Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID‐19 by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world‐wide review

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GL...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. e28118 - n/a
Main Authors: Wang, Chao, Liu, Bei, Zhang, Sihui, Huang, Ninghua, Zhao, Tianshuo, Lu, Qing‐Bin, Cui, Fuqiang
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2023
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects:
case fatality rate
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 vaccines
Fatalities
Humans
Immunization
Incidence
Mutation
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Statistical models
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Virology
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
case fatality rate
SARS-CoV-2 Delta
ISSN:0146-6615, 1096-9071, 1096-9071
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS‐CoV‐2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.
Bibliography:Chao Wang and Bei Liu contributed equally to this study.
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ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.28118