Modulating the proteinase inhibitory profile of a plant cystatin by single mutations at positively selected amino acid sites

Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicate...

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Vydáno v:The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology Ročník 48; číslo 3; s. 403 - 413
Hlavní autoři: Kiggundu, Andrew, Goulet, Marie-Claire, Goulet, Charles, Dubuc, Jean-François, Rivard, Daniel, Benchabane, Meriem, Pépin, Geneviève, Vyver, Christell van der, Kunert, Karl, Michaud, Dominique
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2006
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Science
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ISSN:0960-7412, 1365-313X
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Abstract Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the [smallcapital larfav] motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
AbstractList Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the [smallcapital larfav] motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
Summary Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum‐likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host–pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N‐terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the larfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N‐terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site‐directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the larfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the larfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding thelarfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum-likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host-pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N-terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the larfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N-terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site-directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine proteinases during herbivory or infection. Here we used a maximum‐likelihood approach to assess whether plant cystatins, like other proteins implicated in host–pest interactions, have been subject to positive selection during the course of their evolution. Several amino acid sites were identified as being positively selected in cystatins from either Poaceae (monocots) and Solanaceae (dicots). These hypervariable sites were located at strategic positions on the protein: on each side of the conserved glycine residues in the N‐terminal trunk, within the first and second inhibitory loops entering the active site of target enzymes, and surrounding the larfav motif, a sequence of unknown function conserved among plant cystatins. Supporting the assumption that positively selected, hypervariable sites are indicative of amino acid sites implicated in functional diversity, mutants of the 8th cystatin unit of tomato multicystatin including alternative residues at positively selected sites in the N‐terminal trunk exhibited highly variable affinities for the cysteine proteases papain, cathepsin B and cathepsin H. Overall, these observations support the hypothesis that plant cystatins have been under selective pressure to evolve in response to predatory challenges by herbivorous enemies. They also indicate the potential of site‐directed mutagenesis at positively selected sites for the generation of cystatins with improved binding properties.
Author Vyver, Christell van der
Kunert, Karl
Pépin, Geneviève
Michaud, Dominique
Rivard, Daniel
Benchabane, Meriem
Kiggundu, Andrew
Dubuc, Jean-François
Goulet, Marie-Claire
Goulet, Charles
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  fullname: Kunert, Karl
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  fullname: Michaud, Dominique
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Issue 3
Keywords Cystatin
EC 3.4.22.16
Monocotyledones
Cysteine
plant cystatins
Pest
cysteine proteinase inhibitors
Gramineae
plant-insect interactions
Dicotyledones
Aminoacid
Angiospermae
Lycopersicon esculentum
site- directed mutagenesis
Spermatophyta
EC 3.4.22.1
positive selection
Inhibition
Mutation
Solanaceae
EC 3.4.22.2
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
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MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5108-cfb1e54565e9baa4259eac5036f6ca7a9b19d98d3ca3954d900eea56ae0444b53
Notes http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02878.x
This is an intra‐laboratory collaboration. The first four authors contributed equally to this work.
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate November 2006
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2006-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2006
  text: November 2006
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PublicationPlace Oxford, UK
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PublicationTitle The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
PublicationTitleAlternate Plant J
PublicationYear 2006
Publisher Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Blackwell Science
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Snippet Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine...
Summary Cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily have several important functions in plants, including the inhibition of exogenous cysteine...
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StartPage 403
SubjectTerms Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Amino Acids
Amino Acids - chemistry
Base Sequence
binding properties
Binding sites
Biological and medical sciences
cathepsin B
cathepsin H
chemistry
Codon
cystatins
Cystatins - chemistry
Cystatins - pharmacology
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
DNA Primers
evolution
Flowers & plants
functional diversity
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetics and breeding of economic plants
Herbivory
Likelihood Functions
Lycopersicon esculentum
Models, Molecular
Mutagenesis
mutants
Mutation
papain
pharmacology
Plant breeding: fundamental aspects and methodology
plant cystatins
plant–insect interactions
Poaceae
positive selection
Proteinase inhibitors
Proteins
site-directed mutagenesis
Solanaceae
Tomatoes
Title Modulating the proteinase inhibitory profile of a plant cystatin by single mutations at positively selected amino acid sites
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1365-313X.2006.02878.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965553
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/19547305
https://www.proquest.com/docview/47193037
https://www.proquest.com/docview/68981081
Volume 48
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