Earlier versus Later Start of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults with Tuberculosis

When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection and TB has been debated. In this study from Cambodia, giving antiretrovirals 2 weeks after the start of TB therapy was superior to therapy begun at 8 weeks, with a decrease in mortality. Tuberculosis is a major ca...

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Vydáno v:The New England journal of medicine Ročník 365; číslo 16; s. 1471 - 1481
Hlavní autoři: Blanc, François-Xavier, Sok, Thim, Laureillard, Didier, Borand, Laurence, Rekacewicz, Claire, Nerrienet, Eric, Madec, Yoann, Marcy, Olivier, Chan, Sarin, Prak, Narom, Kim, Chindamony, Lak, Khemarin Kim, Hak, Chanroeurn, Dim, Bunnet, Sin, Chhun Im, Sun, Sath, Guillard, Bertrand, Sar, Borann, Vong, Sirenda, Fernandez, Marcelo, Fox, Lawrence, Delfraissy, Jean-François, Goldfeld, Anne E
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Waltham, MA Massachusetts Medical Society 20.10.2011
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ISSN:0028-4793, 1533-4406, 1533-4406
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Abstract When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection and TB has been debated. In this study from Cambodia, giving antiretrovirals 2 weeks after the start of TB therapy was superior to therapy begun at 8 weeks, with a decrease in mortality. Tuberculosis is a major cause of death in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in resource-limited settings. 1 , 2 Despite effective tuberculosis therapy, mortality is particularly high among patients with severe immunosuppression. 3 , 4 Although mortality among HIV-infected patients has been reported to be approximately 30% within the first 2 months of tuberculosis treatment if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is withheld, 5 the timing for starting ART in patients with tuberculosis has remained unclear. Arguments that support delayed initiation of ART include concern about the combined toxic effects of drugs, an increased risk of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and . . .
AbstractList When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection and TB has been debated. In this study from Cambodia, giving antiretrovirals 2 weeks after the start of TB therapy was superior to therapy begun at 8 weeks, with a decrease in mortality. Tuberculosis is a major cause of death in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in resource-limited settings. 1 , 2 Despite effective tuberculosis therapy, mortality is particularly high among patients with severe immunosuppression. 3 , 4 Although mortality among HIV-infected patients has been reported to be approximately 30% within the first 2 months of tuberculosis treatment if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is withheld, 5 the timing for starting ART in patients with tuberculosis has remained unclear. Arguments that support delayed initiation of ART include concern about the combined toxic effects of drugs, an increased risk of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and . . .
BackgroundTuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. After beginning the standard, 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, patients were randomly assigned to either earlier treatment (2 weeks after beginning tuberculosis treatment) or later treatment (8 weeks after) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The primary end point was survival.ResultsA total of 661 patients were enrolled and were followed for a median of 25 months. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 25 per cubic millimeter, and the median viral load was 5.64 log10 copies per milliliter. The risk of death was significantly reduced in the group that received ART earlier, with 59 deaths among 332 patients (18%), as compared with 90 deaths among 329 patients (27%) in the later-ART group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.44 to 0.86; P=0.006). The risk of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was significantly increased in the earlier-ART group (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.59; P<0.001). Irrespective of the study group, the median gain in the CD4+ T-cell count was 114 per cubic millimeter, and the viral load was undetectable at week 50 in 96.5% of the patients.ConclusionsInitiating ART 2 weeks after the start of tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival among HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis and the National Institutes of Health; CAMELIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01300481.)
Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy.BACKGROUNDTuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy.We tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. After beginning the standard, 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, patients were randomly assigned to either earlier treatment (2 weeks after beginning tuberculosis treatment) or later treatment (8 weeks after) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The primary end point was survival.METHODSWe tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. After beginning the standard, 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, patients were randomly assigned to either earlier treatment (2 weeks after beginning tuberculosis treatment) or later treatment (8 weeks after) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The primary end point was survival.A total of 661 patients were enrolled and were followed for a median of 25 months. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 25 per cubic millimeter, and the median viral load was 5.64 log(10) copies per milliliter. The risk of death was significantly reduced in the group that received ART earlier, with 59 deaths among 332 patients (18%), as compared with 90 deaths among 329 patients (27%) in the later-ART group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.44 to 0.86; P=0.006). The risk of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was significantly increased in the earlier-ART group (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.59; P<0.001). Irrespective of the study group, the median gain in the CD4+ T-cell count was 114 per cubic millimeter, and the viral load was undetectable at week 50 in 96.5% of the patients.RESULTSA total of 661 patients were enrolled and were followed for a median of 25 months. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 25 per cubic millimeter, and the median viral load was 5.64 log(10) copies per milliliter. The risk of death was significantly reduced in the group that received ART earlier, with 59 deaths among 332 patients (18%), as compared with 90 deaths among 329 patients (27%) in the later-ART group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.44 to 0.86; P=0.006). The risk of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was significantly increased in the earlier-ART group (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.59; P<0.001). Irrespective of the study group, the median gain in the CD4+ T-cell count was 114 per cubic millimeter, and the viral load was undetectable at week 50 in 96.5% of the patients.Initiating ART 2 weeks after the start of tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival among HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis and the National Institutes of Health; CAMELIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01300481.).CONCLUSIONSInitiating ART 2 weeks after the start of tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival among HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis and the National Institutes of Health; CAMELIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01300481.).
Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy. We tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. After beginning the standard, 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, patients were randomly assigned to either earlier treatment (2 weeks after beginning tuberculosis treatment) or later treatment (8 weeks after) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The primary end point was survival. A total of 661 patients were enrolled and were followed for a median of 25 months. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 25 per cubic millimeter, and the median viral load was 5.64 log(10) copies per milliliter. The risk of death was significantly reduced in the group that received ART earlier, with 59 deaths among 332 patients (18%), as compared with 90 deaths among 329 patients (27%) in the later-ART group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.44 to 0.86; P=0.006). The risk of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was significantly increased in the earlier-ART group (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.59; P<0.001). Irrespective of the study group, the median gain in the CD4+ T-cell count was 114 per cubic millimeter, and the viral load was undetectable at week 50 in 96.5% of the patients. Initiating ART 2 weeks after the start of tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival among HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis and the National Institutes of Health; CAMELIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01300481.).
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy.METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower. After beginning the standard, 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, patients were randomly assigned to either earlier treatment (2 weeks after beginning tuberculosis treatment) or later treatment (8 weeks after) with stavudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. The primary end point was survival.RESULTS: A total of 661 patients were enrolled and were followed for a median of 25 months. The median CD4+ T-cell count was 25 per cubic millimeter, and the median viral load was 5.64 log10 copies per milliliter. The risk of death was significantly reduced in the group that received ART earlier, with 59 deaths among 332 patients (18%), as compared with 90 deaths among 329 patients (27%) in the later-ART group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.44 to 0.86; P=0.006). The risk of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was significantly increased in the earlier-ART group (hazard ratio, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.59; P<0.001). Irrespective of the study group, the median gain in the CD4+ T-cell count was 114 per cubic millimeter, and the viral load was undetectable at week 50 in 96.5% of the patients.CONCLUSIONS: Initiating ART 2 weeks after the start of tuberculosis treatment significantly improved survival among HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower.
Author Prak, Narom
Guillard, Bertrand
Fernandez, Marcelo
Sun, Sath
Nerrienet, Eric
Fox, Lawrence
Rekacewicz, Claire
Sin, Chhun Im
Madec, Yoann
Sar, Borann
Goldfeld, Anne E
Laureillard, Didier
Chan, Sarin
Lak, Khemarin Kim
Vong, Sirenda
Borand, Laurence
Kim, Chindamony
Blanc, François-Xavier
Sok, Thim
Marcy, Olivier
Hak, Chanroeurn
Delfraissy, Jean-François
Dim, Bunnet
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BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24623406$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22010913$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Sok, Cheung
Heng, Tay Kry
Chea, Sotheary
Cheung, Sok
Toeung, Pichda
Yim, Chanthon
Sean, Soeun
Tun, Sophy
Teang, Sophary
Chheang, Ra
Chhay, Sinan
Pao, Sam Aun
Kong, Kunthea
Chhoeun, Sokim
Kry, Pheakun
Khin, Vannath
Tith, Saorin
Kao, Chheng Lang
Kam, Sokhoeun
Van, Thieng
Be, Phally
Am, Bora
Yim, Sean
Chan, Sithan
Sok, Sina
Tan, Posson
Sok, Kim Eng
Monidarin, Chou
Phon, Kerya
Chan Ear, Nimul
Ouk, Vara
Meas, Sina
Chea, Kimlay
Lao, Phea
Te, Nai Sim
Nget, Chan Chhaya
Samret, Tol
Keo, Chantary
Nouhin, Janin
Y, Tuon Seang
Chan, Lay Heng
Sieng, Hort
Ing, Phany
Kuoch, Sokhon
Lim, Hok Kean
Chea, Phalla
Neak, Vibol
Soum, Sophea
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San, Soeun
Ear, Chan Nimul
Chea, Sokeo
Koh, Chuop Chum
Yoeun, Yong
Men, Nimul Roat
Keo, Kimthan
Koy, Thoeun
Ung, Chanthan
Me, Yimtheavy
Hem, Sareth
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Say, Leakhena
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Men, Thoeurn
Tes, Kunthea
Kun, Sopheap
Chhun, Seam
Yim, Chanthan
Voeung, Sokbophang
Sum, Sarann
Dy, Keo Kunthea
Uorng, Saroeun
Ban, Boroath
Ken, Nyn
Meardey, Keolinelyanneth
Song, Sovannara
Ay, Sao Sarady
Prak, Vanda
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Issue 16
Keywords Human
Immunopathology
Antiretroviral agent
AIDS
Mycobacterial infection
Immune deficiency
Infection
Medicine
Chemotherapy
Treatment
Tuberculosis
Viral disease
Bacteriosis
Adult
Antiviral
Comparative study
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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PMCID: PMC4879711
Investigators and members of the CAMELIA (Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals) study team are listed in the Supplementary Appendix, available at NEJM.org.
The authors’ affiliations are listed in the Appendix.
Drs. Blanc and Sok contributed equally to this article.
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Snippet When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection and TB has been debated. In this study from Cambodia, giving...
Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to...
BackgroundTuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with...
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with...
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StartPage 1471
SubjectTerms Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Adult
AIDS
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - drug therapy
Anti-Retroviral Agents - administration & dosage
Anti-Retroviral Agents - adverse effects
Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents
Antiretroviral agents
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretroviral therapy
Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use
Antiviral agents
Biological and medical sciences
CD4 antigen
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Drug Administration Schedule
Drug therapy
Efavirenz
Female
Follow-Up Studies
General aspects
Hepatitis
HIV
HIV Infections - complications
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - mortality
Human health and pathology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human viral diseases
Humans
Immune reconstitution
Immunosuppressive agents
Infectious diseases
Inflammation
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Lamivudine
Life Sciences
Lymphocytes T
Male
Medical sciences
Mortality
Patients
Pharmaceutical sciences
Pharmacology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Santé publique et épidémiologie
Stavudine
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis - complications
Tuberculosis - drug therapy
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Viral Load
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Title Earlier versus Later Start of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults with Tuberculosis
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