An Old New Friend: Folliculo-Stellate Cells in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the follic...

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Vydáno v:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 14; číslo 13; s. 1019
Hlavní autoři: Nastase, Valeria-Nicoleta, Burcea, Iulia Florentina, Dumitriu-Stan, Roxana Ioana, Ceausu, Amalia Raluca, Zara, Flavia, Poiana, Catalina, Raica, Marius
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.07.2025
MDPI
Témata:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adult
Aged
Angiogenesis
Blood vessels
Cell differentiation
Development and progression
DNA binding proteins
Endothelial cells
Female
FS cells
GFAP
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism
Growth factors
Growth hormones
Hormones
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular modelling
Morphology
Neuroendocrine tumors
Neuroendocrine Tumors - metabolism
Neuroendocrine Tumors - pathology
Neurosurgery
Null cells
Pharmacy
Pit1 protein
PitNETs
Pituitary (anterior)
Pituitary hormones
Pituitary Neoplasms - metabolism
Pituitary Neoplasms - pathology
Statistical analysis
Stellate cells
Transcription factors
Tumor cells
Tumor microenvironment
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
United Kingdom
Romania
United Kingdom > UK
Bucharest Romania
blood vessels
FS cells
PitNETs
GFAP
ISSN:2073-4409, 2073-4409
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Abstract Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the folliculo-stellate (FS) cell. We examined FS cells in 77 PitNETs obtained by transsphenoidal surgery, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an immunohistochemical marker. Immunohistochemistry for anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors was performed to accurately classify the tumors. Our study included 19 somatotroph, 16 mammosomatotroph, 5 plurihormonal PIT-1 positive, 7 corticotroph, 14 gonadotroph, 11 unusual plurihormonal, and 5 null cell PitNETs. FS cells were observed in 55 of the cases, distributed isolated, in small groups or diffuse networks. A considerable number of tumors immunopositive for more than one hormone (including associations between GH/PRL, but also unusual combinations like GH/ACTH) also contained FS cells (p < 0.01), suggesting their involvement in tumor lineages differentiation. In 27 tumors, GFAP-positive cells clustered in highly vascularized areas. Additionally, in 11 of these cases a direct interaction between endothelial cells and FS cells was noted, sustaining their potential role in tumor angiogenesis. Given their complexity, FS cells may be crucial for understanding tumorigenesis mechanisms.
AbstractList Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the folliculo-stellate (FS) cell. We examined FS cells in 77 PitNETs obtained by transsphenoidal surgery, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an immunohistochemical marker. Immunohistochemistry for anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors was performed to accurately classify the tumors. Our study included 19 somatotroph, 16 mammosomatotroph, 5 plurihormonal PIT-1 positive, 7 corticotroph, 14 gonadotroph, 11 unusual plurihormonal, and 5 null cell PitNETs. FS cells were observed in 55 of the cases, distributed isolated, in small groups or diffuse networks. A considerable number of tumors immunopositive for more than one hormone (including associations between GH/PRL, but also unusual combinations like GH/ACTH) also contained FS cells (p < 0.01), suggesting their involvement in tumor lineages differentiation. In 27 tumors, GFAP-positive cells clustered in highly vascularized areas. Additionally, in 11 of these cases a direct interaction between endothelial cells and FS cells was noted, sustaining their potential role in tumor angiogenesis. Given their complexity, FS cells may be crucial for understanding tumorigenesis mechanisms.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the folliculo-stellate (FS) cell. We examined FS cells in 77 PitNETs obtained by transsphenoidal surgery, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an immunohistochemical marker. Immunohistochemistry for anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors was performed to accurately classify the tumors. Our study included 19 somatotroph, 16 mammosomatotroph, 5 plurihormonal PIT-1 positive, 7 corticotroph, 14 gonadotroph, 11 unusual plurihormonal, and 5 null cell PitNETs. FS cells were observed in 55 of the cases, distributed isolated, in small groups or diffuse networks. A considerable number of tumors immunopositive for more than one hormone (including associations between GH/PRL, but also unusual combinations like GH/ACTH) also contained FS cells ( < 0.01), suggesting their involvement in tumor lineages differentiation. In 27 tumors, GFAP-positive cells clustered in highly vascularized areas. Additionally, in 11 of these cases a direct interaction between endothelial cells and FS cells was noted, sustaining their potential role in tumor angiogenesis. Given their complexity, FS cells may be crucial for understanding tumorigenesis mechanisms.
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the folliculo-stellate (FS) cell. We examined FS cells in 77 PitNETs obtained by transsphenoidal surgery, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an immunohistochemical marker. Immunohistochemistry for anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors was performed to accurately classify the tumors. Our study included 19 somatotroph, 16 mammosomatotroph, 5 plurihormonal PIT-1 positive, 7 corticotroph, 14 gonadotroph, 11 unusual plurihormonal, and 5 null cell PitNETs. FS cells were observed in 55 of the cases, distributed isolated, in small groups or diffuse networks. A considerable number of tumors immunopositive for more than one hormone (including associations between GH/PRL, but also unusual combinations like GH/ACTH) also contained FS cells (p < 0.01), suggesting their involvement in tumor lineages differentiation. In 27 tumors, GFAP-positive cells clustered in highly vascularized areas. Additionally, in 11 of these cases a direct interaction between endothelial cells and FS cells was noted, sustaining their potential role in tumor angiogenesis. Given their complexity, FS cells may be crucial for understanding tumorigenesis mechanisms.Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells, analyzing the tumor microenvironment may help identify novel prognostic markers and therapies. A key component of this environment is the folliculo-stellate (FS) cell. We examined FS cells in 77 PitNETs obtained by transsphenoidal surgery, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an immunohistochemical marker. Immunohistochemistry for anterior pituitary hormones and transcription factors was performed to accurately classify the tumors. Our study included 19 somatotroph, 16 mammosomatotroph, 5 plurihormonal PIT-1 positive, 7 corticotroph, 14 gonadotroph, 11 unusual plurihormonal, and 5 null cell PitNETs. FS cells were observed in 55 of the cases, distributed isolated, in small groups or diffuse networks. A considerable number of tumors immunopositive for more than one hormone (including associations between GH/PRL, but also unusual combinations like GH/ACTH) also contained FS cells (p < 0.01), suggesting their involvement in tumor lineages differentiation. In 27 tumors, GFAP-positive cells clustered in highly vascularized areas. Additionally, in 11 of these cases a direct interaction between endothelial cells and FS cells was noted, sustaining their potential role in tumor angiogenesis. Given their complexity, FS cells may be crucial for understanding tumorigenesis mechanisms.
Audience Academic
Author Zara, Flavia
Raica, Marius
Dumitriu-Stan, Roxana Ioana
Nastase, Valeria-Nicoleta
Ceausu, Amalia Raluca
Burcea, Iulia Florentina
Poiana, Catalina
AuthorAffiliation 2 Angiogenesis Research Centre, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
3 Pius Branzeu” County Emergency Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
4 “C. I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania; iulia.burcea@umfcd.ro (I.F.B.); roxana-ioana.dumitriu@drd.umfcd.ro (R.I.D.-S.); endoparhon@gmail.com (C.P.)
6 Municipal Emergency Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
1 Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; ra.ceausu@umft.ro (A.R.C.); flavia.zara@umft.ro (F.Z.); raica@umft.ro (M.R.)
5 Endocrinology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 “C. I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania; iulia.burcea@umfcd.ro (I.F.B.); roxana-ioana.dumitriu@drd.umfcd.ro (R.I.D.-S.); endoparhon@gmail.com (C.P.)
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Keywords blood vessels
FS cells
PitNETs
GFAP
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Snippet Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent a complex pathology based on numerous incompletely elucidated molecular mechanisms. Beyond tumor cells,...
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StartPage 1019
SubjectTerms Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adult
Aged
Angiogenesis
Blood vessels
Cell differentiation
Development and progression
DNA binding proteins
Endothelial cells
Female
FS cells
GFAP
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism
Growth factors
Growth hormones
Hormones
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Middle Aged
Molecular modelling
Morphology
Neuroendocrine tumors
Neuroendocrine Tumors - metabolism
Neuroendocrine Tumors - pathology
Neurosurgery
Null cells
Pharmacy
Pit1 protein
PitNETs
Pituitary (anterior)
Pituitary hormones
Pituitary Neoplasms - metabolism
Pituitary Neoplasms - pathology
Statistical analysis
Stellate cells
Transcription factors
Tumor cells
Tumor microenvironment
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Title An Old New Friend: Folliculo-Stellate Cells in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
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