Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review

Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate de...

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Published in:Molecular biotechnology Vol. 63; no. 4; pp. 249 - 266
Main Authors: Kurian, Talitha Keren, Banik, Soumyabrata, Gopal, Dharshini, Chakrabarti, Shweta, Mazumder, Nirmal
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2021
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biological Techniques
Biomarkers
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Communication
Electron microscopy
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Flow cytometry
gel chromatography
Higher education
Human Genetics
Immune response
Immune system
Life sciences
Light scattering
Lipids
Metastases
Metastasis
Microfluidic devices
Microfluidics
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
neoplasms
Photon correlation spectroscopy
Plasma
Protein Science
Proteins
Review
Size exclusion chromatography
therapeutics
Ultracentrifugation
Ultrafiltration
Vesicles
Biomarkers
Diagnosis
Exosomes
Therapeutics
ISSN:1073-6085, 1559-0305, 1559-0305
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Abstract Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
AbstractList Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.
Author Chakrabarti, Shweta
Kurian, Talitha Keren
Banik, Soumyabrata
Mazumder, Nirmal
Gopal, Dharshini
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33492613$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 1073-6085
1559-0305
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Issue 4
Keywords Biomarkers
Diagnosis
Exosomes
Therapeutics
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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PublicationTitle Molecular biotechnology
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Snippet Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune...
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SubjectTerms Biochemistry
Biological Techniques
Biomarkers
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Communication
Electron microscopy
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Flow cytometry
gel chromatography
Higher education
Human Genetics
Immune response
Immune system
Life sciences
Light scattering
Lipids
Metastases
Metastasis
Microfluidic devices
Microfluidics
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
neoplasms
Photon correlation spectroscopy
Plasma
Protein Science
Proteins
Review
Size exclusion chromatography
therapeutics
Ultracentrifugation
Ultrafiltration
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Title Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review
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