Molecular evolution of viruses of the family Filoviridae based on 97 whole-genome sequences

Viruses in the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus genera (family Filoviridae) have been associated with large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in human and nonhuman primates. The first documented cases occurred in primates over 45 years ago, but the amount of virus genetic diversity detected within bat popul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of virology Vol. 87; no. 5; p. 2608
Main Authors: Carroll, Serena A, Towner, Jonathan S, Sealy, Tara K, McMullan, Laura K, Khristova, Marina L, Burt, Felicity J, Swanepoel, Robert, Rollin, Pierre E, Nichol, Stuart T
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.03.2013
Subjects:
Amino Acid Substitution
Animals
Base Sequence
Chiroptera - virology
Ebolavirus - classification
Ebolavirus - genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Variation
Genome, Viral
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - epidemiology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola - genetics
Humans
Marburg Virus Disease - epidemiology
Marburg Virus Disease - genetics
Marburgvirus - classification
Marburgvirus - genetics
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
Primates - virology
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Viral Proteins - chemistry
Viral Proteins - genetics
ISSN:1098-5514, 1098-5514
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Summary:Viruses in the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus genera (family Filoviridae) have been associated with large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in human and nonhuman primates. The first documented cases occurred in primates over 45 years ago, but the amount of virus genetic diversity detected within bat populations, which have recently been identified as potential reservoir hosts, suggests that the filoviruses are much older. Here, detailed Bayesian coalescent phylogenetic analyses are performed on 97 whole-genome sequences, 55 of which are newly reported, to comprehensively examine molecular evolutionary rates and estimate dates of common ancestry for viruses within the family Filoviridae. Molecular evolutionary rates for viruses belonging to different species range from 0.46 × 10(-4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year for Sudan ebolavirus to 8.21 × 10(-4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year for Reston ebolavirus. Most recent common ancestry can be traced back only within the last 50 years for Reston ebolavirus and Zaire ebolavirus species and suggests that viruses within these species may have undergone recent genetic bottlenecks. Viruses within Marburg marburgvirus and Sudan ebolavirus species can be traced back further and share most recent common ancestors approximately 700 and 850 years before the present, respectively. Examination of the whole family suggests that members of the Filoviridae, including the recently described Lloviu virus, shared a most recent common ancestor approximately 10,000 years ago. These data will be valuable for understanding the evolution of filoviruses in the context of natural history as new reservoir hosts are identified and, further, for determining mechanisms of emergence, pathogenicity, and the ongoing threat to public health.
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ISSN:1098-5514
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/JVI.03118-12