Smacoviridae: a new family of animal-associated single-stranded DNA viruses

Smacoviruses have small (∼2.3-2.9 kb), circular single-stranded DNA genomes encoding rolling circle replication-associated proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. Although smacoviruses are prevalent in faecal matter of various vertebrates, including humans, none of these viruses have been culture...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of virology Vol. 163; no. 7; pp. 2005 - 2015
Main Authors: Varsani, Arvind, Krupovic, Mart
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Vienna Springer Vienna 01.07.2018
Springer Nature B.V
Springer Verlag
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
amino acid sequences
Animals
Biodiversity
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
circular DNA
coat proteins
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Viruses
DNA Viruses - classification
DNA Viruses - genetics
DNA Viruses - isolation & purification
DNA, Circular
DNA, Single-Stranded
DNA, Single-Stranded - genetics
DNA, Viral
DNA, Viral - genetics
Feces
Feces - virology
Geminiviridae
Geminiviridae - genetics
Genera
genome
Genome, Viral
Genomes
Humans
Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences
Medical Microbiology
Metagenomics
Metagenomics - methods
Microbiology and Parasitology
new family
New genera
new genus
Nucleotide sequence
Phylogeny
Sequence Analysis, DNA
sequence diversity
Single-stranded DNA
Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Taxonomy
Virology
Virology Division News
viruses
ISSN:0304-8608, 1432-8798, 1432-8798
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Smacoviruses have small (∼2.3-2.9 kb), circular single-stranded DNA genomes encoding rolling circle replication-associated proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. Although smacoviruses are prevalent in faecal matter of various vertebrates, including humans, none of these viruses have been cultured thus far. Smacoviruses display ∼45% genome-wide sequence diversity, which is very similar to that found within other families of circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses, including members of the families Geminiviridae (46% diversity) and Genomoviridae (47% diversity). Here, we announce the creation of a new family Smacoviridae and describe a sequence-based taxonomic framework which was used to classify 83 smacovirus genomes into 43 species within six new genera, Bovismacovirus (n=3), Cosmacovirus (n=1),  Dragsmacovirus (n=1),  Drosmacovirus (n=3), Huchismacovirus (n=7), and Porprismacovirus (n=28). As in the case of genomoviruses, the species demarcation is based on the genome-wide pairwise identity, whereas genera are established based on the Rep amino acid sequence identity coupled with strong phylogenetic support. A similar sequence-based taxonomic framework should guide the classification of an astonishing diversity of other uncultured and currently unclassified CRESS DNA viruses discovered by metagenomic approaches.
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ISSN:0304-8608
1432-8798
1432-8798
DOI:10.1007/s00705-018-3820-z