Strong seasonal differences of bacterial polysaccharide utilization in the North Sea over an annual cycle

Summary Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes – extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake – have previously been found to c...

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Vydané v:	Environmental microbiology Ročník 24; číslo 5; s. 2333 - 2347
Hlavní autori:	Giljan, Greta, Arnosti, Carol, Kirstein, Inga V., Amann, Rudolf, Fuchs, Bernhard M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2022 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Predmet:	algal blooms Annual variations Bacteria bacterial communities Blooms carbon Carbon cycle Chondroitin sulfate Extracellular gamma-Proteobacteria Heterotrophic bacteria Hydrolysis Laminarin North Sea Phytoplankton Plankton Polysaccharides Saccharides Seasonal variation Seasonal variations Seasons Spring Spring (season) Uptake Utilization Xylan North Sea
ISSN:	1462-2912, 1462-2920, 1462-2920
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Abstract	Summary Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes – extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake – have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well‐known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved.
AbstractList	Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes – extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake – have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well‐known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved. Summary Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes – extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake – have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well‐known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved. Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes - extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake - have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well-known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved.Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides. The patterns and rates of two different polysaccharide utilization modes - extracellular hydrolysis and selfish uptake - have previously been found to change during spring phytoplankton bloom events. Here we investigated seasonal changes in bacterial utilization of three polysaccharides, laminarin, xylan and chondroitin sulfate. Strong seasonal differences were apparent in mode and speed of polysaccharide utilization, as well as in bacterial community compositions. Compared to the winter month of February, during the spring bloom in May, polysaccharide utilization was detected earlier in the incubations and a higher portion of all bacteria took up laminarin selfishly. Highest polysaccharide utilization was measured in June and September, mediated by bacterial communities that were significantly different from spring assemblages. Extensive selfish laminarin uptake, for example, was detectible within a few hours in June, while extracellular hydrolysis of chondroitin was dominant in September. In addition to the well-known Bacteroidota and Gammaproteobacteria clades, the numerically minor verrucomicrobial clade Pedosphaeraceae could be identified as a rapid laminarin utilizer. In summary, polysaccharide utilization proved highly variable over the seasons, both in mode and speed, and also by the bacterial clades involved.
Author	Arnosti, Carol Giljan, Greta Kirstein, Inga V. Fuchs, Bernhard M. Amann, Rudolf
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Greta orcidid: 0000-0002-7868-4495 surname: Giljan fullname: Giljan, Greta organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology – sequence: 2 givenname: Carol orcidid: 0000-0002-6074-5341 surname: Arnosti fullname: Arnosti, Carol organization: University of North Carolina‐Chapel Hill – sequence: 3 givenname: Inga V. surname: Kirstein fullname: Kirstein, Inga V. organization: Alfred‐Wegner‐Institute Helmholtz‐Center for Polar and Marine Research, Biological Station Helgoland – sequence: 4 givenname: Rudolf surname: Amann fullname: Amann, Rudolf organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology – sequence: 5 givenname: Bernhard M. surname: Fuchs fullname: Fuchs, Bernhard M. email: bfuchs@mpi-bremen.de organization: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
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Snippet	Summary Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The... Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton‐derived polysaccharides. The patterns and... Marine heterotrophic bacteria contribute considerably to global carbon cycling, in part by utilizing phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides. The patterns and...
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SubjectTerms	algal blooms Annual variations Bacteria bacterial communities Blooms carbon Carbon cycle Chondroitin sulfate Extracellular gamma-Proteobacteria Heterotrophic bacteria Hydrolysis Laminarin North Sea Phytoplankton Plankton Polysaccharides Saccharides Seasonal variation Seasonal variations Seasons Spring Spring (season) Uptake Utilization Xylan
Title	Strong seasonal differences of bacterial polysaccharide utilization in the North Sea over an annual cycle
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