Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes: unraveling the crime scene
Summary Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creatin...
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| Vydáno v: | Clinical and experimental immunology Ročník 195; číslo 1; s. 15 - 24 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autor: | |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
England
Oxford University Press
01.01.2019
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0009-9104, 1365-2249, 1365-2249 |
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| Abstract | Summary
Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the ‘scene of the crime’. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent‐onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low‐grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a ‘viral signature’ exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up‐regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG‐I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen‐I (HLA‐I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA‐I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell ‘murder’, the time‐line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Summary
Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the ‘scene of the crime’. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent‐onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low‐grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a ‘viral signature’ exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up‐regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG‐I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen‐I (HLA‐I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA‐I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell ‘murder’, the time‐line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise. Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the 'scene of the crime'. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a 'viral signature' exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell 'murder', the time-line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise. Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the ‘scene of the crime’. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a ‘viral signature’ exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell ‘murder’ is provided, the time-line of events from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death is investigated and possible accomplices that might be involved in beta cell demise are highlighted. Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the 'scene of the crime'. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a 'viral signature' exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell 'murder', the time-line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise.Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the 'scene of the crime'. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a 'viral signature' exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell 'murder', the time-line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise. |
| Author | Rodriguez‐Calvo, T. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Institute for Diabetes Research Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Institute for Diabetes Research Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: T. surname: Rodriguez‐Calvo fullname: Rodriguez‐Calvo, T. email: teresa.rodriguez@helmholtz-muenchen.de organization: Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30307605$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | type 1 diabetes beta cell destruction interferon response virus infection |
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| Notes | The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison’s disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:52–63. Pathogen infections and primary biliary cholangitis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:25–34. Pathogen infection and autoimmune disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:10–14. Mechanisms of lymphatic system‐specific viral replication and its potential role in autoimmune disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:64–73. The microbiome in autoimmune diseases. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:74–85. OTHER ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THIS REVIEW SERIES Pathogens and autoimmune hepatitis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2019, 195:35–51. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
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Changes in HLA, adhesion molecules and autoantigens, restricted T cell receptor V beta usage, and cytokine profile publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.3.1360 |
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Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but... Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Antigen presentation Antigens Apoptosis Autoimmunity beta cell destruction Beta cells Capsid protein Cell death Cell recognition Chemokines Crime scenes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology eIF-2 kinase Enterovirus - physiology Enterovirus Infections - immunology Enteroviruses Gene Expression Regulation Glucose Histocompatibility antigen HLA Humans Inflammation Insulin-Secreting Cells - physiology Insulitis Interferon interferon response Interferons - genetics Interferons - metabolism Islets of Langerhans Kinases Lymphocytes T Melanoma Myxovirus resistance proteins Pathogens in Autoimmune Disease Series Editor: Urs Christen Protein kinase R Proteins Retinoic acid Review Ribonucleic acid RNA T-Lymphocytes - immunology type 1 diabetes virus infection |
| Title | Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes: unraveling the crime scene |
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