Human rhinoviruses

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and missed days of work. Advances in molecular methods have enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of HRV and h...

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Published in:Clinical microbiology reviews Vol. 26; no. 1; p. 135
Main Authors: Jacobs, Samantha E, Lamson, Daryl M, St George, Kirsten, Walsh, Thomas J
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.01.2013
Subjects:
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Humans
Otitis Media - epidemiology
Otitis Media - virology
Picornaviridae Infections - epidemiology
Picornaviridae Infections - virology
Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Infections - virology
Rhinovirus - classification
Rhinovirus - genetics
Rhinovirus - pathogenicity
Sinusitis - epidemiology
Sinusitis - virology
ISSN:1098-6618, 1098-6618
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), first discovered in the 1950s, are responsible for more than one-half of cold-like illnesses and cost billions of dollars annually in medical visits and missed days of work. Advances in molecular methods have enhanced our understanding of the genomic structure of HRV and have led to the characterization of three genetically distinct HRV groups, designated groups A, B, and C, within the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae. HRVs are traditionally associated with upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media, and sinusitis. In recent years, the increasing implementation of PCR assays for respiratory virus detection in clinical laboratories has facilitated the recognition of HRV as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in patients with asthma, infants, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. Cultured isolates of HRV remain important for studies of viral characteristics and disease pathogenesis. Indeed, whether the clinical manifestations of HRV are related directly to viral pathogenicity or secondary to the host immune response is the subject of ongoing research. There are currently no approved antiviral therapies for HRVs, and treatment remains primarily supportive. This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the basic virology, pathogenesis, clinical epidemiology, and laboratory features of and treatment and prevention strategies for HRVs.
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ISSN:1098-6618
1098-6618
DOI:10.1128/CMR.00077-12