Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh produce in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the...

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Vydáno v:	Water S. A. Ročník 50; číslo 2; s. 148 - 153
Hlavní autoři:	Tshabuse, F, Cele, NK, Opoku, AR, Basson, A., Mthembu, MS, Swalaha, MF
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Gezina Water Research Commission (WRC) 01.04.2024 Water Research Commission
Témata:	Ampicillin Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Colistin Contamination Convenience foods Disease Disease susceptibility Epidemics Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Food contamination & poisoning Genes Immune system Ingestion inlA gene internalin L. monocytogenes Lettuce Listeria Listeria monocytogenes Listeria spp Listeriosis Medical research Medicine, Experimental Microorganisms Pathogens Rivers Spinach Tetracycline Tetracyclines Vegetables Virulence Virulence genes Water South Africa KwaZulu-Natal Province South Africa
ISSN:	0378-4738, 1816-7950
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Abstract	Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The inlA gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc difusion method. The presence of the amplified inlA gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems.
AbstractList	The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). [...]lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. [...]the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems. The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow in adverse conditions, including wide temperature ranges (-7 to 45癈), pH ranges (4.0 to 9.6), and salt concentrations (Junttila et al., 1988; Lado and Yousef, 2007), makes it a difficult pathogen to control and eradicate. Because of this, L. monocytogenes has been implicated in multiple FBD outbreaks worldwide. [...]the resulting enriched Fraser broth culture was streaked onto Oxford Agar (Sigma-Aldrich) in triplicate and incubated (37 癈 for 24 h) further. Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The in/A gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The presence of the amplified in/A gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems. KEYWORDS in/A gene internalin Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes virulence genes Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The inlA gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc difusion method. The presence of the amplified inlA gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems. Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The in/A gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The presence of the amplified in/A gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems.
Audience	Academic
Author	Tshabuse, F Basson, A. Mthembu, MS Opoku, AR Swalaha, MF Cele, NK
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Snippet	Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study... Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study... The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin...
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SubjectTerms	Ampicillin Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Colistin Contamination Convenience foods Disease Disease susceptibility Epidemics Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Food contamination & poisoning Genes Immune system Ingestion inlA gene internalin L. monocytogenes Lettuce Listeria Listeria monocytogenes Listeria spp Listeriosis Medical research Medicine, Experimental Microorganisms Pathogens Rivers Spinach Tetracycline Tetracyclines Vegetables Virulence Virulence genes Water
Title	Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh produce in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
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