Nutraceutical Potential of Carica papaya in Metabolic Syndrome

Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic co...

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Published in:	Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 1608
Main Authors:	Santana, Lidiani F., Inada, Aline C., Espirito Santo, Bruna Larissa Spontoni do, Filiú, Wander F. O., Pott, Arnildo, Alves, Flávio M., Guimarães, Rita de Cássia A., Freitas, Karine de Cássia, Hiane, Priscila A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 16.07.2019 MDPI
Subjects:	antioxidants benzyl isothiocyanate beta-carotene beta-cryptoxanthin cardiovascular system Carica Carica papaya cholesterol diabetes mellitus Dietary Supplements flavonoids folic acid free radicals Fruit fruits glucosinolates Humans Hypoglycemia leaves linoleic acid magnesium Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy minerals nutrients Nutritive Value obesity oils oleic acid palmitic acid pantothenic acid Phytochemicals polyphenols potassium pulp Review saponins seeds stearic acid subtropics tocopherols vitamin A metabolic syndrome blood glucose natural products Carica papaya food composition
ISSN:	2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Abstract	Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols (α and δ), β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and carotenoids, are found in the seeds. The oil extracted from the seed principally presents oleic fatty acid followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids, whereas the leaves have high contents of food fibers and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, pro-anthocyanins, tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate. Studies demonstrated that the nutrients present in its composition have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting it against cardiovascular illnesses and preventing harm caused by free radicals. It has also been reported that it aids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in the reduction of cholesterol levels. Thus, both the pulp and the other parts of the plant (leaves and seeds) present antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions, which, in turn, can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
AbstractList	Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols (α and δ), β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and carotenoids, are found in the seeds. The oil extracted from the seed principally presents oleic fatty acid followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids, whereas the leaves have high contents of food fibers and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, pro-anthocyanins, tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate. Studies demonstrated that the nutrients present in its composition have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting it against cardiovascular illnesses and preventing harm caused by free radicals. It has also been reported that it aids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in the reduction of cholesterol levels. Thus, both the pulp and the other parts of the plant (leaves and seeds) present antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions, which, in turn, can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols (α and δ), β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and carotenoids, are found in the seeds. The oil extracted from the seed principally presents oleic fatty acid followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids, whereas the leaves have high contents of food fibers and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, pro-anthocyanins, tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate. Studies demonstrated that the nutrients present in its composition have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting it against cardiovascular illnesses and preventing harm caused by free radicals. It has also been reported that it aids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in the reduction of cholesterol levels. Thus, both the pulp and the other parts of the plant (leaves and seeds) present antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions, which, in turn, can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols (α and δ), β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and carotenoids, are found in the seeds. The oil extracted from the seed principally presents oleic fatty acid followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids, whereas the leaves have high contents of food fibers and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, pro-anthocyanins, tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate. Studies demonstrated that the nutrients present in its composition have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting it against cardiovascular illnesses and preventing harm caused by free radicals. It has also been reported that it aids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in the reduction of cholesterol levels. Thus, both the pulp and the other parts of the plant (leaves and seeds) present antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions, which, in turn, can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex vitamins, such as pantothenic acid and folate, and minerals, such as magnesium and potassium, as well as food fibers. Phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols (α and δ), β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and carotenoids, are found in the seeds. The oil extracted from the seed principally presents oleic fatty acid followed by palmitic, linoleic and stearic acids, whereas the leaves have high contents of food fibers and polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, pro-anthocyanins, tocopherol, and benzyl isothiocyanate. Studies demonstrated that the nutrients present in its composition have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting it against cardiovascular illnesses and preventing harm caused by free radicals. It has also been reported that it aids in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and in the reduction of cholesterol levels. Thus, both the pulp and the other parts of the plant (leaves and seeds) present antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic actions, which, in turn, can contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. [...]few studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential in metabolic dysfunctions in experimental models specific to obesity. [...]the present study will investigate the nutritional value and bioactive compounds of the plant, as well as the existing medicinal uses and possible application in the metabolic syndrome. 2. The green fruit is used in preparations, such as salads, cakes, ice creams and juice, without carotene [20], but with all of the other nutrients listed in Table 1 and Table 2. Besides the ripe papaya pulp, the consumption of other parts, such as the seeds and leaves, is appropriate, since they have a higher nutritional value and more fibers [7]. [...]the metabolic syndrome can be defined as the set of these risk factors, i.e., a cluster of metabolic disorders associated with obesity, including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension, which can lead to cardiovascular illnesses [45]. Since adipose tissue is a source of a great number of adipokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein, also known as chemokine ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL-2), leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, among others [46], the larger the accumulation of adipose tissue, the higher the production of these adipokines. In relation to the metabolic dysfunctions, C. papaya displays hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antihypertensive potential and demonstrates increased antioxidant activity in experimental models in vivo and in vitro. [...]studies including researches on diet-induced and genetic obesity models in addition to the isolation of specific substances from different parts of C. papaya will be important for the development of novel natural products on the treatment and prevention of obesity and metabolic disturbances.
Author	Inada, Aline C. Espirito Santo, Bruna Larissa Spontoni do Freitas, Karine de Cássia Alves, Flávio M. Santana, Lidiani F. Hiane, Priscila A. Filiú, Wander F. O. Pott, Arnildo Guimarães, Rita de Cássia A.
AuthorAffiliation	3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil 2 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil 1 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil – name: 3 Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil – name: 2 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, MS 79079-900 Campo Grande, Brazil
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Snippet	Carica papaya L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and... L. is a well-known fruit worldwide, and its highest production occurs in tropical and subtropical regions. The pulp contains vitamins A, C, and E, B complex... [...]few studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential in metabolic dysfunctions in experimental models specific to obesity. [...]the present study will...
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SubjectTerms	antioxidants benzyl isothiocyanate beta-carotene beta-cryptoxanthin cardiovascular system Carica Carica papaya cholesterol diabetes mellitus Dietary Supplements flavonoids folic acid free radicals Fruit fruits glucosinolates Humans Hypoglycemia leaves linoleic acid magnesium Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy minerals nutrients Nutritive Value obesity oils oleic acid palmitic acid pantothenic acid Phytochemicals polyphenols potassium pulp Review saponins seeds stearic acid subtropics tocopherols vitamin A
Title	Nutraceutical Potential of Carica papaya in Metabolic Syndrome
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Volume	11
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