The Effects of Eight Weeks’ Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Liver Health in Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not...

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Vydáno v:Nutrients Ročník 15; číslo 4; s. 825
Hlavní autoři: Rinaldi, Roberta, De Nucci, Sara, Castellana, Fabio, Di Chito, Martina, Giannuzzi, Vito, Shahini, Endrit, Zupo, Roberta, Lampignano, Luisa, Piazzolla, Giuseppina, Triggiani, Vincenzo, Cozzolongo, Raffaele, Giannelli, Gianluigi, De Pergola, Giovanni
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland MDPI AG 06.02.2023
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ISSN:2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Abstract Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m2) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
AbstractList Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m2) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m ) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD ( < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD ( < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m²) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m[sup.2]) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m2) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and parameters commonly associated with this condition in overweight and obese subjects who did not take any drugs. This prospective, real-life study included thirty-three participants who followed a VLCKD for 8 weeks. NAFLD was diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Data on anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, and biochemical assays were gathered both before and after the dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m2) (from 33.84 ± 6.55 to 30.89 ± 6.38, p < 0.01), waist circumference (cm) (from 106.67 ± 15.51 to 98.64 ± 16.21, p < 0.01), and fat mass (Kg) (from 38.47 ± 12.59 to 30.98 ± 12.39, p < 0.01) were significantly lower after VLCKD. CAP (db/m), the FibroScan parameter quantifying fatty liver accumulation, showed a significant reduction after VLCKD (from 266.61 ± 67.96 to 223 ± 64.19, p < 0.01). After VLCKD, the fatty liver index (FLI), a benchmark of steatosis, also revealed a significant decline (from 62.82 ± 27.46 to 44.09 ± 31.24, p < 0.01). Moreover, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ALT, γGT, and FT3 blood concentrations, as well as insulin resistance (quantified by HOMAIR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, were significantly lower after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all the parameters). By contrast, HDL-cholesterol, 25 (OH) vitamin D, and FT4 blood concentrations were higher after VLCKD (p < 0.01 for all parameters). The variation (δ) of CAP after VLCKD did not show a correlation with the δ of any other parameter investigated in this study. We conclude that VLCKD is a helpful approach for NAFLD independent of changes in factors commonly associated with NAFLD (obesity, fat mass, insulin resistance, lipids, and blood pressure) as well as vitamin D and thyroid hormone levels.
Audience Academic
Author Castellana, Fabio
Triggiani, Vincenzo
Lampignano, Luisa
Giannuzzi, Vito
Di Chito, Martina
Shahini, Endrit
Rinaldi, Roberta
Cozzolongo, Raffaele
De Nucci, Sara
Giannelli, Gianluigi
De Pergola, Giovanni
Zupo, Roberta
Piazzolla, Giuseppina
AuthorAffiliation 4 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
3 Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
5 Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
1 Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
2 Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36839183$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 4
Keywords non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
transient elastography (FibroScan)
very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)
insulin resistance
obesity
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Snippet Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are widely employed in successful weight-loss strategies. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD on...
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SubjectTerms Alcohol
bioelectrical impedance
blood
Blood cholesterol
blood glucose
Body composition
Body mass index
Calories
Causes of
Cholesterol
Complications and side effects
Control
Diabetes
diastolic blood pressure
Diet
Diet therapy
Diet, Ketogenic
elasticity imaging techniques
Electrodes
Fatty liver
Health aspects
High density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein cholesterol
Humans
insulin
Insulin Resistance
Intervention
Ketogenic diet
liver
Liver diseases
low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Low-calorie diet
Meals
Metabolic syndrome
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diet therapy
Nutrition research
nutritional intervention
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Outpatient care facilities
Overweight
Overweight - complications
Physiological aspects
Prospective Studies
Questionnaires
Risk factors
thyroid hormones
Triglycerides
Viral infections
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency
waist circumference
Weight control
weight loss
Title The Effects of Eight Weeks’ Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Liver Health in Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity
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