A crowd of BashTheBug volunteers reproducibly and accurately measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antitubercular drugs from photographs of 96-well broth microdilution plates

Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical s...

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Vydané v:eLife Ročník 11
Hlavní autori: Fowler, Philip W, Wright, Carla, Spiers, Helen, Zhu, Tingting, Baeten, Elisabeth ML, Hoosdally, Sarah W, Gibertoni Cruz, Ana L, Roohi, Aysha, Kouchaki, Samaneh, Walker, Timothy M, Peto, Timothy EA, Miller, Grant, Lintott, Chris, Clifton, David, Crook, Derrick W, Walker, A Sarah
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: England eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 19.05.2022
eLife Sciences Publication
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
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ISSN:2050-084X, 2050-084X
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Abstract Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11–17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing. Tuberculosis is a bacterial respiratory infection that kills about 1.4 million people worldwide each year. While antibiotics can cure the condition, the bacterium responsible for this disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is developing resistance to these treatments. Choosing which antibiotics to use to treat the infection more carefully may help to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant bacteria. One way to find the best choice is to test how an antibiotic affects the growth of M. tuberculosis in the laboratory. To speed up this process, laboratories test multiple drugs simultaneously. They do this by growing bacteria on plates with 96 wells and injecting individual antibiotics in to each well at different concentrations. The Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis (CRyPTIC) consortium has used this approach to collect and analyse bacteria from over 20,000 tuberculosis patients. An image of the 96-well plate is then captured and the level of bacterial growth in each well is assessed by laboratory scientists. But this work is difficult, time-consuming, and subjective, even for tuberculosis experts. Here, Fowler et al. show that enlisting citizen scientists may help speed up this process and reduce errors that arise from analysing such a large dataset. In April 2017, Fowler et al. launched the project ‘BashTheBug’ on the Zooniverse citizen science platform where anyone can access and analyse the images from the CRyPTIC consortium. They found that a crowd of inexperienced volunteers were able to consistently and accurately measure the concentration of antibiotics necessary to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis. If the concentration is above a pre-defined threshold, the bacteria are considered to be resistant to the treatment. A consensus result could be reached by calculating the median value of the classifications provided by as few as 17 different BashTheBug participants. The work of BashTheBug volunteers has reduced errors in the CRyPTIC project data, which has been used for several other studies. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also used the data to create a catalogue of genetic mutations associated with antibiotics resistance in M. tuberculosis . Enlisting citizen scientists has accelerated research on tuberculosis and may help with other pressing public health concerns.
AbstractList Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11–17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing. Tuberculosis is a bacterial respiratory infection that kills about 1.4 million people worldwide each year. While antibiotics can cure the condition, the bacterium responsible for this disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is developing resistance to these treatments. Choosing which antibiotics to use to treat the infection more carefully may help to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant bacteria. One way to find the best choice is to test how an antibiotic affects the growth of M. tuberculosis in the laboratory. To speed up this process, laboratories test multiple drugs simultaneously. They do this by growing bacteria on plates with 96 wells and injecting individual antibiotics in to each well at different concentrations. The Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis (CRyPTIC) consortium has used this approach to collect and analyse bacteria from over 20,000 tuberculosis patients. An image of the 96-well plate is then captured and the level of bacterial growth in each well is assessed by laboratory scientists. But this work is difficult, time-consuming, and subjective, even for tuberculosis experts. Here, Fowler et al. show that enlisting citizen scientists may help speed up this process and reduce errors that arise from analysing such a large dataset. In April 2017, Fowler et al. launched the project ‘BashTheBug’ on the Zooniverse citizen science platform where anyone can access and analyse the images from the CRyPTIC consortium. They found that a crowd of inexperienced volunteers were able to consistently and accurately measure the concentration of antibiotics necessary to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis. If the concentration is above a pre-defined threshold, the bacteria are considered to be resistant to the treatment. A consensus result could be reached by calculating the median value of the classifications provided by as few as 17 different BashTheBug participants. The work of BashTheBug volunteers has reduced errors in the CRyPTIC project data, which has been used for several other studies. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also used the data to create a catalogue of genetic mutations associated with antibiotics resistance in M. tuberculosis. Enlisting citizen scientists has accelerated research on tuberculosis and may help with other pressing public health concerns.
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11–17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing. Tuberculosis is a bacterial respiratory infection that kills about 1.4 million people worldwide each year. While antibiotics can cure the condition, the bacterium responsible for this disease, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is developing resistance to these treatments. Choosing which antibiotics to use to treat the infection more carefully may help to combat the growing threat of drug-resistant bacteria. One way to find the best choice is to test how an antibiotic affects the growth of M. tuberculosis in the laboratory. To speed up this process, laboratories test multiple drugs simultaneously. They do this by growing bacteria on plates with 96 wells and injecting individual antibiotics in to each well at different concentrations. The Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis (CRyPTIC) consortium has used this approach to collect and analyse bacteria from over 20,000 tuberculosis patients. An image of the 96-well plate is then captured and the level of bacterial growth in each well is assessed by laboratory scientists. But this work is difficult, time-consuming, and subjective, even for tuberculosis experts. Here, Fowler et al. show that enlisting citizen scientists may help speed up this process and reduce errors that arise from analysing such a large dataset. In April 2017, Fowler et al. launched the project ‘BashTheBug’ on the Zooniverse citizen science platform where anyone can access and analyse the images from the CRyPTIC consortium. They found that a crowd of inexperienced volunteers were able to consistently and accurately measure the concentration of antibiotics necessary to inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis. If the concentration is above a pre-defined threshold, the bacteria are considered to be resistant to the treatment. A consensus result could be reached by calculating the median value of the classifications provided by as few as 17 different BashTheBug participants. The work of BashTheBug volunteers has reduced errors in the CRyPTIC project data, which has been used for several other studies. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also used the data to create a catalogue of genetic mutations associated with antibiotics resistance in M. tuberculosis . Enlisting citizen scientists has accelerated research on tuberculosis and may help with other pressing public health concerns.
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11–17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11-17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing.Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome it is desirable to test the susceptibility of each infection to different antibiotics. Conventionally, this is done by culturing a clinical sample and then exposing aliquots to a panel of antibiotics, each being present at a pre-determined concentration, thereby determining if the sample isresistant or susceptible to each sample. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug is the lowestconcentration that inhibits growth and is a more useful quantity but requires each sample to be tested at a range ofconcentrations for each drug. Using 96-well broth micro dilution plates with each well containing a lyophilised pre-determined amount of an antibiotic is a convenient and cost-effective way to measure the MICs of several drugs at once for a clinical sample. Although accurate, this is still an expensive and slow process that requires highly-skilled and experienced laboratory scientists. Here we show that, through the BashTheBug project hosted on the Zooniverse citizen science platform, a crowd of volunteers can reproducibly and accurately determine the MICs for 13 drugs and that simply taking the median or mode of 11-17 independent classifications is sufficient. There is therefore a potential role for crowds to support (but not supplant) the role of experts in antibiotic susceptibility testing.
Author Zhu, Tingting
Kouchaki, Samaneh
Spiers, Helen
Roohi, Aysha
Peto, Timothy EA
Walker, A Sarah
Lintott, Chris
Wright, Carla
Fowler, Philip W
Hoosdally, Sarah W
Clifton, David
Miller, Grant
Walker, Timothy M
Gibertoni Cruz, Ana L
Crook, Derrick W
Baeten, Elisabeth ML
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35588296$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Contributor Solano, Walter
Grandjean, Louis
Nimmo, Camus
Meintjes, Graeme
Knaggs, Jeff
Ghodousi, Arash
Hoffmann, Harald
Fowler, Philip W
Liu, Chunfa
Plesnik, Sara
Van Rie, Annelies
Rodrigues, Camilla
Carter, Joshua
Koch, Anastasia
Steyn, Adrie J C
Battaglia, Simone
Guthrie, Jennifer L
Rathod, Priti
Lachapelle, Alexander S
Jarrett, Lisa
Gardy, Jennifer
Lalvani, Ajit
Millard, James
Ngcamu, Dumisani
Miotto, Paolo
Rakotosamimanana, Niaina
Kambli, Priti
Laurenson, Ian F
Surve, Utkarsha
Tahseen, Sabira
Ismail, Nazir Ahmed
Kouchaki, Samaneh
Spitaleri, Andrea
Ferrazoli, Lucilaine
Moore, David
Chetty, Darren
Oliveira, Rosangela Siqueira
Gao, George F
Kohl, Thomas Andreas
Matias, Daniela
Brankin, Alice
Rodger, Gillian
Nilgiriwala, Kayzad Soli
Watanabe Pinhata, Juliana Maira
Omar, Shaheed Vally
Trovato, Alberto
Shah, Sanchi
Claxton, Pauline
Cohen, Ted
Mandal, Ayan
Kohlerschmidt, Donna
Coronel, Jorge
Earle, Sarah G
Clifton, David A
Vijay, Srinivasan
Peto, Timothy E A
Rabodoarivelo, Marie Sylvianne
Joseph, Lavania
Letcher, Brice
Cirillo, Daniela Maria
Santos-Lazaro, Da
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Keywords infectious disease
tuberculosis
microbiology
citizen science
clinical microbiology
antibiotics
M. tuberculosis
Language English
License 2022, Fowler et al.
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease that is treatable with antibiotics. An increasing prevalence of resistance means that to ensure a good treatment outcome...
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SubjectTerms Antibiotics
Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology
citizen science
Classification
clinical microbiology
Consortia
Datasets
Humans
Laboratories
Life Sciences
M. tuberculosis
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pandemics
Participation
Pathogens
Respiratory diseases
Scientists
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - drug therapy
Volunteers
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Title A crowd of BashTheBug volunteers reproducibly and accurately measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antitubercular drugs from photographs of 96-well broth microdilution plates
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