Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate de...
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| Published in: | Molecular biotechnology Vol. 63; no. 4; pp. 249 - 266 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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New York
Springer US
01.04.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 1073-6085, 1559-0305, 1559-0305 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains. |
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| AbstractList | Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains. Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains. Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains.Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles present in most of the biological fluids. They are found to play an important role in cell signaling, immune response, tumor metastasis, etc. Studies have shown that these vesicles also have diagnostic and therapeutic roles for which their accurate detection and quantification is essential. Due to the complexity in size and structure of exosomes, even the gold standard methods face challenges. This comprehensive review discusses the various standard methods such as ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, precipitation, immunoaffinity, and microfluidic technologies for the isolation of exosomes. The principle of isolation of each method is described, as well as their specific advantages and disadvantages. Quantification of exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, tunable resistive pulse sensing, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and microfluidic devices are also described, along with the applications of exosomes in various biomedical domains. |
| Author | Chakrabarti, Shweta Kurian, Talitha Keren Banik, Soumyabrata Mazumder, Nirmal Gopal, Dharshini |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Talitha Keren surname: Kurian fullname: Kurian, Talitha Keren organization: Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) – sequence: 2 givenname: Soumyabrata orcidid: 0000-0002-2254-1428 surname: Banik fullname: Banik, Soumyabrata organization: Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) – sequence: 3 givenname: Dharshini surname: Gopal fullname: Gopal, Dharshini organization: Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) – sequence: 4 givenname: Shweta surname: Chakrabarti fullname: Chakrabarti, Shweta organization: Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) – sequence: 5 givenname: Nirmal orcidid: 0000-0001-8068-6484 surname: Mazumder fullname: Mazumder, Nirmal email: nirmaluva@gmail.com organization: Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33492613$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Biomarkers Diagnosis Exosomes Therapeutics |
| Language | English |
| License | Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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| PublicationTitle | Molecular biotechnology |
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| SubjectTerms | Biochemistry Biological Techniques Biomarkers Biosynthesis Biotechnology Cell Biology Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Communication Electron microscopy Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Flow cytometry gel chromatography Higher education Human Genetics Immune response Immune system Life sciences Light scattering Lipids Metastases Metastasis Microfluidic devices Microfluidics Microscopy Nanoparticles neoplasms Photon correlation spectroscopy Plasma Protein Science Proteins Review Size exclusion chromatography therapeutics Ultracentrifugation Ultrafiltration Vesicles |
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| Title | Elucidating Methods for Isolation and Quantification of Exosomes: A Review |
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