry Silver - pharmacology Silver nitrate Spectral analysis Transmission electron microscopy Triticum - drug effects Triticum - growth & development
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Abstract	Chlorella vulgaris , like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g −1 PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g −1 PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g −1 PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g −1 PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N–H, O–H, C–H, –CH 3 , >CH 2 , COO −1 , S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV–Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X–ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, –CH 3 , >CH 2 , C–H,–OH and –NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL −1 ) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities.
AbstractList	Chlorella vulgaris , like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g −1 PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g −1 PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g −1 PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g −1 PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N–H, O–H, C–H, –CH 3 , >CH 2 , COO −1 , S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV–Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X–ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, –CH 3 , >CH 2 , C–H,–OH and –NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL −1 ) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities. Chlorella vulgaris, like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g−1 PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g−1 PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g−1 PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g−1 PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N–H, O–H, C–H, –CH3, >CH2, COO−1, S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV–Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X–ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, –CH3, >CH2, C–H,–OH and –NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL−1) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities. Chlorella vulgaris, like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g-1 PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g-1 PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g-1 PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g-1 PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N-H, O-H, C-H, -CH3, >CH2, COO-1, S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV-Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X-ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, -CH3, >CH2, C-H,-OH and -NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL-1) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities.Chlorella vulgaris, like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g-1 PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g-1 PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g-1 PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g-1 PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N-H, O-H, C-H, -CH3, >CH2, COO-1, S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV-Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X-ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, -CH3, >CH2, C-H,-OH and -NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL-1) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities. Chlorella vulgaris, like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS). The extracted polysaccharides have a complex monosaccharide composition (fructose, maltose, lactose and glucose), sulphate (210.65 ± 10.5 mg g PS), uronic acids (171.97 ± 5.7 mg g PS), total protein content (32.99 ± 2.1 mg g PS), and total carbohydrate (495.44 ± 8.4 mg g PS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the extracted polysaccharides showed the presence of N-H, O-H, C-H, -CH , >CH , COO , S=O and the C=O functional groups. UV-Visible spectral analysis shows the presence of proteins, nucleic acids and chemical groups (ester, carbonyl, carboxyl and amine). Purified polysaccharides were light green in color and in a form of odorless powder. It was soluble in water but insoluble in other organic solvents. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharide is thermostable until 240°C and degradation occurs in three distinct phases. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the characteristic exothermic transition of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides with crystallization temperature peaks at 144.1°C, 162.3°C and 227.7°C. The X-ray diffractogram illustrated the semicrystalline nature of these polysaccharides. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) had been biosynthesized using a solution of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides. The pale green color solution of soluble polysaccharides was turned brown when it was incubated for 24 hours with 100 mM silver nitrate in the dark, it showed peak maximum located at 430 nm. FT-IR analysis for the biosynthesized AgNPs reported the presence of carbonyl, -CH , >CH , C-H,-OH and -NH functional groups. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that AgNPs have spherical shape with an average particle size of 5.76. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the dominance of silver. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for its antimicrobial activity and have positive effects against Bacillus sp., Erwinia sp., Candida sp. Priming seeds of Triticum vulgare and Phaseolus vulgaris with polysaccharides solutions (3 and 5 mg mL ) resulted in significant enhancement of seedling growth. Increased root length, leaf area, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, carbohydrate content, fresh and dry biomass were observed, in addition these growth increments may be attributed to the increase of antioxidant activities.
ArticleNumber	3011
Author	Hussein, Mervat H. Shaaban-Dessuuki, Sami A. El-Naggar, Noura El-Ahmady Dalal, Shimaa R.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Noura El-Ahmady orcidid: 0000-0001-8493-9194 surname: El-Naggar fullname: El-Naggar, Noura El-Ahmady email: nouraelahmady@yahoo.com organization: Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications – sequence: 2 givenname: Mervat H. surname: Hussein fullname: Hussein, Mervat H. organization: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University – sequence: 3 givenname: Sami A. surname: Shaaban-Dessuuki fullname: Shaaban-Dessuuki, Sami A. organization: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University – sequence: 4 givenname: Shimaa R. surname: Dalal fullname: Dalal, Shimaa R. organization: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32080302$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Chlorella vulgaris , like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS).... Chlorella vulgaris, like a wide range of other microalgae, are able to grow mixotrophically. This maximizes its growth and production of polysaccharides (PS)....
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SubjectTerms	101/28 631/326/2522 631/61/350/354 Algae Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antimicrobial activity Antioxidants Antioxidants - isolation & purification Antioxidants - pharmacology Aquatic microorganisms Bacillus - drug effects Bacillus - growth & development Biodegradation Biosynthesis Calorimetry Candida - drug effects Candida - growth & development Carbonyl compounds Chlorella vulgaris Chlorella vulgaris - chemistry Chlorella vulgaris - growth & development Chlorella vulgaris - metabolism Color Crystallization Differential scanning calorimetry Erwinia - drug effects Erwinia - growth & development Fourier analysis Fourier transforms Fructose Humanities and Social Sciences Infrared spectroscopy Lactose Leaf area Maltose Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry Microbial Sensitivity Tests Monosaccharides multidisciplinary Nanoparticles Nucleic acids Organic solvents Particle Size Photosynthetic pigments Pigments Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant growth Plant Growth Regulators - isolation & purification Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology Polysaccharides Polysaccharides - isolation & purification Polysaccharides - pharmacology Saccharides Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Seeds Seeds - drug effects Seeds - growth & development Silver Silver - chemistry Silver - pharmacology Silver nitrate Spectral analysis Transmission electron microscopy Triticum - drug effects Triticum - growth & development
Title	Production, extraction and characterization of Chlorella vulgaris soluble polysaccharides and their applications in AgNPs biosynthesis and biostimulation of plant growth
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