Rapid Diagnostic Test to Detect and Discriminate Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) Genogroups U and M to Aid Management of Pacific Northwest Salmonid Populations

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia...

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Vydáno v:Animals (Basel) Ročník 12; číslo 14; s. 1761
Hlavní autoři: Batts, William N., Capps, Tony R., Crosson, Lisa M., Powers, Rachel L., Breyta, Rachel, Purcell, Maureen K.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 09.07.2022
MDPI
Témata:
adults
Asia
Binding sites
Cell culture
coasts
Columbia River
diagnostic accuracy
diagnostic sensitivity
Europe
Fish hatcheries
fish industry
genes
geographical distribution
Idaho
IHNV
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
monitoring
nucleocapsid
Oncorhynchus mykiss
pathogens
Phylogenetics
phylogeny
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
reference standards
reverse transcription
Salmon
sensitivity
specificity
strain discrimination
Surveillance
Trout
Viruses
Watersheds
Oregon
United States > US
Columbia River
Asia
Europe
Idaho
diagnostic accuracy
infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
IHNV
genogroup
strain discrimination
specificity
salmonid
sensitivity
Columbia River Basin
ISSN:2076-2615, 2076-2615
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Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.
AbstractList Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.
Simple SummaryInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) can cause severe disease and mortality in salmon and trout. Two major groups of the virus are found in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast, designated U and M. The U and M groups pose different risks depending on the fish host species. Here, we report the development of a new diagnostic test that can both detect the presence of IHNV and rapidly discriminate between the U and M groups. The new assay proved sensitive and specific when applied to free ranging, returning adult Pacific salmon. AbstractInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into five major virus genogroups (U, M, L, E, and J). The geographic range of the U and M genogroup isolates overlap in the North American Columbia River Basin and Washington Coast region, where these genogroups pose different risks depending on the species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). For certain management decisions, there is a need to both test for IHNV presence and rapidly determine the genogroup. Herein, we report the development and validation of a U/M multiplex reverse transcription, real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) assay targeting the IHNV nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The new U/M RT-rPCR is a rapid, sensitive, and repeatable assay capable of specifically discriminating between North American U and M genogroup IHNV isolates. However, one M genogroup isolate obtained from commercially cultured Idaho rainbow trout (O. mykiss) showed reduced sensitivity with the RT-rPCR test, suggesting caution may be warranted before applying RT-rPCR as the sole surveillance test in areas associated with the Idaho trout industry. The new U/M assay had high diagnostic sensitivity (DSe > 94%) and specificity (DSp > 97%) in free-ranging adult Pacific salmon, when assessed relative to cell culture, the widely accepted reference standard, as well as the previously validated universal N RT-rPCR test. The high diagnostic performance of the new U/M assay indicates the test is suitable for surveillance, diagnosis, and confirmation of IHNV in Pacific salmon from the Pacific Northwest regions where the U and M genogroups overlap.
Author Powers, Rachel L.
Breyta, Rachel
Purcell, Maureen K.
Capps, Tony R.
Crosson, Lisa M.
Batts, William N.
AuthorAffiliation 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; bbatts@usgs.gov (W.N.B.); rpowers@usgs.gov (R.L.P.)
2 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501, USA; tony.capps@dfw.wa.gov (T.R.C.); lisa.crosson@dfw.wa.gov (L.M.C.)
3 School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; rbjmax@uw.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; bbatts@usgs.gov (W.N.B.); rpowers@usgs.gov (R.L.P.)
– name: 2 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501, USA; tony.capps@dfw.wa.gov (T.R.C.); lisa.crosson@dfw.wa.gov (L.M.C.)
– name: 3 School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; rbjmax@uw.edu
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fsi_2023_109129
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2025_742433
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Issue 14
Keywords diagnostic accuracy
infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
IHNV
genogroup
strain discrimination
specificity
salmonid
sensitivity
Columbia River Basin
Language English
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Snippet Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is an acute pathogen of salmonids in North America, Europe, and Asia that is phylogenetically classified into...
Simple SummaryInfectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) can cause severe disease and mortality in salmon and trout. Two major groups of the virus are...
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StartPage 1761
SubjectTerms adults
Asia
Binding sites
Cell culture
coasts
Columbia River
diagnostic accuracy
diagnostic sensitivity
Europe
Fish hatcheries
fish industry
genes
geographical distribution
Idaho
IHNV
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
monitoring
nucleocapsid
Oncorhynchus mykiss
pathogens
Phylogenetics
phylogeny
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
reference standards
reverse transcription
Salmon
sensitivity
specificity
strain discrimination
Surveillance
Trout
Viruses
Watersheds
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Title Rapid Diagnostic Test to Detect and Discriminate Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) Genogroups U and M to Aid Management of Pacific Northwest Salmonid Populations
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Volume 12
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