The birth of piRNAs: how mammalian piRNAs are produced, originated, and evolved

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24–35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most ab...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mammalian genome Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 293 - 311
Main Authors: Sun, Yu H., Lee, Brent, Li, Xin Zhiguo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.06.2022
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
adults
animal fertility
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
biogenesis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Birth
Cell Biology
Chromatin
DNA
DNA Transposable Elements - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Fertility
fruits
Gene expression
gene expression regulation
Gene regulation
genome
Genomics
germ cells
Human Genetics
Imprinting
Life Sciences
Male
Mammals
Mammals - genetics
Mice
Nucleotides
Post-transcription
RNA processing
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
Sexual dimorphism
Testis - metabolism
therapeutics
transposons
ISSN:0938-8990, 1432-1777, 1432-1777
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24–35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most abundant small RNAs in adult testes and the only small RNAs that direct epigenetic modification of chromatin in the nucleus. The production of piRNAs is a complex process from transcription to post-transcription, requiring unique machinery often distinct from the biogenesis of other RNAs. In mice, piRNA biogenesis occurs in specialized subcellular locations, involves dynamic developmental regulation, and displays sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, the genomic loci and sequences of piRNAs evolve much more rapidly than most of the genomic regions. Understanding piRNA biogenesis should reveal novel RNA regulations recognizing and processing piRNA precursors and the forces driving the gain and loss of piRNAs during animal evolution. Such findings may provide the basis for the development of engineered piRNAs capable of modulating epigenetic regulation, thereby offering possible single-dose RNA therapy without changing the genomic DNA. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of piRNAs in mammalian adult testes that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. Although piRNA biogenesis is believed to be evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, recent studies argue for the existence of diverse, mammalian-specific RNA-processing pathways that convert precursor RNAs into piRNAs, perhaps associated with the unique features of mammalian piRNAs or germ cell development. We end with the discussion of major questions in the field, including substrate recognition and the birth of new piRNAs.
AbstractList PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24–35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most abundant small RNAs in adult testes and the only small RNAs that direct epigenetic modification of chromatin in the nucleus. The production of piRNAs is a complex process from transcription to post-transcription, requiring unique machinery often distinct from the biogenesis of other RNAs. In mice, piRNA biogenesis occurs in specialized subcellular locations, involves dynamic developmental regulation, and displays sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, the genomic loci and sequences of piRNAs evolve much more rapidly than most of the genomic regions. Understanding piRNA biogenesis should reveal novel RNA regulations recognizing and processing piRNA precursors and the forces driving the gain and loss of piRNAs during animal evolution. Such findings may provide the basis for the development of engineered piRNAs capable of modulating epigenetic regulation, thereby offering possible single-dose RNA therapy without changing the genomic DNA. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of piRNAs in mammalian adult testes that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. Although piRNA biogenesis is believed to be evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, recent studies argue for the existence of diverse, mammalian-specific RNA-processing pathways that convert precursor RNAs into piRNAs, perhaps associated with the unique features of mammalian piRNAs or germ cell development. We end with the discussion of major questions in the field, including substrate recognition and the birth of new piRNAs.
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24-35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most abundant small RNAs in adult testes and the only small RNAs that direct epigenetic modification of chromatin in the nucleus. The production of piRNAs is a complex process from transcription to post-transcription, requiring unique machinery often distinct from the biogenesis of other RNAs. In mice, piRNA biogenesis occurs in specialized subcellular locations, involves dynamic developmental regulation, and displays sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, the genomic loci and sequences of piRNAs evolve much more rapidly than most of the genomic regions. Understanding piRNA biogenesis should reveal novel RNA regulations recognizing and processing piRNA precursors and the forces driving the gain and loss of piRNAs during animal evolution. Such findings may provide the basis for the development of engineered piRNAs capable of modulating epigenetic regulation, thereby offering possible single-dose RNA therapy without changing the genomic DNA. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of piRNAs in mammalian adult testes that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. Although piRNA biogenesis is believed to be evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, recent studies argue for the existence of diverse, mammalian-specific RNA-processing pathways that convert precursor RNAs into piRNAs, perhaps associated with the unique features of mammalian piRNAs or germ cell development. We end with the discussion of major questions in the field, including substrate recognition and the birth of new piRNAs.PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24-35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most abundant small RNAs in adult testes and the only small RNAs that direct epigenetic modification of chromatin in the nucleus. The production of piRNAs is a complex process from transcription to post-transcription, requiring unique machinery often distinct from the biogenesis of other RNAs. In mice, piRNA biogenesis occurs in specialized subcellular locations, involves dynamic developmental regulation, and displays sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, the genomic loci and sequences of piRNAs evolve much more rapidly than most of the genomic regions. Understanding piRNA biogenesis should reveal novel RNA regulations recognizing and processing piRNA precursors and the forces driving the gain and loss of piRNAs during animal evolution. Such findings may provide the basis for the development of engineered piRNAs capable of modulating epigenetic regulation, thereby offering possible single-dose RNA therapy without changing the genomic DNA. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of piRNAs in mammalian adult testes that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. Although piRNA biogenesis is believed to be evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, recent studies argue for the existence of diverse, mammalian-specific RNA-processing pathways that convert precursor RNAs into piRNAs, perhaps associated with the unique features of mammalian piRNAs or germ cell development. We end with the discussion of major questions in the field, including substrate recognition and the birth of new piRNAs.
Author Li, Xin Zhiguo
Sun, Yu H.
Lee, Brent
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yu H.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0333-2898
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Yu H.
  organization: Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Biology, University of Rochester
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Brent
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Brent
  organization: Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Xin Zhiguo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6803-4600
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Xin Zhiguo
  email: Xin_Li@urmc.rochester.edu
  organization: Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Biology, University of Rochester
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34724117$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqFkUtv1DAUhS1URKeFP8ACRWLDgsD1I7HNolJV8ZIqKqGythz7zoyrxB7sZBD_nkxnKNBFWfnK_s7x0T0n5CimiIQ8p_CGAsi3BYDzpgZGa9CayVo9IgsqOKuplPKILEBzVSut4ZiclHIDQGVL5RNyzIVkglK5IFfXa6y6kMd1lZbVJnz9cl7eVev0oxrsMNg-2Hi4rWzGapOTnxz611XKYRWiHXezjb7Cbeq36J-Sx0vbF3x2OE_Jtw_vry8-1ZdXHz9fnF_WrgE51tJx4RgVSB2yzqlWOurBOeG5XgrB7TyyjnHrm4ZpSRE73VoHDtBL3wl-Ss72vpupG9A7jGO2vdnkMNj80yQbzL8vMazNKm2NplSA0rPBq4NBTt8nLKMZQnHY9zZimophWjVtA0qK_6ONZpy2jVQz-vIeepOmHOdNGNa2DZegb6kXf4e_S_27lhlge8DlVErG5R1Cwey6N_vuzdy9ue3e7FzVPZELox1D2i0g9A9L-V5a5n_iCvOf2A-ofgE3ocIi
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semcdb_2024_05_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ibmb_2025_104346
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12935_025_03780_4
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes15060653
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics17040471
crossref_primary_10_1080_15592294_2025_2542879
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tig_2025_07_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_canlet_2023_216189
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_50930_9
crossref_primary_10_1242_bio_061942
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1060719
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_devcel_2024_10_013
crossref_primary_10_1002_wsbm_1572
crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13324
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0293644
crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13101879
crossref_primary_10_1093_jas_skad189
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bosn_2025_06_003
crossref_primary_10_3748_wjg_v30_i22_2843
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1011429
crossref_primary_10_1002_cbf_3838
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2022_10_034
crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2022_921868
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41569_024_01001_5
crossref_primary_10_7717_peerj_cs_2216
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cca_2025_120220
crossref_primary_10_1111_brv_12937
crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13312
crossref_primary_10_1002_ctm2_70418
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41576_024_00744_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23052469
crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14040733
Cites_doi 10.1155/2016/7595791
10.1038/s41467-017-02622-w
10.1038/nature07415
10.1038/cr.2017.125
10.1530/REP-11-0057
10.15252/embr.201744957
10.1038/s41586-020-1966-9
10.1073/pnas.1316316110
10.1371/journal.pone.0046611
10.1083/jcb.201009043
10.1101/gad.1640708
10.3389/fcell.2021.626020
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005652
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000635
10.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.009
10.1126/science.1146484
10.1038/s41556-019-0457-4
10.1371/journal.pgen.1009485
10.1111/acel.12323
10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1415-1434.1998
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.035
10.1261/rna.465507
10.1038/s41467-021-26233-8
10.1080/15592294.2019.1600389
10.1126/science.1084737
10.1073/pnas.1213283110
10.1101/sqb.2008.73.058
10.4161/21565562.2014.979061
10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.026
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00542.x
10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.021
10.1038/nature08739
10.1101/gad.254631.114
10.1093/nar/gkr298
10.1002/embj.201384895
10.1073/pnas.1003953107
10.1038/emboj.2009.365
10.1038/nsmb1220
10.1111/evo.12011
10.1016/j.modgep.2004.04.002
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175327
10.1091/mbc.E18-10-0681
10.1038/nature06904
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07936.x
10.1038/emboj.2013.121
10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.021
10.1038/nrm2081
10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60070-4
10.1101/gad.1434406
10.1242/dev.00310
10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160916
10.1038/nature10126
10.1038/s41559-017-0403-4
10.1126/science.1130164
10.1038/nature06908
10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.019
10.1093/nar/gky1281
10.1101/gr.073056.107
10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.026
10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.002
10.1038/cr.2012.120
10.1038/s41467-017-00854-4
10.1038/nature11509
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000698
10.1126/science.aaa1039
10.1242/dev.128.14.2823
10.1073/pnas.0911640106
10.1038/emboj.2011.308
10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.007
10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.1.7
10.1101/gad.260455.115
10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.002
10.1126/science.aaa1264
10.1095/biolreprod2.1.129
10.1038/s41467-019-11312-8
10.1038/nature20162
10.1038/s41467-020-17372-5
10.1038/cr.2015.4
10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.045
10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.009
10.1073/pnas.1007158107
10.1101/gr.101386.109
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003038
10.1038/nature10547
10.1186/s13045-015-0133-5
10.1080/10409238.2019.1603199
10.1038/s41598-017-08043-5
10.1261/rna.029769.111
10.1016/j.devcel.2007.03.001
10.1038/nrm3454
10.1126/science.1142612
10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.030
10.1101/gad.265215.115
10.1038/s41556-020-0464-5
10.1371/journal.pgen.0030130
10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.046
10.1093/molbev/msw053
10.1038/nature10672
10.1038/cr.2014.41
10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.018
10.1038/nature04916
10.1242/dev.124.12.2463
10.1242/dev.059287
10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.014
10.1093/nar/gkab059
10.1038/srep10423
10.1073/pnas.1609287113
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005620
10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.018
10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.046
10.1073/pnas.0900523106
10.1038/nsmb1218
10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.012
10.1242/dev.069187
10.1002/ar.1091780406
10.1038/nsmb.2347
10.1038/ncomms8316
10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.043
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.007
10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030222
10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.001
10.15252/embj.2019102870
10.1242/dev.00973
10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.003
10.1073/pnas.0406325101
10.1038/nsmb.2301
10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.009
10.5713/ajas.15.0436
10.1038/nature23482
10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.042
10.1261/rna.034967.112
10.7150/thno.46241
10.1093/molbev/msq284
10.1101/gad.1902110
10.1126/science.1140494
10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155522
10.1371/journal.pgen.1009265
10.1038/s41467-020-20345-3
10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00165-X
10.1261/rna.2565011
10.1038/s41588-020-0657-7
10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00299-8
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.030
10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.015
10.1261/rna.744307
10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.064
10.1093/gbe/evu105
10.7554/eLife.47999
10.1182/blood.V97.2.426
10.1101/gad.1563607
10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00909-1
10.1093/biolre/ioy110
10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.021
10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.003
10.1101/gad.1968110
10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.016
10.1038/ncomms11106
10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.047
10.1186/s13041-015-0131-0
10.1126/science.1129333
10.1371/journal.pone.0097821
10.1261/rna.038521.113
10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.007
10.1016/j.gde.2004.01.004
10.1038/s41467-020-14687-1
10.1038/nrg3160
10.1261/rna.034405.112
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.030
10.1261/rna.040428.113
10.1073/pnas.1910733116
10.15252/embj.201386855
10.1093/nar/gku620
10.1073/pnas.1015447108
10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.008
10.1038/nrm3457
10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.034
10.1242/dev.02003
10.1038/s41559-019-1065-1
10.15252/embr.201642054
10.1186/1759-8753-5-22
10.1261/rna.043729.113
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.087
10.1073/pnas.0601878103
10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.061
10.1038/nature11502
10.1016/j.devcel.2011.01.012
10.1261/rna.039669.113
10.1371/journal.pgen.1000764
10.1038/s41588-020-0656-8
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002729
10.1016/0012-1606(83)90368-8
10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.010
10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.012
10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.040
10.1261/rna.029777.111
10.1101/gr.251546.119
10.1242/dev.127647
10.1038/nature04917
10.1101/2021.03.21.434510
10.1038/s41556-021-00746-2
10.1101/2021.04.30.442165
10.1242/dev.005629
10.1101/2021.01.27.428354
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2021
2021. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2021
– notice: 2021. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7TK
7X7
7XB
88A
88E
8AO
8FD
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
DOI 10.1007/s00335-021-09927-8
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Neurosciences Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Biology Database (Alumni Edition)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Journals
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Database
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Biological Science Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList AGRICOLA
MEDLINE


ProQuest Central Student
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Zoology
EISSN 1432-1777
EndPage 311
ExternalDocumentID PMC9114089
34724117
10_1007_s00335_021_09927_8
Genre Journal Article
Review
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Institute of General Medical Sciences
  grantid: K99/R00HD078482
– fundername: National Institutes of Health
  grantid: R35 GM128782
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
– fundername: NIGMS NIH HHS
  grantid: R35 GM128782
– fundername: NICHD NIH HHS
  grantid: R00 HD078482
– fundername: NIH HHS
  grantid: R35 GM128782
– fundername: NIGMS NIH HHS
  grantid: K99/R00HD078482
– fundername: ;
  grantid: K99/R00HD078482
– fundername: ;
  grantid: R35 GM128782
GroupedDBID ---
-4W
-56
-5G
-BR
-EM
-Y2
-~C
-~X
.86
.GJ
.VR
06C
06D
0R~
0VY
199
1N0
1SB
2.D
203
28-
29M
29~
2J2
2JN
2JY
2KG
2KM
2LR
2P1
2VQ
2~H
30V
36B
3SX
3V.
4.4
406
408
409
40D
40E
53G
5GY
5QI
5VS
67N
67Z
6NX
78A
7X7
88A
88E
8AO
8FE
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8TC
8UJ
95-
95.
95~
96X
AAAVM
AABHQ
AACDK
AAHBH
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AANXM
AANZL
AARHV
AARTL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWCG
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYTO
AAYZH
ABAKF
ABBBX
ABBXA
ABDBF
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFTV
ABHLI
ABHQN
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKCH
ABKTR
ABMNI
ABMQK
ABNWP
ABPLI
ABQBU
ABQSL
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABULA
ABUWG
ABWNU
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACBXY
ACDTI
ACGFS
ACHSB
ACHXU
ACKNC
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACOMO
ACPIV
ACPRK
ACUHS
ACZOJ
ADBBV
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADIMF
ADINQ
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADRFC
ADTPH
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADYPR
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEFIE
AEFQL
AEGAL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEKMD
AEMSY
AENEX
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETLH
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFBBN
AFEXP
AFFNX
AFGCZ
AFKRA
AFLOW
AFQWF
AFWTZ
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGGDS
AGJBK
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWIL
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHBYD
AHKAY
AHMBA
AHSBF
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AILAN
AITGF
AJBLW
AJRNO
AJZVZ
AKMHD
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALWAN
AMKLP
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
AOCGG
ARMRJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXYYD
AZFZN
B-.
B0M
BA0
BBNVY
BBWZM
BDATZ
BENPR
BGNMA
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BSONS
BVXVI
C6C
CAG
CCPQU
COF
CS3
CSCUP
DDRTE
DL5
DNIVK
DPUIP
DU5
EAD
EAP
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EIOEI
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
EN4
EPAXT
EPL
ESBYG
ESX
F5P
FEDTE
FERAY
FFXSO
FIGPU
FINBP
FNLPD
FRRFC
FSGXE
FWDCC
FYUFA
G-Y
G-Z
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GNWQR
GQ6
GQ7
GQ8
GXS
H13
HCIFZ
HF~
HG5
HG6
HMCUK
HMJXF
HQYDN
HRMNR
HVGLF
HZ~
I09
IHE
IJ-
IKXTQ
ITM
IWAJR
IXC
IZIGR
IZQ
I~X
I~Z
J-C
J0Z
JBSCW
JCJTX
JZLTJ
KDC
KOV
KOW
KPH
LAS
LK8
LLZTM
M0L
M1P
M4Y
M7P
MA-
N2Q
NB0
NDZJH
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O9-
O93
O9G
O9I
O9J
OAM
OVD
P19
P2P
PF0
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PT4
PT5
Q2X
QOK
QOR
QOS
R4E
R89
R9I
RHV
RIG
RNI
ROL
RPX
RRX
RSV
RZK
S16
S1Z
S26
S27
S28
S3A
S3B
SAP
SBL
SBY
SCLPG
SDH
SDM
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
SSXJD
STPWE
SV3
SZN
T13
T16
TEORI
TN5
TSG
TSK
TSV
TUC
TUS
U2A
U9L
UG4
UKHRP
UOJIU
UTJUX
UZXMN
VC2
VFIZW
W23
W48
WJK
WK6
WK8
YLTOR
Z45
Z7U
Z82
Z87
Z8O
Z8V
Z91
ZGI
ZMTXR
ZOVNA
ZXP
~8M
~A9
~EX
~KM
AAPKM
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABFSG
ABRTQ
ACSTC
ADHKG
AEZWR
AFDZB
AFFHD
AFHIU
AFOHR
AGQPQ
AHPBZ
AHWEU
AIXLP
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
PUEGO
7TK
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
K9.
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-7c34c214e1ce2bc867c1d0cc4d39f443acc42b23ad552971eeb96ac0c0ed7db43
IEDL.DBID M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount 36
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000713533800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0938-8990
1432-1777
IngestDate Tue Nov 04 01:33:27 EST 2025
Thu Oct 02 10:30:30 EDT 2025
Thu Oct 02 07:59:19 EDT 2025
Wed Nov 05 02:23:02 EST 2025
Tue Sep 30 00:37:05 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 01:39:59 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:43:36 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:45:35 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
License 2021. The Author(s).
Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c507t-7c34c214e1ce2bc867c1d0cc4d39f443acc42b23ad552971eeb96ac0c0ed7db43
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-0333-2898
0000-0001-6803-4600
OpenAccessLink https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00335-021-09927-8
PMID 34724117
PQID 2665370978
PQPubID 54093
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9114089
proquest_miscellaneous_2985650874
proquest_miscellaneous_2592316578
proquest_journals_2665370978
pubmed_primary_34724117
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00335_021_09927_8
crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s00335_021_09927_8
springer_journals_10_1007_s00335_021_09927_8
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
– name: United States
PublicationSubtitle Precision and Functional Genomics
PublicationTitle Mammalian genome
PublicationTitleAbbrev Mamm Genome
PublicationTitleAlternate Mamm Genome
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Springer US
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer US
– name: Springer Nature B.V
References Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Watanabe, Gotoh, Totoki, Toyoda, Ikawa, Asada, Kojima, Yamaguchi, Ijiri, Hata, Li, Matsuda, Kimura, Okabe, Sakaki, Sasaki, Nakano (CR95) 2008; 22
Geisinger, Rodríguez-Casuriaga, Benavente (CR50) 2021; 9
Schoenberg, Maquat (CR151) 2012; 13
Haase, Fenoglio, Muerdter, Guzzardo, Czech, Pappin, Chen, Gordon, Hannon (CR62) 2010; 24
Zhang, Pointer, Kelleher (CR204) 2020; 30
Obbard, Welch, Kim, Jiggins (CR130) 2009; 5
Specchia, Piacentini, Tritto, Fanti, D’Alessandro, Palumbo, Pimpinelli, Bozzetti (CR163) 2010; 463
Vourekas, Zheng, Fu, Maragkakis, Alexiou, Ma, Pillai, Mourelatos, Wang (CR178) 2015; 29
Frost, Hamra, Richardson, Qi, Bassel-Duby, Olson (CR45) 2010; 107
Girard, Sachidanandam, Hannon, Carmell (CR51) 2006; 442
Ohara, Sakaguchi, Suzuki, Ueda, Miyauchi, Suzuki (CR131) 2007; 14
Kawaoka, Mitsutake, Kiuchi, Kobayashi, Yoshikawa, Suzuki, Sugano, Shimada, Kobayashi, Tomari, Katsuma (CR81) 2012; 18
Shum, Jones, Shao, Dumdie, Krause, Chan, Lou, Espinoza, Song, Phan, Ramaiah, Huang, McCarrey, Peterson, De Rooij, Cook-Andersen, Wilkinson (CR158) 2016; 165
Perera, Tsai, Colwell, Jones, Goodrich, Wang, Sartor, Faulk, Dolinoy (CR141) 2019; 14
Levine, McCoy, Vermaak, Lee, Hiatt, Matsen, Malik (CR98) 2012; 8
Turner, Mahadevaiah, Ellis, Mitchell, Burgoyne (CR173) 2006; 10
Freedman, Gerstein, Mick, Rozowsky, Levy, Kitchen, Das, Shah, Danielson, Beaulieu, Navarro, Wang, Galeev, Holman, Kwong, Murthy, Tanriverdi, Koupenova-Zamor, Mikhalev, Tanriverdi (CR44) 2016; 7
Martinez, Vucic, Thu, Hubaux, Enfield, Pikor, Becker-Santos, Brown, Lam, Lam (CR111) 2015; 5
Wynant, Santos, Vanden Broeck (CR186) 2017; 7
Matsumoto, Nishimasu, Sakakibara, Nishida, Hirano, Ishitani, Siomi, Siomi, Nureki (CR112) 2016; 167
Carmo-Fonseca, Tollervey, Pepperkok, Barabino, Merdes, Brunner, Zamore, Green, Hurt, Lamond (CR16) 1991; 10
Koonin, Yutin (CR90) 2020; 28
Wenda, Homolka, Yang, Spinelli, Sachidanandam, Pandey, Pillai (CR184) 2017; 41
Mei, Wang, Kumari, Shetty, Clark, Gable, MacKerell, Ma, Weber, Yang, Edelman, Mao (CR114) 2015; 6
Seto, Kingston, Lau (CR153) 2007; 26
Gao, Frohman (CR49) 2012; 45
Zhang, Kang, Gou, Wang, Xue, Skogerboe, Dai, Huang, Chen, Fu, Liu, He (CR203) 2015; 25
Saito, Sakaguchi, Suzuki, Suzuki, Siomi, Siomi (CR148) 2007; 21
Fabry, Ciabrelli, Munafò, Eastwood, Kneuss, Falciatori, Falconio, Hannon, Czech (CR37) 2019; 8
Chuma, Hosokawa, Kitamura, Kasai, Fujioka, Hiyoshi, Takamune, Noce, Nakatsuji (CR22) 2006; 103
Haase (CR61) 2016; 2016
CR135
Pan, Goodheart, Chuma, Nakatsuji, Page, Wang (CR136) 2005; 132
Fawcett, Eddy, Phillips (CR39) 1970; 2
Takyar, Hickerson, Noller (CR168) 2005; 120
Findley, Tamanaha, Clegg, Ruohola-Baker (CR41) 2003; 130
Zheng, Wang (CR208) 2012; 8
Eddy (CR35) 1974; 178
Schöpp, Zoch, Berrens, Auchynnikava, Kabayama, Vasiliauskaitė, Rappsilber, Allshire, O’Carroll (CR152) 2020; 11
Ding, Liu, Dong, Midic, Hess, Xie, Demireva, Chen (CR33) 2017; 8
Grimson, Srivastava, Fahey, Woodcroft, Chiang, King, Degnan, Rokhsar, Bartel (CR57) 2008; 455
Gan, Chen, Liu, Min, Liu (CR48) 2019; 54
Zamparini, Davis, Malone, Vieira, Zavadil, Sachidanandam, Hannon, Lehmann (CR201) 2011; 138
Czech, Hannon (CR25) 2016; 164
Hayashi, Schnabl, Handler, Mohn, Ameres, Brennecke (CR68) 2016; 539
Simkin, Wong, Poh, Theurkauf, Jensen (CR160) 2013; 67
Aravin (CR3) 2020; 52
Izumi, Shoji, Suzuki, Katsuma, Tomari (CR76) 2020; 578
Wang, Ma, Niu, Xiao, Wu, Pan, Zhao, Wang, Zhang, Liu (CR180) 2016; 143
Yu, Koppetsch, Pagliarani, Johnston, Silverstein, Luban, Chappell, Weng, Theurkauf (CR200) 2019; 179
Matsumoto, Sato, Nishimasu, Namba, Miyakubi, Dohmae, Ishitani, Siomi, Siomi, Nureki (CR113) 2015; 11
Lee, Banerjee, Zhou, Jammalamadaka, Arcila, Manjunath, Kosik (CR97) 2011; 17
Assis, Kondrashov (CR10) 2009; 106
Yamaguchi, Oe, Nishida, Yamashita, Kajiya, Hirano, Matsumoto, Dohmae, Ishitani, Saito, Siomi, Nishimasu, Siomi, Nureki (CR190) 2020; 11
Meikar, Vagin, Chalmel, Sostar, Lardenois, Hammell, Jin, Da Ros, Wasik, Toppari, Hannon, Kotaja (CR116) 2014; 20
Kim, Ki, Hong, Park, Ko, Choi (CR86) 2016; 29
Kotaja, Sassone-Corsi (CR91) 2007; 8
Darricarrère, Liu, Watanabe, Lin (CR27) 2013; 110
Handler, Olivieri, Novatchkova, Gruber, Meixner, Mechtler, Stark, Sachidanandam, Brennecke (CR65) 2011; 30
Yu, Fan, Özata, Zhang, Fu, Theurkauf, Zamore, Weng (CR199) 2021; 12
Khalil, Boyar, Driscoll (CR85) 2004; 101
Yang, Chen, Pandey, Homolka, Reuter, Janeiro, Sachidanandam, Fauvarque, McCarthy, Pillai (CR194) 2016; 61
Ipsaro, Haase, Knott, Joshua-Tor, Hannon (CR73) 2012; 491
Preall, Czech, Guzzardo, Muerdter, Hannon (CR142) 2012; 18
Ding, Liu, Dong, Melnick, Latham, Chen (CR32) 2019; 47
Lewis, Quarles, Yang, Tanguy, Frézal, Smith, Sharma, Cordaux, Gilbert, Giraud, Collins, Zamore, Miska, Sarkies, Jiggins (CR100) 2018; 2
Aravin, van Derheijden, Castañeda, Vagin, Hannon, Bortvin (CR8) 2009; 5
Andersen, Tirian, Vunjak, Brennecke (CR1) 2017; 549
Graille, Séraphin (CR56) 2012; 13
Gou, Dai, Yang, Xue, Hu, Zhou, Kang, Wang, Li, Hua, Zhao, Hu, Wu, Shi, Li, Fu, Qu, Wang, Liu (CR54) 2014; 24
Zhao, Yao, Chang, Gou, Liu, Qiu, Yuan (CR207) 2015; 8
Zheng, Xiol, Reuter, Eckardt, Leu, McLaughlin, Stark, Sachidanandam, Pillai, Wang (CR209) 2010; 107
Wu, Fu, Cecchini, Özata, Arif, Yu, Colpan, Gainetdinov, Weng, Zamore (CR185) 2020; 52
Liu, Qi, Wang, Lin (CR105) 2011; 138
Pandey, Homolka, Olotu, Sachidanandam, Kotaja, Pillai (CR137) 2018; 24
Levine, Vander Wende, Hsieh, Baker, Malik (CR99) 2016; 33
Brennecke, Aravin, Stark, Dus, Kellis, Sachidanandam, Hannon (CR14) 2007; 128
Aravin, Naumova, Tulin, Vagin, Rozovsky, Gvozdev (CR9) 2001; 11
Murano, Iwasaki, Ishizu, Mashiko, Shibuya, Kondo, Adachi, Suzuki, Saito, Natsume, Siomi, Siomi (CR122) 2019; 38
Soper, van der Heijden, Hardiman, Goodheart, Martin, de Boer, Bortvin (CR162) 2008; 15
Carmell, Girard, van de Kant, Bourchis, Bestor, de Rooij, Hannon (CR15) 2007; 12
Beyret, Liu, Lin (CR12) 2012; 22
Reynolds, Collier, Bingham, Gray, Cooke (CR145) 2007; 13
Parvinen (CR139) 2005; 28
Ketting (CR84) 2011; 20
Guan, Keeney, Jain, Wang (CR59) 2021; 17
Hosokawa, Shoji, Kitamura, Tanaka, Noce, Chuma, Nakatsuji (CR72) 2007; 301
Castaneda, Genzor, van der Heijden, Sarkeshik, Yates, Ingolia, Bortvin (CR17) 2014; 33
Jamsai, O’Connor, Odonnell, Lo, O’Bryan (CR78) 2015; 5
Nishimura, Nagamori, Nakatani, Izumi, Tomari, Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Nakano (CR129) 2018; 19
Tanaka, Hosokawa, Vagin, Reuter, Hayashi, Mochizuki, Kitamura, Yamanaka, Kondoh, Okawa, Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Nakano, Sachidanandam, Hannon, Pillai, Nakatsuji, Chuma (CR171) 2011; 108
Pandey, Tokuzawa, Yang, Hayashi, Ichisaka, Kajita, Asano, Kunieda, Sachidanandam, Chuma, Yamanaka, Pillai (CR138) 2013; 110
Aravin, Sachidanandam, Bourchis, Schaefer, Pezic, Toth, Bestor, Hannon (CR6) 2008; 31
Fine, Ball, Fujiwara, Handel, Carter (CR42) 2019; 30
Nandi, Chandramohan, Fioriti, Melnick, Hébert, Mason, Rajasethupathy, Kandel (CR124) 2016; 113
Gainetdinov, Colpan, Arif, Cecchini, Zamore (CR46) 2018; 71
Özata, Yu, Mou, Gainetdinov, Colpan, Cecchini, Kaymaz, Wu, Fan, Kucukural, Weng, Zamore (CR134) 2020; 4
Ma, Buchold, Greenbaum, Roy, Burns, Zhu, Han, Harris, Coarfa, Gunaratne, Yan, Matzuk (CR107) 2009; 5
Nicholls, Schorle, Naqvi, Hu, Fan, Carmell, Dobrinski, Watson, Carlson, Fahrenkrug, Page (CR125) 2019; 116
Goh, Falciatori, Tam, Burgess, Meikar, Kotaja, Hammell, Hannon (CR52) 2015; 29
Han, Wang, Li, Weng, Zamore (CR64) 2015; 348
Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Watanabe, Gotoh, Takamatsu, Chuma, Kojima-Kita, Shiromoto, Asada, Toyoda, Fujiyama, Totoki, Shibata, Kimura, Nakatsuji, Noce, Sasaki, Nakano (CR94) 2010; 24
Muerdter, Olovnikov, Molaro, Rozhkov, Czech, Gordon, Hannon, Aravin (CR121) 2012; 18
Olivieri, Senti, Subramanian, Sachidanandam, Brennecke (CR132) 2012; 47
Chirn, Rahman, Sytnikova, Matts, Zeng, Gerlach, Yu, Berger, Naramura, Kile, Lau (CR20) 2015; 11
Sharma, Nelson, Brandt, Wessman, Mahmud, Weller, Hoffman (CR154) 2001; 97
Ishino, Hasuwa, Yoshimura, Iwasaki, Nishihara, Seki, Hirano, Tsuchiya, Ishizaki, Masuda, Kuramoto, Saito, Sakakibara, Toyoda, Itoh, Siomi, Morishita, Siomi (CR74) 2021; 49
Ishizu, Iwasaki, Hirakata, Ozaki, Iwasaki, Siomi, Siomi (CR75) 2015; 12
Vagin, Yu, Jankowska, Luo, Wasik, Malone, Harrison, Rosebrock, Wakimoto, Fagegaltier, Muerdter, Hannon (CR175) 2013; 19
Vagin, Sigova, Li, Seitz, Gvozdev, Zamore (CR174) 2006; 313
Sun, Xie, Zhuo, Chen, Ghoneim, Zhang, Jagne, Yang, Li (CR164) 2017; 6
Keam, Young, McCorkindale, Dang, Clancy, Humphreys, Preiss, Hutvagner, Martin, Cropley, Suter (CR82) 2014; 42
Kervestin, Jacobson (CR83) 2012; 13
Meikar, Da Ros, Korhonen, Kotaja (CR115) 2011; 142
Vasileva, Tiedau, Firooznia, Muller-Reichert, Jessberger (CR176) 2009; 19
CR106
Xiol, Cora, Koglgruber, Chuma, Subramanian, Hosokawa, Reuter, Yang, Berninger, Palencia, Benes, Penninger, Sachidanandam, Pillai (CR187) 2012; 47
Voigt, Reuter, Kasaruho, Schulz, Pillai, Barabas (CR177) 2012; 18
Jahn, Klobutcher (CR77) 2002; 56
CR38
Czech, Preall, McGinn, Hannon (CR26) 2013; 50
Horwich, Li, Matranga, Vagin, Farley, Wang, Zamore (CR71) 2007; 17
Yao, Fuller, Xi (CR195) 2003; 300
Chen, Jin, James, Adams-Cioaba, Park, Guo, Tenaglia, Xu, Gish, Min, Pawson (CR18) 2009; 106
Betel, Sheridan, Marks, Sander (CR11) 2007; 3
Smith, Bowles, Wilson, Teasdale, Koopman (CR161) 2004; 4
Yan, Hu, Jiang, Maierhofer, Neb, He, Hu, Hu, Li, Chen, Khaitovich (CR192) 2011; 39
Ding, Liu, Midic, Wu, Dong, Melnick, Latham, Chen (CR34) 2018; 9
Moyano, Stefani (CR120) 2015; 8
Reuter, Berninger, Chuma, Shah, Hosokawa, Funaya, Antony, Sachidanandam, Pillai (CR144) 2011; 480
Vourekas, Zheng, Alexiou, Maragkakis, Kirino, Gregory, Mourelatos (CR179) 2012; 19
Kirino, Mourelatos (CR87) 2007; 14
Kolaczkowski, Hupalo, Kern (CR89) 2011; 28
Deng, Lin (CR30) 2002; 2
CR47
Yamanaka, Siomi, Siomi (CR191) 2014; 5
Daugherty, Malik (CR28) 2012; 46
Zhang, Koppetsch, Wang, Tipping, Weng, Theurkauf, Zamore (CR206) 2014; 33
Mohn, Handler, Brennecke (CR119) 2015; 348
CR202
Onohara, Yokota (CR133) 2012; 40
Robine, Lau, Balla, Jin, Okamura, Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Blower, Lai (CR146) 2009; 19
Tam, Aravin, Stein, Girard, Murchison, Cheloufi, Hodges, Anger, Sachidanandam, Schultz, Hannon (CR169) 2008;
Y Mei (9927_CR114) 2015; 6
M Yi (9927_CR196) 2014; 6
YH Sun (9927_CR166) 2018; 99
AK Sharma (9927_CR154) 2001; 97
VS Patil (9927_CR140) 2014; 12
SH Lewis (9927_CR100) 2018; 2
B Czech (9927_CR26) 2013; 50
J Xiol (9927_CR187) 2012; 47
CJ Shoemaker (9927_CR156) 2012; 19
SP Keam (9927_CR82) 2014; 42
A Simkin (9927_CR160) 2013; 67
K Zheng (9927_CR209) 2010; 107
DM Özata (9927_CR134) 2020; 4
Q Gao (9927_CR49) 2012; 45
AA Aravin (9927_CR9) 2001; 11
JP Blumenstiel (9927_CR13) 2016; 89
DJ Obbard (9927_CR130) 2009; 5
RR Pandey (9927_CR137) 2018; 24
H Wang (9927_CR180) 2016; 143
AD Haase (9927_CR61) 2016; 2016
D Betel (9927_CR11) 2007; 3
N Matsumoto (9927_CR112) 2016; 167
A Girard (9927_CR51) 2006; 442
BW Han (9927_CR64) 2015; 348
X Qu (9927_CR143) 2011; 475
L Ma (9927_CR107) 2009; 5
JP Saxe (9927_CR150) 2013; 32
AA Aravin (9927_CR8) 2009; 5
VL Feltzin (9927_CR40) 2015; 14
D Olivieri (9927_CR132) 2012; 47
T Yoshimura (9927_CR197) 2009; 335
T Yoshimura (9927_CR198) 2018; 19
Y Guan (9927_CR59) 2021; 17
B Czech (9927_CR25) 2016; 164
O Meikar (9927_CR116) 2014; 20
RR Pandey (9927_CR138) 2013; 110
S Kawaoka (9927_CR81) 2012; 18
EC Cheng (9927_CR19) 2014; 9
PP Zhao (9927_CR207) 2015; 8
J Wang (9927_CR181) 2009; 19
P Zhang (9927_CR203) 2015; 25
S Kuramochi-Miyagawa (9927_CR95) 2008; 22
K Zheng (9927_CR208) 2012; 8
S De Fazio (9927_CR29) 2011; 480
MT Levine (9927_CR99) 2016; 33
T Nishimura (9927_CR129) 2018; 19
RF Ketting (9927_CR84) 2011; 20
BPU Perera (9927_CR141) 2019; 14
JM Turner (9927_CR173) 2006; 10
XZ Li (9927_CR102) 2013; 50
A Vourekas (9927_CR178) 2015; 29
AC Santos (9927_CR149) 2004; 14
CD Malone (9927_CR109) 2009; 136
CL Jahn (9927_CR77) 2002; 56
KM Nishida (9927_CR127) 2007; 13
Y Onohara (9927_CR133) 2012; 40
H Nishimasu (9927_CR128) 2012; 491
9927_CR67
S Zhang (9927_CR204) 2020; 30
Z Yang (9927_CR194) 2016; 61
B Czech (9927_CR24) 2016; 41
N Reynolds (9927_CR145) 2007; 13
AD Fine (9927_CR42) 2019; 30
RJ Frost (9927_CR45) 2010; 107
DW Fawcett (9927_CR39) 1970; 2
T Thomson (9927_CR172) 2009; 25
S Yamaguchi (9927_CR190) 2020; 11
JE Freedman (9927_CR44) 2016; 7
S Nandi (9927_CR124) 2016; 113
M Reuter (9927_CR144) 2011; 480
T Yu (9927_CR200) 2019; 179
D Ding (9927_CR32) 2019; 47
M Graille (9927_CR56) 2012; 13
VD Martinez (9927_CR111) 2015; 5
D Ding (9927_CR34) 2018; 9
JM Wenda (9927_CR184) 2017; 41
G Sienski (9927_CR159) 2012; 151
EM Eddy (9927_CR36) 1975; 43
AA Aravin (9927_CR7) 2007; 316
Q Yang (9927_CR193) 2019; 10
AL Zamparini (9927_CR201) 2011; 138
PR Andersen (9927_CR1) 2017; 549
M Carmo-Fonseca (9927_CR16) 1991; 10
T Schöpp (9927_CR152) 2020; 11
AA Aravin (9927_CR4) 2008; 73
KM Nishida (9927_CR126) 2009; 28
J Brennecke (9927_CR14) 2007; 128
R Hayashi (9927_CR68) 2016; 539
S Honda (9927_CR70) 2013; 19
SL Lim (9927_CR103) 2015; 11
T Watanabe (9927_CR183) 2008; 453
H Lin (9927_CR104) 1997; 124
F Muerdter (9927_CR121) 2012; 18
9927_CR135
EP Murchison (9927_CR123) 2008; 18
T Tanaka (9927_CR171) 2011; 108
E Beyret (9927_CR12) 2012; 22
A Geisinger (9927_CR50) 2021; 9
S Kervestin (9927_CR83) 2012; 13
D Rosenkranz (9927_CR147) 2015; 5
AA Aravin (9927_CR3) 2020; 52
F Mohn (9927_CR119) 2015; 348
B Gan (9927_CR48) 2019; 54
I Gainetdinov (9927_CR46) 2018; 71
N Robine (9927_CR146) 2009; 19
R Assis (9927_CR10) 2009; 106
NC Lau (9927_CR96) 2006; 313
MC Yao (9927_CR195) 2003; 300
T Yu (9927_CR199) 2021; 12
K Mochizuki (9927_CR118) 2004; 14
K Mochizuki (9927_CR117) 2002; 110
Z Zhang (9927_CR206) 2014; 33
D Ding (9927_CR33) 2017; 8
MH Fabry (9927_CR37) 2019; 8
M Kumar (9927_CR92) 1998; 62
Y Kirino (9927_CR87) 2007; 14
VV Vagin (9927_CR174) 2006; 313
AA Aravin (9927_CR6) 2008; 31
S Yamanaka (9927_CR191) 2014; 5
D Handler (9927_CR65) 2011; 30
H Kaessmann (9927_CR80) 2010; 20
JJ Ipsaro (9927_CR73) 2012; 491
A Vourekas (9927_CR179) 2012; 19
A Grimson (9927_CR57) 2008; 455
YH Sun (9927_CR164) 2017; 6
C Klattenhoff (9927_CR88) 2009; 138
9927_CR38
J Pan (9927_CR136) 2005; 132
AM Khalil (9927_CR85) 2004; 101
M Hosokawa (9927_CR72) 2007; 301
GW Chirn (9927_CR20) 2015; 11
9927_CR106
L Liu (9927_CR105) 2011; 138
N Izumi (9927_CR76) 2020; 578
N Kotaja (9927_CR91) 2007; 8
J Xiol (9927_CR188) 2014; 157
JM Smith (9927_CR161) 2004; 4
Z Yan (9927_CR192) 2011; 39
S Chuma (9927_CR22) 2006; 103
9927_CR47
AA Aravin (9927_CR5) 2007; 318
PH Wu (9927_CR185) 2020; 52
M Kim (9927_CR86) 2016; 29
N Matsumoto (9927_CR113) 2015; 11
AG Seto (9927_CR153) 2007; 26
LS Gunawardane (9927_CR60) 2007; 315
M Moyano (9927_CR120) 2015; 8
MA Carmell (9927_CR15) 2007; 12
EV Koonin (9927_CR90) 2020; 28
J Castaneda (9927_CR17) 2014; 33
ST Grivna (9927_CR58) 2006; 20
L Zhou (9927_CR210) 2017; 40
AN Harris (9927_CR66) 2001; 128
M Parvinen (9927_CR139) 2005; 28
Y Kabayama (9927_CR79) 2017; 45
MT Levine (9927_CR98) 2012; 8
LT Gou (9927_CR54) 2014; 24
YH Sun (9927_CR165) 2020; 22
DR Schoenberg (9927_CR151) 2012; 13
N Wynant (9927_CR186) 2017; 7
9927_CR202
A Vasileva (9927_CR176) 2009; 19
C Chen (9927_CR18) 2009; 106
EM Eddy (9927_CR35) 1974; 178
F Voigt (9927_CR177) 2012; 18
S Takyar (9927_CR168) 2005; 120
M Tan (9927_CR170) 2020; 9
T Ohara (9927_CR131) 2007; 14
K Murano (9927_CR122) 2019; 38
W Deng (9927_CR30) 2002; 2
B Gold (9927_CR53) 1983; 98
EY Shum (9927_CR158) 2016; 165
Y Shiromoto (9927_CR155) 2013; 19
SD Findley (9927_CR41) 2003; 130
K Saito (9927_CR148) 2007; 21
D Homolka (9927_CR69) 2015; 12
Y Yabuta (9927_CR189) 2011; 192
WS Goh (9927_CR52) 2015; 29
S Kuramochi-Miyagawa (9927_CR94) 2010; 24
AD Haase (9927_CR62) 2010; 24
M Shoji (9927_CR157) 2009; 17
DW Gould (9927_CR55) 2012; 7
M Di Giacomo (9927_CR31) 2013; 50
EJ Lee (9927_CR97) 2011; 17
O Meikar (9927_CR115) 2011; 142
MD Horwich (9927_CR71) 2007; 17
XC Li (9927_CR101) 2007; 3
MD Daugherty (9927_CR28) 2012; 46
H Choi (9927_CR21) 2021; 17
K Ishino (9927_CR74) 2021; 49
N Darricarrère (9927_CR27) 2013; 110
S Chuma (9927_CR23) 2009; 306
JB Preall (9927_CR142) 2012; 18
PK Nicholls (9927_CR125) 2019; 116
V Specchia (9927_CR163) 2010; 463
YH Sun (9927_CR167) 2021; 2
OH Tam (9927_CR169) 2008; 453
Y Mao (9927_CR110) 2020; 22
Y Zhang (9927_CR205) 2017; 27
A Aravin (9927_CR2) 2006; 442
D Mai (9927_CR108) 2020; 10
H Ishizu (9927_CR75) 2015; 12
VV Vagin (9927_CR175) 2013; 19
BW Han (9927_CR63) 2011; 21
SF Soper (9927_CR162) 2008; 15
KA Wasik (9927_CR182) 2015; 29
S Kuramochi-Miyagawa (9927_CR93) 2004; 131
M Flemr (9927_CR43) 2013; 155
D Jamsai (9927_CR78) 2015; 5
B Kolaczkowski (9927_CR89) 2011; 28
References_xml – volume: 2016
  start-page: 7595791
  year: 2016
  ident: CR61
  article-title: A Small RNA-Based Immune System Defends Germ Cells against Mobile Genetic Elements
  publication-title: Stem Cells Int
  doi: 10.1155/2016/7595791
– volume: 9
  start-page: 127
  year: 2018
  ident: CR34
  article-title: TDRD5 binds piRNA precursors and selectively enhances pachytene piRNA processing in mice
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02622-w
– volume: 455
  start-page: 1193
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1197
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature07415
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1392
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1396
  ident: CR205
  article-title: An essential role for PNLDC1 in piRNA 3’ end trimming and male fertility in mice
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2017.125
– volume: 142
  start-page: 195
  year: 2011
  end-page: 209
  ident: CR115
  article-title: Chromatoid body and small RNAs in male germ cells
  publication-title: Reproduction
  doi: 10.1530/REP-11-0057
– volume: 19
  start-page: e44957
  year: 2018
  ident: CR129
  article-title: PNLDC1, mouse pre-piRNA Trimmer, is required for meiotic and post-meiotic male germ cell development
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201744957
– volume: 578
  start-page: 311
  year: 2020
  end-page: 316
  ident: CR76
  article-title: Zucchini consensus motifs determine the mechanism of pre-piRNA production
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1966-9
– volume: 110
  start-page: 16492
  year: 2013
  end-page: 16497
  ident: CR138
  article-title: Tudor domain containing 12 (TDRD12) is essential for secondary PIWI interacting RNA biogenesis in mice
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316316110
– volume: 6
  start-page: 48
  year: 2017
  ident: CR164
  article-title: Domestic chickens activate a piRNA defense against avian leukosis virus
  publication-title: Elife
– volume: 7
  start-page: e46611
  year: 2012
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Selective constraint on copy number variation in human piwi-interacting RNA Loci
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046611
– volume: 192
  start-page: 781
  year: 2011
  end-page: 795
  ident: CR189
  article-title: TDRD5 is required for retrotransposon silencing, chromatoid body assembly, and spermiogenesis in mice
  publication-title: J Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.201009043
– volume: 22
  start-page: 908
  year: 2008
  end-page: 917
  ident: CR95
  article-title: DNA methylation of retrotransposon genes is regulated by Piwi family members MILI and MIWI2 in murine fetal testes
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1640708
– volume: 9
  start-page: 626020
  year: 2021
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Transcriptomics of Meiosis in the Male Mouse
  publication-title: Front Cell Dev Biol
  doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626020
– volume: 11
  start-page: e1005652
  year: 2015
  ident: CR20
  article-title: Conserved piRNA Expression from a Distinct Set of piRNA Cluster Loci in Eutherian Mammals
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005652
– volume: 5
  start-page: e1000635
  year: 2009
  ident: CR107
  article-title: GASZ is essential for male meiosis and suppression of retrotransposon expression in the male germline
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000635
– volume: 61
  start-page: 138
  year: 2016
  end-page: 152
  ident: CR194
  article-title: PIWI Slicing and EXD1 Drive Biogenesis of Nuclear piRNAs from Cytosolic Targets of the Mouse piRNA Pathway
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.009
– volume: 318
  start-page: 761
  year: 2007
  end-page: 764
  ident: CR5
  article-title: The Piwi-piRNA pathway provides an adaptive defense in the transposon arms race
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1146484
– volume: 22
  start-page: 200
  year: 2020
  end-page: 212
  ident: CR165
  article-title: Ribosomes guide pachytene piRNA formation on long intergenic piRNA precursors
  publication-title: Nat Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0457-4
– volume: 17
  start-page: e1009485
  year: 2021
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Sperm acrosome overgrowth and infertility in mice lacking chromosome 18 pachytene piRNA
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009485
– volume: 14
  start-page: 443
  year: 2015
  end-page: 452
  ident: CR40
  article-title: The exonuclease Nibbler regulates age-associated traits and modulates piRNA length in Drosophila
  publication-title: Aging Cell
  doi: 10.1111/acel.12323
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1415
  year: 1998
  end-page: 1434
  ident: CR92
  article-title: Antisense RNA: function and fate of duplex RNA in cells of higher eukaryotes
  publication-title: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
  doi: 10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1415-1434.1998
– volume: 12
  start-page: 429
  year: 2015
  end-page: 440
  ident: CR75
  article-title: Somatic primary piRNA biogenesis driven by cis-acting RNA elements and trans-acting Yb
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.035
– volume: 13
  start-page: 974
  year: 2007
  end-page: 981
  ident: CR145
  article-title: Translation of the synaptonemal complex component Sycp3 is enhanced in vivo by the germ cell specific regulator Dazl
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.465507
– volume: 2
  start-page: 5970
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: CR167
  article-title: Coupled protein synthesis and ribosome-guided piRNA processing on mRNAs
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26233-8
– volume: 14
  start-page: 504
  year: 2019
  end-page: 521
  ident: CR141
  article-title: Somatic expression of piRNA and associated machinery in the mouse identifies short, tissue-specific piRNA
  publication-title: Epigenetics
  doi: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1600389
– volume: 300
  start-page: 1581
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1584
  ident: CR195
  article-title: Programmed DNA deletion as an RNA-guided system of genome defense
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1084737
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1297
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1302
  ident: CR27
  article-title: Function of Piwi, a nuclear Piwi/Argonaute protein, is independent of its slicer activity
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213283110
– volume: 73
  start-page: 283
  year: 2008
  end-page: 290
  ident: CR4
  article-title: Small RNA silencing pathways in germ and stem cells
  publication-title: Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
  doi: 10.1101/sqb.2008.73.058
– volume: 5
  start-page: 979061
  year: 2015
  ident: CR78
  article-title: Uncoupling of transcription and translation of Fanconi anemia (FANC) complex proteins during spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Spermatogenesis
  doi: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979061
– volume: 50
  start-page: 601
  year: 2013
  end-page: 608
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Multiple epigenetic mechanisms and the piRNA pathway enforce LINE1 silencing during adult spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.026
– volume: 28
  start-page: 189
  year: 2005
  end-page: 201
  ident: CR139
  article-title: The chromatoid body in spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Int J Androl
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00542.x
– volume: 26
  start-page: 603
  year: 2007
  end-page: 609
  ident: CR153
  article-title: The coming of age for Piwi proteins
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.021
– volume: 463
  start-page: 662
  year: 2010
  end-page: 665
  ident: CR163
  article-title: Hsp90 prevents phenotypic variation by suppressing the mutagenic activity of transposons
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature08739
– volume: 29
  start-page: 617
  year: 2015
  end-page: 629
  ident: CR178
  article-title: The RNA helicase MOV10L1 binds piRNA precursors to initiate piRNA processing
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.254631.114
– volume: 39
  start-page: 6596
  year: 2011
  end-page: 6607
  ident: CR192
  article-title: Widespread expression of piRNA-like molecules in somatic tissues
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr298
– volume: 33
  start-page: 536
  year: 2014
  end-page: 539
  ident: CR206
  article-title: Antisense piRNA amplification, but not piRNA production or nuage assembly, requires the Tudor-domain protein Qin
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1002/embj.201384895
– ident: CR38
– volume: 107
  start-page: 11841
  year: 2010
  end-page: 11846
  ident: CR209
  article-title: Mouse MOV10L1 associates with Piwi proteins and is an essential component of the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003953107
– volume: 45
  start-page: 5387
  year: 2017
  end-page: 5398
  ident: CR79
  article-title: Roles of MIWI, MILI and PLD6 in small RNA regulation in mouse growing oocytes
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3820
  year: 2009
  end-page: 3831
  ident: CR126
  article-title: Functional involvement of Tudor and dPRMT5 in the piRNA processing pathway in germlines
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.365
– volume: 14
  start-page: 349
  year: 2007
  end-page: 350
  ident: CR131
  article-title: The 3′ termini of mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2´-O-methylated
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb1220
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1081
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1090
  ident: CR160
  article-title: Recurrent and recent selective sweeps in the piRNA pathway
  publication-title: Evolution
  doi: 10.1111/evo.12011
– volume: 4
  start-page: 701
  year: 2004
  end-page: 705
  ident: CR161
  article-title: Expression of the tudor-related gene Tdrd5 during development of the male germline in mice
  publication-title: Gene Expr Patterns
  doi: 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.04.002
– ident: CR202
– volume: 25
  start-page: 355
  year: 2009
  end-page: 376
  ident: CR172
  article-title: The biogenesis and function of PIWI proteins and piRNAs: progress and prospect
  publication-title: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175327
– volume: 30
  start-page: 717
  year: 2019
  end-page: 728
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Uncoupling of transcriptomic and cytological differentiation in mouse spermatocytes with impaired meiosis
  publication-title: Mol Biol Cell
  doi: 10.1091/mbc.E18-10-0681
– volume: 453
  start-page: 534
  year: 2008
  end-page: 538
  ident: CR169
  article-title: Pseudogene-derived small interfering RNAs regulate gene expression in mouse oocytes
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06904
– volume: 10
  start-page: 195
  year: 1991
  end-page: 206
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Mammalian nuclei contain foci which are highly enriched in components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07936.x
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1869
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1885
  ident: CR150
  article-title: Tdrkh is essential for spermatogenesis and participates in primary piRNA biogenesis in the germline
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2013.121
– volume: 41
  start-page: 623
  year: 2017
  end-page: 637.e9
  ident: CR184
  article-title: Distinct roles of RNA helicases MVH and TDRD9 in PIWI slicing-triggered mammalian piRNA biogenesis and function
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.021
– volume: 8
  start-page: 85
  year: 2007
  end-page: 90
  ident: CR91
  article-title: The chromatoid body: a germ-cell-specific RNA-processing centre
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm2081
– volume: 43
  start-page: 229
  year: 1975
  end-page: 280
  ident: CR36
  article-title: Germ plasm and the differentiation of the germ cell line
  publication-title: Int Rev Cytol
  doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60070-4
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1709
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1714
  ident: CR58
  article-title: A novel class of small RNAs in mouse spermatogenic cells
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1434406
– volume: 130
  start-page: 859
  year: 2003
  end-page: 871
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Maelstrom, a spindle-class gene, encodes a protein that colocalizes with Vasa and RDE1/AGO1 homolog, Aubergine, in nuage
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.00310
– volume: 56
  start-page: 489
  year: 2002
  end-page: 520
  ident: CR77
  article-title: Genome remodeling in ciliated protozoa
  publication-title: Annu Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160916
– volume: 475
  start-page: 118
  year: 2011
  end-page: 121
  ident: CR143
  article-title: The ribosome uses two active mechanisms to unwind messenger RNA during translation
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10126
– volume: 2
  start-page: 174
  year: 2018
  end-page: 181
  ident: CR100
  article-title: Pan-arthropod analysis reveals somatic piRNAs as an ancestral defence against transposable elements
  publication-title: Nat Ecol Evol
  doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0403-4
– volume: 313
  start-page: 363
  year: 2006
  end-page: 367
  ident: CR96
  article-title: Characterization of the piRNA complex from rat testes
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1130164
– volume: 453
  start-page: 539
  year: 2008
  end-page: 543
  ident: CR183
  article-title: Endogenous siRNAs from naturally formed dsRNAs regulate transcripts in mouse oocytes
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06908
– volume: 47
  start-page: 970
  year: 2012
  end-page: 979
  ident: CR187
  article-title: A role for Fkbp6 and the chaperone machinery in piRNA amplification and transposon silencing
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.019
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2594
  year: 2019
  end-page: 2608
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Mitochondrial membrane-based initial separation of MIWI and MILI functions during pachytene piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1281
– volume: 18
  start-page: 995
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1004
  ident: CR123
  article-title: Conservation of small RNA pathways in platypus
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.073056.107
– volume: 5
  start-page: 309
  year: 2015
  end-page: 313
  ident: CR147
  article-title: Piwi proteins and piRNAs in mammalian oocytes and early embryos: From sample to sequence
  publication-title: Genom Data
  doi: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.026
– volume: 179
  start-page: 632
  year: 2019
  end-page: 643.e12
  ident: CR200
  article-title: The piRNA Response to Retroviral Invasion of the Koala Genome
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.002
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1429
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1439
  ident: CR12
  article-title: piRNA biogenesis during adult spermatogenesis in mice is independent of the ping-pong mechanism
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2012.120
– volume: 8
  start-page: 819
  year: 2017
  ident: CR33
  article-title: PNLDC1 is essential for piRNA 3’ end trimming and transposon silencing during spermatogenesis in mice
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00854-4
– volume: 491
  start-page: 284
  year: 2012
  end-page: 287
  ident: CR128
  article-title: Structure and function of Zucchini endoribonuclease in piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature11509
– volume: 5
  start-page: e1000698
  year: 2009
  ident: CR130
  article-title: Quantifying adaptive evolution in the Drosophila immune system
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000698
– volume: 348
  start-page: 812
  year: 2015
  end-page: 817
  ident: CR119
  article-title: Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided slicing specifies transcripts for Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1039
– volume: 128
  start-page: 2823
  year: 2001
  end-page: 2832
  ident: CR66
  article-title: encodes a polar granule component required for pole cell formation and related to eIF2C
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.128.14.2823
– volume: 106
  start-page: 20336
  year: 2009
  end-page: 20341
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Mouse Piwi interactome identifies binding mechanism of Tdrkh Tudor domain to arginine methylated Miwi
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911640106
– volume: 30
  start-page: 3977
  year: 2011
  end-page: 3993
  ident: CR65
  article-title: A systematic analysis of Drosophila TUDOR domain-containing proteins identifies Vreteno and the Tdrd12 family as essential primary piRNA pathway factors
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.308
– volume: 50
  start-page: 749
  year: 2013
  end-page: 761
  ident: CR26
  article-title: A transcriptome-wide RNAi screen in the Drosophila ovary reveals factors of the germline piRNA pathway
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.007
– volume: 45
  start-page: 7
  year: 2012
  end-page: 13
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Roles for the lipid-signaling enzyme MitoPLD in mitochondrial dynamics, piRNA biogenesis, and spermatogenesis
  publication-title: BMB Rep
  doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.1.7
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1032
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1044
  ident: CR52
  article-title: piRNA-directed cleavage of meiotic transcripts regulates spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.260455.115
– volume: 167
  start-page: 484
  year: 2016
  end-page: 497.e9
  ident: CR112
  article-title: Crystal structure of silkworm PIWI-clade argonaute Siwi bound to piRNA
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.002
– volume: 348
  start-page: 817
  year: 2015
  end-page: 821
  ident: CR64
  article-title: Noncoding RNA. piRNA-guided transposon cleavage initiates Zucchini-dependent, phased piRNA production
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1264
– volume: 2
  start-page: 129
  year: 1970
  end-page: 153
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Observations on the fine structure and relationships of the chromatoid body in mammalian spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Biol Reprod
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod2.1.129
– volume: 10
  start-page: 3389
  year: 2019
  ident: CR193
  article-title: Single-cell CAS-seq reveals a class of short PIWI-interacting RNAs in human oocytes
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11312-8
– volume: 12
  start-page: 61
  year: 2014
  ident: CR140
  article-title: The Tudor domain protein Tapas, a homolog of the vertebrate Tdrd7, functions in the piRNA pathway to regulate retrotransposons in germline of Drosophila melanogaster
  publication-title: BMC Biol
– volume: 539
  start-page: 588
  year: 2016
  end-page: 592
  ident: CR68
  article-title: Genetic and mechanistic diversity of piRNA 3’-end formation
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature20162
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3739
  year: 2020
  ident: CR152
  article-title: TEX15 is an essential executor of MIWI2-directed transposon DNA methylation and silencing
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17372-5
– volume: 25
  start-page: 193
  year: 2015
  end-page: 207
  ident: CR203
  article-title: MIWI and piRNA-mediated cleavage of messenger RNAs in mouse testes
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2015.4
– volume: 136
  start-page: 656
  year: 2009
  end-page: 668
  ident: CR109
  article-title: Small RNAs as guardians of the genome
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.045
– volume: 10
  start-page: 521
  year: 2006
  end-page: 529
  ident: CR173
  article-title: Pachytene asynapsis drives meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and leads to substantial postmeiotic repression in spermatids
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.009
– volume: 107
  start-page: 11847
  year: 2010
  end-page: 11852
  ident: CR45
  article-title: MOV10L1 is necessary for protection of spermatocytes against retrotransposons by Piwi-interacting RNAs
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1007158107
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1313
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1326
  ident: CR80
  article-title: Origins, evolution, and phenotypic impact of new genes
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.101386.109
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1003038
  year: 2012
  ident: CR208
  article-title: Blockade of pachytene piRNA biogenesis reveals a novel requirement for maintaining post-meiotic germline genome integrity
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003038
– volume: 480
  start-page: 259
  year: 2011
  end-page: 263
  ident: CR29
  article-title: The endonuclease activity of Mili fuels piRNA amplification that silences LINE1 elements
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10547
– volume: 8
  start-page: 38
  year: 2015
  ident: CR120
  article-title: piRNA involvement in genome stability and human cancer
  publication-title: J Hematol Oncol
  doi: 10.1186/s13045-015-0133-5
– volume: 54
  start-page: 119
  year: 2019
  end-page: 132
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Structure and function of eTudor domain containing TDRD proteins
  publication-title: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1603199
– volume: 7
  start-page: 9230
  year: 2017
  ident: CR186
  article-title: The evolution of animal Argonautes: evidence for the absence of antiviral AGO Argonautes in vertebrates
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08043-5
– volume: 18
  start-page: 42
  year: 2012
  end-page: 52
  ident: CR121
  article-title: Production of artificial piRNAs in flies and mice
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.029769.111
– volume: 12
  start-page: 503
  year: 2007
  end-page: 514
  ident: CR15
  article-title: MIWI2 is essential for spermatogenesis and repression of transposons in the mouse male germline
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.03.001
– volume: 13
  start-page: 700
  year: 2012
  end-page: 712
  ident: CR83
  article-title: NMD: a multifaceted response to premature translational termination
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm3454
– volume: 316
  start-page: 744
  year: 2007
  end-page: 747
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Developmentally regulated piRNA clusters implicate MILI in transposon control
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1142612
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1265
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1272
  ident: CR71
  article-title: The RNA methyltransferase, DmHen1, modifies germline piRNAs and single-stranded siRNAs in RISC
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.030
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1403
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1415
  ident: CR182
  article-title: RNF17 blocks promiscuous activity of PIWI proteins in mouse testes
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.265215.115
– volume: 22
  start-page: 141
  year: 2020
  end-page: 142
  ident: CR110
  article-title: Ribosome-guided piRNA production
  publication-title: Nat Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-0464-5
– volume: 3
  start-page: e130
  year: 2007
  ident: CR101
  article-title: Mouse pachytene checkpoint 2 (trip13) is required for completing meiotic recombination but not synapsis
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030130
– volume: 89
  start-page: 499
  year: 2016
  end-page: 512
  ident: CR13
  article-title: What drives positive selection in the drosophila piRNA machinery? The genomic autoimmunity hypothesis
  publication-title: Yale J Biol Med
– volume: 301
  start-page: 38
  year: 2007
  end-page: 52
  ident: CR72
  article-title: Tudor-related proteins TDRD1/MTR-1, TDRD6 and TDRD7/TRAP: domain composition, intracellular localization, and function in male germ cells in mice
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.046
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1641
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1653
  ident: CR99
  article-title: Recurrent gene duplication diversifies genome defense repertoire in drosophila
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw053
– volume: 480
  start-page: 264
  year: 2011
  end-page: 267
  ident: CR144
  article-title: Miwi catalysis is required for piRNA amplification-independent LINE1 transposon silencing
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10672
– volume: 24
  start-page: 680
  year: 2014
  end-page: 700
  ident: CR54
  article-title: Pachytene piRNAs instruct massive mRNA elimination during late spermiogenesis
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2014.41
– volume: 157
  start-page: 1698
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1711
  ident: CR188
  article-title: RNA clamping by Vasa assembles a piRNA amplifier complex on transposon transcripts
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.018
– volume: 442
  start-page: 203
  year: 2006
  end-page: 207
  ident: CR2
  article-title: A novel class of small RNAs bind to MILI protein in mouse testes
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04916
– volume: 124
  start-page: 2463
  year: 1997
  end-page: 2476
  ident: CR104
  article-title: A novel group of pumilio mutations affects the asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.124.12.2463
– volume: 138
  start-page: 1863
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1873
  ident: CR105
  article-title: PAPI, a novel TUDOR-domain protein, complexes with AGO3, ME31B and TRAL in the nuage to silence transposition
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.059287
– volume: 138
  start-page: 1137
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1149
  ident: CR88
  article-title: The Drosophila HP1 homolog Rhino is required for transposon silencing and piRNA production by dual-strand clusters
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.014
– volume: 49
  start-page: 2700
  year: 2021
  end-page: 2720
  ident: CR74
  article-title: Hamster PIWI proteins bind to piRNAs with stage-specific size variations during oocyte maturation
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab059
– ident: CR135
– volume: 5
  start-page: 10423
  year: 2015
  ident: CR111
  article-title: Unique somatic and malignant expression patterns implicate PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer-type specific biology
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/srep10423
– volume: 113
  start-page: 12697
  year: 2016
  end-page: 12702
  ident: CR124
  article-title: Roles for small noncoding RNAs in silencing of retrotransposons in the mammalian brain
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1609287113
– ident: CR106
– volume: 11
  start-page: e1005620
  year: 2015
  ident: CR103
  article-title: HENMT1 and piRNA stability are required for adult male germ cell transposon repression and to define the spermatogenic program in the mouse
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005620
– volume: 14
  start-page: R578
  year: 2004
  end-page: R589
  ident: CR149
  article-title: Germ cell specification and migration in Drosophila and beyond
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.018
– volume: 165
  start-page: 382
  year: 2016
  end-page: 395
  ident: CR158
  article-title: The antagonistic gene paralogs Upf3a and Upf3b govern nonsense-mediated RNA decay
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.046
– volume: 106
  start-page: 7079
  year: 2009
  end-page: 7082
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Rapid repetitive element-mediated expansion of piRNA clusters in mammalian evolution
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900523106
– volume: 14
  start-page: 347
  year: 2007
  end-page: 348
  ident: CR87
  article-title: Mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2´ O-methylated at their 3′ termini
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb1218
– volume: 17
  start-page: 775
  year: 2009
  end-page: 787
  ident: CR157
  article-title: The TDRD9-MIWI2 complex is essential for piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing in the mouse male germline
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.012
– volume: 138
  start-page: 4039
  year: 2011
  end-page: 4050
  ident: CR201
  article-title: Vreteno, a gonad-specific protein, is essential for germline development and primary piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.069187
– volume: 178
  start-page: 731
  year: 1974
  end-page: 757
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Fine structural observations on the form and distribution of nuage in germ cells of the rat
  publication-title: Anat Rec
  doi: 10.1002/ar.1091780406
– volume: 19
  start-page: 773
  year: 2012
  end-page: 781
  ident: CR179
  article-title: Mili and Miwi target RNA repertoire reveals piRNA biogenesis and function of Miwi in spermiogenesis
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2347
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7316
  year: 2015
  ident: CR114
  article-title: A piRNA-like small RNA interacts with and modulates p-ERM proteins in human somatic cells
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms8316
– volume: 128
  start-page: 1089
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1103
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.043
– volume: 71
  start-page: 775
  year: 2018
  end-page: 790.e5
  ident: CR46
  article-title: A Single Mechanism of Biogenesis, Initiated and Directed by PIWI Proteins, Explains piRNA Production in Most Animals
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.007
– volume: 3
  start-page: 222
  year: 2007
  ident: CR11
  article-title: Computational analysis of mouse piRNA sequence and biogenesis
  publication-title: PLoS Comput Biol
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030222
– volume: 155
  start-page: 807
  year: 2013
  end-page: 816
  ident: CR43
  article-title: A retrotransposon-driven dicer isoform directs endogenous small interfering RNA production in mouse oocytes
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.001
– volume: 38
  start-page: e102870
  year: 2019
  ident: CR122
  article-title: Nuclear RNA export factor variant initiates piRNA-guided co-transcriptional silencing
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.15252/embj.2019102870
– volume: 131
  start-page: 839
  year: 2004
  end-page: 849
  ident: CR93
  article-title: Mili, a mammalian member of piwi family gene, is essential for spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.00973
– volume: 40
  start-page: 217
  year: 2012
  end-page: 240
  ident: CR133
  article-title: Nuage components and their contents in mammalian spermatogenic cells, as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy
  publication-title: Meiosis
– volume: 31
  start-page: 785
  year: 2008
  end-page: 799
  ident: CR6
  article-title: A piRNA pathway primed by individual transposons is linked to de novo DNA methylation in mice
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.003
– volume: 101
  start-page: 16583
  year: 2004
  end-page: 16587
  ident: CR85
  article-title: Dynamic histone modifications mark sex chromosome inactivation and reactivation during mammalian spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0406325101
– volume: 19
  start-page: 594
  year: 2012
  end-page: 601
  ident: CR156
  article-title: Translation drives mRNA quality control
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2301
– volume: 306
  start-page: 17
  year: 2009
  end-page: 23
  ident: CR23
  article-title: Ultrastructural characterization of spermatogenesis and its evolutionary conservation in the germline: germinal granules in mammals
  publication-title: Mol Cell Endocrinol
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.009
– volume: 29
  start-page: 944
  year: 2016
  end-page: 951
  ident: CR86
  article-title: Tudor Domain Containing Protein TDRD12 Expresses at the Acrosome of Spermatids in Mouse Testis
  publication-title: Asian-Australas J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0436
– volume: 549
  start-page: 54
  year: 2017
  end-page: 59
  ident: CR1
  article-title: A heterochromatin-dependent transcription machinery drives piRNA expression
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature23482
– ident: CR47
– volume: 120
  start-page: 49
  year: 2005
  end-page: 58
  ident: CR168
  article-title: mRNA helicase activity of the ribosome
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.042
– volume: 18
  start-page: 2128
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2134
  ident: CR177
  article-title: Crystal structure of the primary piRNA biogenesis factor Zucchini reveals similarity to the bacterial PLD endonuclease Nuc
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.034967.112
– volume: 10
  start-page: 8468
  year: 2020
  end-page: 8478
  ident: CR108
  article-title: Serum piRNA-54265 is a new biomarker for early detection and clinical surveillance of Human Colorectal Cancer
  publication-title: Theranostics
  doi: 10.7150/thno.46241
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1033
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1042
  ident: CR89
  article-title: Recurrent adaptation in RNA interference genes across the Drosophila phylogeny
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq284
– volume: 24
  start-page: 887
  year: 2010
  end-page: 892
  ident: CR94
  article-title: MVH in piRNA processing and gene silencing of retrotransposons
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1902110
– volume: 315
  start-page: 1587
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1590
  ident: CR60
  article-title: A slicer-mediated mechanism for repeat-associated siRNA 5′ end formation i la
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1140494
– volume: 46
  start-page: 677
  year: 2012
  end-page: 700
  ident: CR28
  article-title: Rules of engagement: molecular insights from host-virus arms races
  publication-title: Annu Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155522
– volume: 17
  start-page: e1009265
  year: 2021
  ident: CR59
  article-title: yama, a mutant allele of Mov10l1, disrupts retrotransposon silencing and piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009265
– volume: 9
  start-page: 48
  year: 2020
  ident: CR170
  article-title: PIWIL3 forms a complex with TDRKH in mammalian oocytes
  publication-title: Cells
– volume: 12
  start-page: 73
  year: 2021
  ident: CR199
  article-title: Long first exons and epigenetic marks distinguish conserved pachytene piRNA clusters from other mammalian genes
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20345-3
– volume: 2
  start-page: 819
  year: 2002
  end-page: 830
  ident: CR30
  article-title: miwi, a murine homolog of piwi, encodes a cytoplasmic protein essential for spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00165-X
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1090
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1099
  ident: CR97
  article-title: Identification of piRNAs in the central nervous system
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.2565011
– volume: 52
  start-page: 728
  year: 2020
  end-page: 739
  ident: CR185
  article-title: The evolutionarily conserved piRNA-producing locus pi6 is required for male mouse fertility
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0657-7
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1017
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1027
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of genomic tandem repeats and transposable elements in the germline
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00299-8
– volume: 12
  start-page: 418
  year: 2015
  end-page: 428
  ident: CR69
  article-title: PIWI slicing and RNA elements in precursors instruct directional primary piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.030
– volume: 15
  start-page: 285
  year: 2008
  end-page: 297
  ident: CR162
  article-title: Mouse maelstrom, a component of nuage, is essential for spermatogenesis and transposon repression in meiosis
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.015
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1911
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1922
  ident: CR127
  article-title: Gene silencing mechanisms mediated by Aubergine piRNA complexes in male gonad
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.744307
– volume: 19
  start-page: 2066
  year: 2009
  end-page: 2076
  ident: CR146
  article-title: A broadly conserved pathway generates 3’UTR-directed primary piRNAs
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.064
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1393
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1407
  ident: CR196
  article-title: Rapid evolution of piRNA pathway in the teleost fish: implication for an adaptation to transposon diversity
  publication-title: Genome Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/gbe/evu105
– volume: 8
  start-page: e47999
  year: 2019
  ident: CR37
  article-title: piRNA-guided co-transcriptional silencing coopts nuclear export factors
  publication-title: Elife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.47999
– volume: 97
  start-page: 426
  year: 2001
  end-page: 434
  ident: CR154
  article-title: Human CD34(+) stem cells express the hiwi gene, a human homologue of the gene piwi
  publication-title: Blood
  doi: 10.1182/blood.V97.2.426
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1603
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1608
  ident: CR148
  article-title: Pimet, the homolog of HEN1, mediates 2′ -methylation of Piwi- interacting RNAs at their 3′ ends
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1563607
– volume: 110
  start-page: 689
  year: 2002
  end-page: 699
  ident: CR117
  article-title: Analysis of a piwi-related gene implicates small RNAs in genome rearrangement in tetrahymena
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00909-1
– volume: 99
  start-page: 684
  year: 2018
  end-page: 685
  ident: CR166
  article-title: Disruption of Tdrd5 decouples the stepwise processing of long precursor transcripts during pachytene PIWI-interacting RNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Biol Reprod
  doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy110
– volume: 47
  start-page: 954
  year: 2012
  end-page: 969
  ident: CR132
  article-title: The cochaperone shutdown defines a group of biogenesis factors essential for all piRNA populations in Drosophila
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.021
– volume: 335
  start-page: 216
  year: 2009
  end-page: 227
  ident: CR197
  article-title: Gtsf1/Cue110, a gene encoding a protein with two copies of a CHHC Zn-finger motif, is involved in spermatogenesis and retrotransposon suppression in murine testes
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.003
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2499
  issue: 22
  year: 2010
  end-page: 2504
  ident: CR62
  article-title: Probing the initiation and effector phases of the somatic piRNA pathway in Drosophila
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1968110
– volume: 50
  start-page: 67
  year: 2013
  end-page: 81
  ident: CR102
  article-title: An ancient transcription factor initiates the burst of piRNA production during early meiosis in mouse testes
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.016
– volume: 7
  start-page: 11106
  year: 2016
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Diverse human extracellular RNAs are widely detected in human plasma
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms11106
– volume: 19
  start-page: 630
  year: 2009
  end-page: 639
  ident: CR176
  article-title: Tdrd6 is required for spermiogenesis, chromatoid body architecture, and regulation of miRNA expression
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.047
– volume: 8
  start-page: 39
  year: 2015
  ident: CR207
  article-title: Novel function of PIWIL1 in neuronal polarization and migration via regulation of microtubule-associated proteins
  publication-title: Mol Brain
  doi: 10.1186/s13041-015-0131-0
– volume: 313
  start-page: 320
  year: 2006
  end-page: 324
  ident: CR174
  article-title: A distinct small RNA pathway silences selfish genetic elements in the germline
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1129333
– volume: 9
  start-page: 97821
  year: 2014
  ident: CR19
  article-title: PIWI proteins are dispensable for mouse somatic development and reprogramming of fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097821
– volume: 19
  start-page: 803
  year: 2013
  end-page: 810
  ident: CR155
  article-title: GPAT2, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, in piRNA biogenesis in germline stem cells
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.038521.113
– volume: 40
  start-page: 453
  year: 2017
  end-page: 466.e5
  ident: CR210
  article-title: BTBD18 Regulates a Subset of piRNA-Generating Loci through Transcription Elongation in Mice
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.007
– volume: 14
  start-page: 181
  year: 2004
  end-page: 187
  ident: CR118
  article-title: Small RNAs in genome rearrangement in Tetrahymena
  publication-title: Curr Opin Genet Dev
  doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2004.01.004
– ident: CR67
– volume: 11
  start-page: 858
  year: 2020
  ident: CR190
  article-title: Crystal structure of Drosophila Piwi
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14687-1
– volume: 13
  start-page: 246
  year: 2012
  end-page: 259
  ident: CR151
  article-title: Regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA decay
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/nrg3160
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1446
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1457
  ident: CR142
  article-title: shutdown is a component of the Drosophila piRNA biogenesis machinery
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.034405.112
– volume: 11
  start-page: 366
  year: 2015
  end-page: 375
  ident: CR113
  article-title: Crystal structure and activity of the endoribonuclease domain of the piRNA pathway factor maelstrom
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.030
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1405
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1418
  ident: CR70
  article-title: Mitochondrial protein BmPAPI modulates the length of mature piRNAs
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.040428.113
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25677
  year: 2019
  end-page: 25687
  ident: CR125
  article-title: Mammalian germ cells are determined after PGC colonization of the nascent gonad
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910733116
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1999
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2019
  ident: CR17
  article-title: Reduced pachytene piRNAs and translation underlie spermiogenic arrest in Maelstrom mutant mice
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.15252/embj.201386855
– volume: 42
  start-page: 8984
  year: 2014
  end-page: 8995
  ident: CR82
  article-title: The human Piwi protein Hiwi2 associates with tRNA-derived piRNAs in somatic cells
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gku620
– volume: 108
  start-page: 10579
  year: 2011
  end-page: 10584
  ident: CR171
  article-title: Tudor domain containing 7 (Tdrd7) is essential for dynamic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) remodeling of chromatoid bodies during spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015447108
– volume: 41
  start-page: 324
  year: 2016
  end-page: 337
  ident: CR24
  article-title: One loop to rule them all: The ping-pong cycle and piRNA-guided silencing
  publication-title: Trends Biochem Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.008
– volume: 13
  start-page: 727
  year: 2012
  end-page: 735
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Surveillance pathways rescuing eukaryotic ribosomes lost in translation
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm3457
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1878
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1887
  ident: CR63
  article-title: The 3’-to-5’ exoribonuclease Nibbler shapes the 3’ ends of microRNAs bound to Drosophila Argonaute1
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.034
– volume: 132
  start-page: 4029
  year: 2005
  end-page: 4039
  ident: CR136
  article-title: RNF17, a component of the mammalian germ cell nuage, is essential for spermiogenesis
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.02003
– volume: 4
  start-page: 156
  year: 2020
  end-page: 168
  ident: CR134
  article-title: Evolutionarily conserved pachytene piRNA loci are highly divergent among modern humans
  publication-title: Nat Ecol Evol
  doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-1065-1
– volume: 19
  start-page: e42054
  year: 2018
  ident: CR198
  article-title: Mouse GTSF1 is an essential factor for secondary piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201642054
– volume: 5
  start-page: 22
  year: 2014
  ident: CR191
  article-title: piRNA clusters and open chromatin structure
  publication-title: Mob DNA
  doi: 10.1186/1759-8753-5-22
– volume: 20
  start-page: 483
  year: 2014
  end-page: 495
  ident: CR116
  article-title: An atlas of chromatoid body components
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.043729.113
– volume: 24
  start-page: 3423
  year: 2018
  end-page: 3432.e4
  ident: CR137
  article-title: Exonuclease domain-containing 1 enhances miwi2 pirna biogenesis via its interaction with TDRD12
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.087
– volume: 103
  start-page: 15894
  year: 2006
  end-page: 15899
  ident: CR22
  article-title: Tdrd1/Mtr-1, a tudor-related gene, is essential for male germ-cell differentiation and nuage/germinal granule formation in mice
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601878103
– volume: 19
  start-page: 640
  year: 2009
  end-page: 644
  ident: CR181
  article-title: Mili interacts with tudor domain-containing protein 1 in regulating spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.061
– volume: 491
  start-page: 279
  year: 2012
  end-page: 283
  ident: CR73
  article-title: The structural biochemistry of Zucchini implicates it as a nuclease in piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature11502
– volume: 20
  start-page: 148
  year: 2011
  end-page: 161
  ident: CR84
  article-title: The many faces of RNAi
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.01.012
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1064
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1077
  ident: CR175
  article-title: Minotaur is critical for primary piRNA biogenesis
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.039669.113
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1000764
  year: 2009
  ident: CR8
  article-title: Cytoplasmic compartmentalization of the fetal piRNA pathway in mice
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000764
– volume: 52
  start-page: 644
  year: 2020
  end-page: 645
  ident: CR3
  article-title: Pachytene piRNAs as beneficial regulators or a defense system gone rogue
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0656-8
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1002729
  year: 2012
  ident: CR98
  article-title: Phylogenomic analysis reveals dynamic evolutionary history of the Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene family
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002729
– volume: 98
  start-page: 392
  year: 1983
  end-page: 399
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Haploid accumulation and translational control of phosphoglycerate kinase-2 messenger RNA during mouse spermatogenesis
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90368-8
– volume: 28
  start-page: 349
  year: 2020
  end-page: 359
  ident: CR90
  article-title: The crAss-like Phage group: how metagenomics reshaped the human virome
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.010
– volume: 164
  start-page: 838
  year: 2016
  end-page: 840
  ident: CR25
  article-title: A Happy 3’ Ending to the piRNA Maturation Story
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.012
– volume: 151
  start-page: 964
  year: 2012
  end-page: 980
  ident: CR159
  article-title: Transcriptional silencing of transposons by Piwi and maelstrom and its impact on chromatin state and gene expression
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.040
– volume: 18
  start-page: 265
  year: 2012
  end-page: 273
  ident: CR81
  article-title: A role for transcription from a piRNA cluster in de novo piRNA production
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.029777.111
– volume: 30
  start-page: 566
  year: 2020
  end-page: 575
  ident: CR204
  article-title: Rapid evolution of piRNA-mediated silencing of an invading transposable element was driven by abundant de novo mutations
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.251546.119
– volume: 143
  start-page: 530
  year: 2016
  end-page: 539
  ident: CR180
  article-title: Antagonistic roles of Nibbler and Hen1 in modulating piRNA 3’ ends in Drosophila
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.127647
– volume: 442
  start-page: 199
  year: 2006
  end-page: 202
  ident: CR51
  article-title: A germline-specific class of small RNAs binds mammalian Piwi proteins
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04917
– volume: 480
  start-page: 264
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR144
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10672
– volume: 22
  start-page: 141
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR110
  publication-title: Nat Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-0464-5
– volume: 10
  start-page: 3389
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR193
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11312-8
– volume: 11
  start-page: e1005620
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR103
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005620
– volume: 20
  start-page: 483
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR116
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.043729.113
– volume: 13
  start-page: 700
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR83
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm3454
– volume: 301
  start-page: 38
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR72
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.046
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1405
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR70
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.040428.113
– volume: 30
  start-page: 717
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR42
  publication-title: Mol Biol Cell
  doi: 10.1091/mbc.E18-10-0681
– volume: 491
  start-page: 284
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR128
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature11509
– volume: 41
  start-page: 324
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR24
  publication-title: Trends Biochem Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.12.008
– volume: 10
  start-page: 195
  year: 1991
  ident: 9927_CR16
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07936.x
– volume: 2016
  start-page: 7595791
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR61
  publication-title: Stem Cells Int
  doi: 10.1155/2016/7595791
– volume: 97
  start-page: 426
  year: 2001
  ident: 9927_CR154
  publication-title: Blood
  doi: 10.1182/blood.V97.2.426
– ident: 9927_CR135
– volume: 28
  start-page: 349
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR90
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.01.010
– volume: 11
  start-page: e1005652
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR20
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005652
– volume: 25
  start-page: 193
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR203
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2015.4
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1999
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR17
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.15252/embj.201386855
– volume: 43
  start-page: 229
  year: 1975
  ident: 9927_CR36
  publication-title: Int Rev Cytol
  doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60070-4
– volume: 30
  start-page: 3977
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR65
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.308
– volume: 318
  start-page: 761
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR5
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1146484
– volume: 14
  start-page: 504
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR141
  publication-title: Epigenetics
  doi: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1600389
– volume: 442
  start-page: 203
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR2
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04916
– volume: 315
  start-page: 1587
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR60
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1140494
– volume: 41
  start-page: 623
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR184
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.021
– volume: 19
  start-page: 1064
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR175
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.039669.113
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1641
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR99
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw053
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1429
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR12
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2012.120
– volume: 5
  start-page: 309
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR147
  publication-title: Genom Data
  doi: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.06.026
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1403
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR182
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.265215.115
– volume: 18
  start-page: 2128
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR177
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.034967.112
– volume: 13
  start-page: 974
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR145
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.465507
– volume: 2
  start-page: 5970
  issue: 1
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR167
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26233-8
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1603
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR148
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1563607
– volume: 18
  start-page: 995
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR123
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.073056.107
– volume: 19
  start-page: e44957
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR129
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201744957
– volume: 6
  start-page: 48
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR164
  publication-title: Elife
– volume: 136
  start-page: 656
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR109
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.045
– volume: 19
  start-page: 630
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR176
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.047
– volume: 45
  start-page: 5387
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR79
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
– ident: 9927_CR202
  doi: 10.1101/2021.03.21.434510
– ident: 9927_CR106
  doi: 10.1038/s41556-021-00746-2
– volume: 10
  start-page: 521
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR173
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.009
– volume: 14
  start-page: 181
  year: 2004
  ident: 9927_CR118
  publication-title: Curr Opin Genet Dev
  doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2004.01.004
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1003038
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR208
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003038
– volume: 101
  start-page: 16583
  year: 2004
  ident: 9927_CR85
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0406325101
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3820
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR126
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.365
– volume: 107
  start-page: 11847
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR45
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1007158107
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3739
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR152
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17372-5
– volume: 13
  start-page: 246
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR151
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1038/nrg3160
– volume: 19
  start-page: 803
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR155
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.038521.113
– volume: 124
  start-page: 2463
  year: 1997
  ident: 9927_CR104
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.124.12.2463
– volume: 316
  start-page: 744
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR7
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1142612
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1709
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR58
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1434406
– volume: 5
  start-page: e1000635
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR107
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000635
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1032
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR52
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.260455.115
– volume: 8
  start-page: 39
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR207
  publication-title: Mol Brain
  doi: 10.1186/s13041-015-0131-0
– volume: 33
  start-page: 536
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR206
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1002/embj.201384895
– volume: 61
  start-page: 138
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR194
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.11.009
– volume: 116
  start-page: 25677
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR125
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910733116
– volume: 17
  start-page: 775
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR157
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.012
– volume: 30
  start-page: 566
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR204
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.251546.119
– volume: 463
  start-page: 662
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR163
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature08739
– volume: 38
  start-page: e102870
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR122
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.15252/embj.2019102870
– volume: 8
  start-page: 38
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR120
  publication-title: J Hematol Oncol
  doi: 10.1186/s13045-015-0133-5
– volume: 128
  start-page: 2823
  year: 2001
  ident: 9927_CR66
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.128.14.2823
– volume: 107
  start-page: 11841
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR209
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003953107
– volume: 128
  start-page: 1089
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR14
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.043
– volume: 348
  start-page: 812
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR119
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1039
– volume: 25
  start-page: 355
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR172
  publication-title: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175327
– volume: 99
  start-page: 684
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR166
  publication-title: Biol Reprod
  doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy110
– ident: 9927_CR47
  doi: 10.1101/2021.04.30.442165
– volume: 15
  start-page: 285
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR162
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.015
– volume: 5
  start-page: 22
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR191
  publication-title: Mob DNA
  doi: 10.1186/1759-8753-5-22
– volume: 98
  start-page: 392
  year: 1983
  ident: 9927_CR53
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90368-8
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2499
  issue: 22
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR62
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1968110
– volume: 132
  start-page: 4029
  year: 2005
  ident: 9927_CR136
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.02003
– volume: 442
  start-page: 199
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR51
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature04917
– volume: 52
  start-page: 644
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR3
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0656-8
– volume: 40
  start-page: 217
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR133
  publication-title: Meiosis
– volume: 12
  start-page: 418
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR69
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.030
– volume: 26
  start-page: 603
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR153
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.05.021
– volume: 3
  start-page: e130
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR101
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030130
– volume: 138
  start-page: 1863
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR105
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.059287
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1265
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR71
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.030
– volume: 480
  start-page: 259
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR29
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10547
– volume: 106
  start-page: 7079
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR10
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900523106
– volume: 14
  start-page: 347
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR87
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb1218
– volume: 2
  start-page: 129
  year: 1970
  ident: 9927_CR39
  publication-title: Biol Reprod
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod2.1.129
– volume: 10
  start-page: 8468
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR108
  publication-title: Theranostics
  doi: 10.7150/thno.46241
– volume: 49
  start-page: 2700
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR74
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab059
– volume: 12
  start-page: 73
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR199
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20345-3
– volume: 22
  start-page: 200
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR165
  publication-title: Nat Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0457-4
– volume: 24
  start-page: 3423
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR137
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.087
– volume: 4
  start-page: 156
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR134
  publication-title: Nat Ecol Evol
  doi: 10.1038/s41559-019-1065-1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 680
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR54
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2014.41
– volume: 22
  start-page: 908
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR95
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1640708
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1392
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR205
  publication-title: Cell Res
  doi: 10.1038/cr.2017.125
– volume: 7
  start-page: e46611
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR55
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046611
– volume: 8
  start-page: 85
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR91
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm2081
– volume: 13
  start-page: 1911
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR127
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.744307
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1869
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR150
  publication-title: EMBO J
  doi: 10.1038/emboj.2013.121
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1081
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR160
  publication-title: Evolution
  doi: 10.1111/evo.12011
– volume: 453
  start-page: 534
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR169
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06904
– volume: 138
  start-page: 4039
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR201
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.069187
– volume: 52
  start-page: 728
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR185
  publication-title: Nat Genet
  doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0657-7
– volume: 3
  start-page: 222
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR11
  publication-title: PLoS Comput Biol
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030222
– volume: 17
  start-page: e1009485
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR21
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009485
– ident: 9927_CR38
  doi: 10.1242/dev.005629
– volume: 179
  start-page: 632
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR200
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.002
– volume: 455
  start-page: 1193
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR57
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature07415
– volume: 178
  start-page: 731
  year: 1974
  ident: 9927_CR35
  publication-title: Anat Rec
  doi: 10.1002/ar.1091780406
– volume: 8
  start-page: 819
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR33
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00854-4
– volume: 335
  start-page: 216
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR197
  publication-title: Dev Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.003
– volume: 42
  start-page: 8984
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR82
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gku620
– volume: 453
  start-page: 539
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR183
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature06908
– volume: 14
  start-page: 349
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR131
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb1220
– volume: 110
  start-page: 689
  year: 2002
  ident: 9927_CR117
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00909-1
– volume: 157
  start-page: 1698
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR188
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.018
– volume: 19
  start-page: 640
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR181
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.061
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1415
  year: 1998
  ident: 9927_CR92
  publication-title: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
  doi: 10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1415-1434.1998
– volume: 9
  start-page: 48
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR170
  publication-title: Cells
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1017
  year: 2001
  ident: 9927_CR9
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00299-8
– volume: 7
  start-page: 11106
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR44
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms11106
– volume: 138
  start-page: 1137
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR88
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.014
– volume: 9
  start-page: 97821
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR19
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097821
– volume: 539
  start-page: 588
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR68
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature20162
– volume: 11
  start-page: 858
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR190
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14687-1
– volume: 29
  start-page: 617
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR178
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.254631.114
– volume: 192
  start-page: 781
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR189
  publication-title: J Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.201009043
– volume: 9
  start-page: 127
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR34
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02622-w
– volume: 18
  start-page: 42
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR121
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.029769.111
– volume: 313
  start-page: 320
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR174
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1129333
– volume: 18
  start-page: 265
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR81
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.029777.111
– volume: 549
  start-page: 54
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR1
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature23482
– volume: 8
  start-page: e47999
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR37
  publication-title: Elife
  doi: 10.7554/eLife.47999
– volume: 50
  start-page: 749
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR26
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.007
– volume: 348
  start-page: 817
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR64
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaa1264
– volume: 491
  start-page: 279
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR73
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature11502
– volume: 151
  start-page: 964
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR159
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.040
– volume: 40
  start-page: 453
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR210
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.007
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1878
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR63
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.034
– volume: 14
  start-page: R578
  year: 2004
  ident: 9927_CR149
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.018
– volume: 5
  start-page: 979061
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR78
  publication-title: Spermatogenesis
  doi: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979061
– volume: 164
  start-page: 838
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR25
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.012
– volume: 130
  start-page: 859
  year: 2003
  ident: 9927_CR41
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.00310
– volume: 9
  start-page: 626020
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR50
  publication-title: Front Cell Dev Biol
  doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626020
– volume: 313
  start-page: 363
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR96
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1130164
– volume: 106
  start-page: 20336
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR18
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911640106
– volume: 19
  start-page: e42054
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR198
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.15252/embr.201642054
– volume: 12
  start-page: 61
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR140
  publication-title: BMC Biol
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1297
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR27
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213283110
– volume: 46
  start-page: 677
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR28
  publication-title: Annu Rev Genet
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155522
– volume: 5
  start-page: 10423
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR111
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/srep10423
– volume: 29
  start-page: 944
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR86
  publication-title: Asian-Australas J Anim Sci
  doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0436
– volume: 167
  start-page: 484
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR112
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.002
– volume: 39
  start-page: 6596
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR192
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr298
– volume: 19
  start-page: 773
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR179
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2347
– volume: 12
  start-page: 429
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR75
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.035
– volume: 50
  start-page: 67
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR102
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.016
– volume: 12
  start-page: 503
  year: 2007
  ident: 9927_CR15
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.03.001
– volume: 5
  start-page: e1000698
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR130
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000698
– volume: 110
  start-page: 16492
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR138
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316316110
– volume: 131
  start-page: 839
  year: 2004
  ident: 9927_CR93
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.00973
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1002729
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR98
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002729
– volume: 19
  start-page: 2066
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR146
  publication-title: Curr Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.064
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1000764
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR8
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000764
– volume: 165
  start-page: 382
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR158
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.046
– volume: 89
  start-page: 499
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR13
  publication-title: Yale J Biol Med
– volume: 45
  start-page: 7
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR49
  publication-title: BMB Rep
  doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2012.45.1.7
– volume: 28
  start-page: 189
  year: 2005
  ident: 9927_CR139
  publication-title: Int J Androl
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00542.x
– volume: 47
  start-page: 970
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR187
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.019
– ident: 9927_CR67
  doi: 10.1101/2021.01.27.428354
– volume: 17
  start-page: e1009265
  year: 2021
  ident: 9927_CR59
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009265
– volume: 475
  start-page: 118
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR143
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature10126
– volume: 71
  start-page: 775
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR46
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.007
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1446
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR142
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.034405.112
– volume: 47
  start-page: 2594
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR32
  publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res
  doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1281
– volume: 2
  start-page: 174
  year: 2018
  ident: 9927_CR100
  publication-title: Nat Ecol Evol
  doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0403-4
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1313
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR80
  publication-title: Genome Res
  doi: 10.1101/gr.101386.109
– volume: 11
  start-page: 366
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR113
  publication-title: Cell Rep
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.030
– volume: 155
  start-page: 807
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR43
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.001
– volume: 24
  start-page: 887
  year: 2010
  ident: 9927_CR94
  publication-title: Genes Dev
  doi: 10.1101/gad.1902110
– volume: 108
  start-page: 10579
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR171
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1015447108
– volume: 300
  start-page: 1581
  year: 2003
  ident: 9927_CR195
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1084737
– volume: 578
  start-page: 311
  year: 2020
  ident: 9927_CR76
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1966-9
– volume: 54
  start-page: 119
  year: 2019
  ident: 9927_CR48
  publication-title: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1603199
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1090
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR97
  publication-title: RNA
  doi: 10.1261/rna.2565011
– volume: 306
  start-page: 17
  year: 2009
  ident: 9927_CR23
  publication-title: Mol Cell Endocrinol
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.009
– volume: 4
  start-page: 701
  year: 2004
  ident: 9927_CR161
  publication-title: Gene Expr Patterns
  doi: 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.04.002
– volume: 13
  start-page: 727
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR56
  publication-title: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nrm3457
– volume: 73
  start-page: 283
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR4
  publication-title: Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
  doi: 10.1101/sqb.2008.73.058
– volume: 103
  start-page: 15894
  year: 2006
  ident: 9927_CR22
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0601878103
– volume: 120
  start-page: 49
  year: 2005
  ident: 9927_CR168
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.042
– volume: 50
  start-page: 601
  year: 2013
  ident: 9927_CR31
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.026
– volume: 142
  start-page: 195
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR115
  publication-title: Reproduction
  doi: 10.1530/REP-11-0057
– volume: 19
  start-page: 594
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR156
  publication-title: Nat Struct Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2301
– volume: 47
  start-page: 954
  year: 2012
  ident: 9927_CR132
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.021
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1393
  year: 2014
  ident: 9927_CR196
  publication-title: Genome Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/gbe/evu105
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1033
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR89
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq284
– volume: 7
  start-page: 9230
  year: 2017
  ident: 9927_CR186
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08043-5
– volume: 113
  start-page: 12697
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR124
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1609287113
– volume: 143
  start-page: 530
  year: 2016
  ident: 9927_CR180
  publication-title: Development
  doi: 10.1242/dev.127647
– volume: 20
  start-page: 148
  year: 2011
  ident: 9927_CR84
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.01.012
– volume: 31
  start-page: 785
  year: 2008
  ident: 9927_CR6
  publication-title: Mol Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.003
– volume: 6
  start-page: 7316
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR114
  publication-title: Nat Commun
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms8316
– volume: 14
  start-page: 443
  year: 2015
  ident: 9927_CR40
  publication-title: Aging Cell
  doi: 10.1111/acel.12323
– volume: 56
  start-page: 489
  year: 2002
  ident: 9927_CR77
  publication-title: Annu Rev Microbiol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160916
– volume: 2
  start-page: 819
  year: 2002
  ident: 9927_CR30
  publication-title: Dev Cell
  doi: 10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00165-X
SSID ssj0017617
Score 2.5032003
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24–35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of...
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24-35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 293
SubjectTerms adults
animal fertility
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
biogenesis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Birth
Cell Biology
Chromatin
DNA
DNA Transposable Elements - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Fertility
fruits
Gene expression
gene expression regulation
Gene regulation
genome
Genomics
germ cells
Human Genetics
Imprinting
Life Sciences
Male
Mammals
Mammals - genetics
Mice
Nucleotides
Post-transcription
RNA processing
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
Sexual dimorphism
Testis - metabolism
therapeutics
transposons
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: SpringerLink Journals
  dbid: RSV
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dT9swED-xwqS9bIwNlq1MnsQbREpsJ473Vk1Deyqo2xDiJUpsR61EkypNy7_P2U0yFRjS9mbFl8i-3MfPH3cHcCJopDPFlC80Yz7629iXiGL9iKF_L4rYFDR3xSbEeJxcX8vLNihs2d12744knaXug91s2TEbTYzLXykp2tYXsIvuLrHqOPl51Z8d4MLcBUlLVGVcTQRtqMzT39h2R48w5uOrkg_OS50bOn_zfxPYh9ct7CSjjZy8hR1THsDLm8ptqr-DC5QWks_qZkqqgixmk_Fo-ZVMqzsyz-ZztxXSPiVZbcjCpYk1-oy0dbUa285KTQxau7XR7-H3-fdf3374bakFXyEgbHyhGFc05CZUhuYqiYUKdaAU10wWnLMMmzSnLNNRRKUIjcllnKlABUYLnXN2CIOyKs0HIAkNDZoRHVhkqWlu0-9oS5jkAi2G9iDsOJ6qNg-5LYdxm_YZlB2jUmRU6hiVJh6c9u8sNlk4nqUedj8ybTVymSIQiZiwUSsefOm7UZfsAUlWmmqFNJGFu3H0LI1MIotqBffgaCMb_ZAYFwiIQuGB2JKansDm8t7uKWdTl9MbfQ4PEunBWSc7f4b-95l-_DfyT_CK2ugNt4k0hEFTr8wx7Kl1M1vWn50W3QNs1RTU
  priority: 102
  providerName: Springer Nature
Title The birth of piRNAs: how mammalian piRNAs are produced, originated, and evolved
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00335-021-09927-8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34724117
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2665370978
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2592316578
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2985650874
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9114089
Volume 33
WOSCitedRecordID wos000713533800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: SpringerLink Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1432-1777
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017617
  issn: 0938-8990
  databaseCode: RSV
  dateStart: 19970101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22
  providerName: Springer Nature
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpR1db9Mw8LQPkHhh42MjY1RG4o1FJLYTx3tBA23iqVTdQBUvUWI7aqU1KW22_f2dXTdTN9EXXiwrvkhx7tN3vjuAT4ImulBMhUIzFqK-TUOJVmyYMNTvVZWaipau2YTo97PRSA68w23hr1WuZKIT1LpR1kf-BRVJwoTNOvg6-xvarlE2uupbaGzDrq2SwNzVvUEXRcAjukuXlsjUeK6IfNKMS52zTcxsbjIepqWkKKnXFdMTa_PppclHkVOnkC72_ncr-_DSm6LkbEk7r2DL1K_h-Z_GOdrfwE-kIFJO5u2YNBWZTYb9s8UpGTd3ZFpMp8494p-SYm7IzJWONfqE-F5brZ0XtSYGJeCt0W_h18X51fcfoW-_ECo0EttQKMYVjbmJlaGlylKhYh0pxTWTFeeswCktKSt0klApYmNKmRYqUpHRQpecHcBO3dTmHZCMxgZFi46stalpaUvyaAuYlQKliA4gXv37XPna5LZFxnXeVVV2-MoRX7nDV54F8Ll7Z7aszLER-niFi9xz6SJ_QEQAH7tl5C8bNClq09wgTGJN4DTZCCOzxFq6ggdwuKSS7pMYF2gkxSIAsUY_HYCt772-Uk_Grs436iEeZTKAkxWlPXz6v3d6tHmn7-EFtRkczpF0DDvt_MZ8gGfqtp0s5j3YFiPhxqwHu9_O-4Nhz_EUjsPL3_ca6iNw
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1fb9QwDLfGAI0X_jMKA4IET6yiTdqmQUJoAqZNGwdCQzrtpbRJqjuJa4-7bhNfis-InWs7HRP3tgfeosatksb52Y5jG-CF5LHJtdC-NEL4KG8TX6EW68cC5XtZJrbkhSs2IQeDdDhUX9bgdxcLQ9cqO0x0QG1qTWfkr1GQxEJS1MG76U-fqkaRd7UrobFgiwP76wxNtvnb_Q-4vi853_149H7Pb6sK-Bp1n8aXWkSah5ENteWFThOpQxNoHRmhyigSOTZ5wUVu4pgrGVpbqCTXgQ6skaaIBH73ClxFHJd0hUwOewMvlImr8BsoBBG0Y4I2SMeF6lHRNIqFRuNdKY6SYVkQXtBuL17S_MtT6wTg7q3_7dfdhputqs12FnvjDqzZ6i5cP66dI-EefMYdworxrBmxumTT8dfBzvwNG9VnbJJPJu74p33K8pllU5ca15pt1tYSa6idV4ZZRPhTa-7Dt0uZzQNYr-rKPgSW8tAidJqAtGnDC0o5ZIgwLSSipPEg7NY6023udSoB8iPrs0Y7_siQPzLHH1nqwav-neki88hK6q1u7bMWhebZ-cJ78LzvRvwgp1Be2foEaWJS8ZN4JY1KY9LkZeTB5oIr-yGJSKISGEoP5BK_9gSUv3y5pxqPXB5zlLNRkCoPtjvOPh_6v2f6aPVMn8HG3tGnw-xwf3DwGG5wilZxh2ZbsN7MTuwTuKZPm_F89tTtXQbfL5vj_wA4X335
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6V8hCX8oZAASPBiUZN7CSOkRCqKCuqomWFQKq4hMR2tCuxybKbtuKv9dcx401SLRV764GbFU8iO_48M_a8AF5KHptcC-1LI4SP8jbxFWqxfixQvpdlYkteuGITcjhMj47UaAPOulgYcqvseKJj1KbWdEe-i4IkFpKiDnbL1i1itD94N_vlUwUpsrR25TSWEDm0v0_x-LZ4e7CPa_2K88GHr-8_-m2FAV-jHtT4UotI8zCyoba80GkidWgCrSMjVBlFIscmL7jITRxzJUNrC5XkOtCBNdIUkcDvXoGrkpKWO7fBUW_BkImr9hsoZCh4pgnagB0XtkcF1CguGg_ySnGUEqtC8YKme9Fh8y-rrROGg1v_82-8DVutCs72lnvmDmzY6i5c_147A8M9-Iw7hxWTeTNmdclmky_DvcUbNq5P2TSfTt21UPuU5XPLZi5lrjU7rK0x1lA7rwyzyPlPrLkP3y5lNg9gs6or-whYykOLLNUEpGUbXlAqIkOEaSGRexoPwm7dM93mZKfSID-zPpu0w0qGWMkcVrLUg9f9O7NlRpK11NsdDrKWOy2ycxB48KLvRr5CxqK8svUx0sSk-ifxWhqVxqThy8iDh0uE9kMSkUTlMJQeyBXs9gSU13y1p5qMXX5zlL9RkCoPdjqUnw_93zN9vH6mz-EGAj37dDA8fAI3OQWxuLu0bdhs5sf2KVzTJ81kMX_mtjGDH5cN-D_iV4bH
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+birth+of+piRNAs%3A+how+mammalian+piRNAs+are+produced%2C+originated%2C+and+evolved&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+genome&rft.au=Sun%2C+Yu+H&rft.au=Lee%2C+Brent&rft.au=Li+Xin+Zhiguo&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+B.V&rft.issn=0938-8990&rft.eissn=1432-1777&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=293&rft.epage=311&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00335-021-09927-8&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0938-8990&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0938-8990&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0938-8990&client=summon