Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID‐19 by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world‐wide review

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GL...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of medical virology Ročník 95; číslo 1; s. e28118 - n/a
Hlavní autoři:	Wang, Chao, Liu, Bei, Zhang, Sihui, Huang, Ninghua, Zhao, Tianshuo, Lu, Qing‐Bin, Cui, Fuqiang
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2023 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Témata:	case fatality rate Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 vaccines Fatalities Humans Immunization Incidence Mutation Pathogenicity Pathogens SARS-CoV-2 - genetics SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical models Vaccination Vaccines Viral diseases Virology SARS-CoV-2 Omicron case fatality rate SARS-CoV-2 Delta
ISSN:	0146-6615, 1096-9071, 1096-9071
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Abstract	We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS‐CoV‐2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.
AbstractList	We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS‐CoV‐2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death. We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76–18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87–7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS‐CoV‐2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death. We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76-18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87-7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87-1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76-18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87-7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87-1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.
Author	Liu, Bei Huang, Ninghua Wang, Chao Zhao, Tianshuo Zhang, Sihui Lu, Qing‐Bin Cui, Fuqiang
AuthorAffiliation	3 Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China 1 Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China – name: 3 Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China – name: 1 Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Chao surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chao organization: Peking University – sequence: 2 givenname: Bei surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Bei organization: Peking University – sequence: 3 givenname: Sihui surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Sihui organization: Peking University – sequence: 4 givenname: Ninghua surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Ninghua organization: Peking University – sequence: 5 givenname: Tianshuo surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Tianshuo organization: Peking University – sequence: 6 givenname: Qing‐Bin orcidid: 0000-0002-2804-0827 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Qing‐Bin email: qingbinlu@bjmu.edu.cn organization: Peking University – sequence: 7 givenname: Fuqiang surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Fuqiang email: cuifuq@bjmu.edu.cn organization: Peking University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36056540$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)... We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)... We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)... We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...
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SubjectTerms	case fatality rate Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 vaccines Fatalities Humans Immunization Incidence Mutation Pathogenicity Pathogens SARS-CoV-2 - genetics SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical models Vaccination Vaccines Viral diseases Virology
Title	Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID‐19 by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world‐wide review
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