Does outdoor air pollution induce new cases of asthma? Biological plausibility and evidence; a review

ABSTRACT It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on g...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) Jg. 17; H. 6; S. 887 - 898
Hauptverfasser:	GOWERS, ALISON M., CULLINAN, PAUL, AYRES, JON G., ANDERSON, H. ROSS, STRACHAN, DAVID P., HOLGATE, STEPHEN T., MILLS, INGA C., MAYNARD, ROBERT L.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Melbourne, Australia Blackwell Publishing Asia 01.08.2012
Schlagworte:	Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Asthma Asthma - chemically induced Asthma - epidemiology Asthma - genetics Automotive exhaust emissions Combustion products Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Incidence Pollution effects Prevalence Respiratory diseases Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects review Reviews Traffic Trucks vehicle emission Vehicle Emissions - analysis
ISSN:	1323-7799, 1440-1843, 1440-1843
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Abstract	ABSTRACT It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta‐analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta‐analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within‐community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the UK's Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population.
AbstractList	It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta‐analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta‐analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within‐community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the UK's Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population. It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta-analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta-analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within-community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the U.K.'s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population. It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta-analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta-analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within-community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the U.K.'s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population.It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta-analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta-analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within-community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the U.K.'s Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population. ABSTRACT It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can contribute to the initiation of new cases of asthma. Mechanistic evidence from toxicological studies, together with recent information on genes that predispose towards the development of asthma, suggests that this is biologically plausible, particularly in the light of the current understanding of asthma as a complex disease with a variety of phenotypes. The epidemiological evidence for associations between ambient levels of air pollutants and asthma prevalence at a whole community level is unconvincing; meta‐analysis confirms a lack of association. In contrast, a meta‐analysis of cohort studies found an association between asthma incidence and within‐community variations in air pollution (largely traffic dominated). Similarly, a systematic review suggests an association of asthma prevalence with exposure to traffic, although only in those living very close to heavily trafficked roads carrying a lot of trucks. Based on this evidence, the UK's Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants recently concluded that, overall, the evidence is consistent with the possibility that outdoor air pollution might play a role in causing asthma in susceptible individuals living very close to busy roads carrying a lot of truck traffic. Nonetheless, the effect on public health is unlikely to be large: air pollutants are likely to make only a small contribution, compared with other factors, in the development of asthma, and in only a small proportion of the population.
Author	MILLS, INGA C. MAYNARD, ROBERT L. GOWERS, ALISON M. AYRES, JON G. CULLINAN, PAUL HOLGATE, STEPHEN T. ANDERSON, H. ROSS STRACHAN, DAVID P.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: ALISON M. surname: GOWERS fullname: GOWERS, ALISON M. email: alison.gowers@hpa.org.uk organization: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton – sequence: 2 givenname: PAUL surname: CULLINAN fullname: CULLINAN, PAUL organization: Occupational and Environmental Medicine Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College – sequence: 3 givenname: JON G. surname: AYRES fullname: AYRES, JON G. organization: Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham – sequence: 4 givenname: H. ROSS surname: ANDERSON fullname: ANDERSON, H. ROSS organization: Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London – sequence: 5 givenname: DAVID P. surname: STRACHAN fullname: STRACHAN, DAVID P. organization: Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London – sequence: 6 givenname: STEPHEN T. surname: HOLGATE fullname: HOLGATE, STEPHEN T. organization: Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: INGA C. surname: MILLS fullname: MILLS, INGA C. organization: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton – sequence: 8 givenname: ROBERT L. surname: MAYNARD fullname: MAYNARD, ROBERT L. organization: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22672711$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	2012 Crown Copyright. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology 2012 Crown Copyright. Respirology © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.
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Notes	ark:/67375/WNG-MX5CRLDV-1 ArticleID:RESP2195 istex:F95EA040C91CE0C9A039B084B5138072ADE131E4 The Authors Alison M. Gowers, BSc, MSc, is a member of the Secretariat to the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants. Her interests include the application of scientific evidence in risk assessment and policy development. Paul Cullinan, MD, MSc, FRCP, is Professor of Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease at Imperial College, London. His interests are in the environmental determinants of lung disease in and out of the workplace. Jon G. Ayres BSc, MD, FRCP, is Professor of Environmental & Respiratory Medicine and Head of the Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham. He has a long‐standing research interest in environmental influences on health in particular lung and heart disease. H. Ross Anderson, MD, MSc, FMedSci, is Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at St George's, University of London and at King's College, London. His research interests encompass both the epidemiology of asthma and the health effects of air pollution. David P. Strachan, MBChB, MD, FRCP, is Professor of Epidemiology in the Division of Population Health Sciences and Education at St George's, University of London. His research interests include genetics, life course and environmental epidemiology, primarily of respiratory and allergic diseases. Stephen T. Holgate, MD, DSc, FMedSci, is an MRC Professor of Immunopharmacology and Honorary Consultant Physician at the Faculty of Medicine and University of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust. His research interests cover the pathophysiology of asthma and its treatment with an emphasis on translation into patient benefit. Inga C. Mills, BSc, MSc, is a member of the Secretariat to the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants. Her interests include air pollution epidemiology. Robert L. Maynard, FRCP, FBTS, is Honorary Professor of Environmental Medicine at the University of Birmingham, UK and was, until 2011, Head of the Air Pollution Unit at the Health Protection Agency (England and Wales). His areas of research interest include respiratory physiology and toxicology with an emphasis on the effects of airborne particles on health. SERIES EDITORS: IAN YANG AND STEPHEN HOLGATE ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 ObjectType-Undefined-4
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PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	August 2012
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2012-08-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 08 year: 2012 text: August 2012
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	Melbourne, Australia
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Melbourne, Australia – name: Australia
PublicationTitle	Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
PublicationTitleAlternate	Respirology
PublicationYear	2012
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Asia
Publisher_xml	– name: Blackwell Publishing Asia
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Snippet	ABSTRACT It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution... It is widely accepted that air pollution can exacerbate asthma in those who already have the condition. What is less clear is whether air pollution can...
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SubjectTerms	Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Asthma Asthma - chemically induced Asthma - epidemiology Asthma - genetics Automotive exhaust emissions Combustion products Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Incidence Pollution effects Prevalence Respiratory diseases Respiratory Mucosa - drug effects review Reviews Traffic Trucks vehicle emission Vehicle Emissions - analysis
Title	Does outdoor air pollution induce new cases of asthma? Biological plausibility and evidence; a review
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-MX5CRLDV-1/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1843.2012.02195.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22672711 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1038597506 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1081430990
Volume	17
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